Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Light is one of the most influential factor affecting the growth and quality of herbs. In recent times, the introduction of Light Emission Diode (LED) technology has been widely used for plants in greenhouse. However, the impact of such lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra remain unclear. Results: The red LED light (RL) substantially increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area relative to the white LED light (WL), while the blue LED light (BL) significantly reduced the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs. leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs. leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs. WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs. WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs. WG, and WJ vs. WY, respectively. We identified 46 genes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 genes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 454 metabolites were identified based on metabolomic profiling, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs. RY, WY vs. BY, and WY vs. WG. In BY there was a substantial reduction in the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol decreased significantly. Besides, in WG, the production of metabolites (e.g. chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) declined, while their yields increased significantly (e.g. esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin).Conclusion: These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra under various light conditions, allowing optimum breeding conditions to be developed for this plant.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Light is one of the most influential factor affecting the growth and quality of herbs. In recent times, the introduction of Light Emission Diode (LED) technology has been widely used for plants in greenhouse. However, the impact of such lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra remain unclear. Results: The red LED light (RL) substantially increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area relative to the white LED light (WL), while the blue LED light (BL) significantly reduced the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs. leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs. leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs. WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs. WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs. WG, and WJ vs. WY, respectively. We identified 46 genes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 genes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 454 metabolites were identified based on metabolomic profiling, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs. RY, WY vs. BY, and WY vs. WG. In BY there was a substantial reduction in the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol decreased significantly. Besides, in WG, the production of metabolites (e.g. chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) declined, while their yields increased significantly (e.g. esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin).Conclusion: These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra under various light conditions, allowing optimum breeding conditions to be developed for this plant.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Light is one of the most influential factor affecting the growth and quality of herbs. In recent times, the introduction of Light Emission Diode (LED) technology has been widely used for plants in greenhouse. However, the impact of such lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra remain unclear. Results The red LED light (RL) substantially increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area relative to the white LED light (WL), while the blue LED light (BL) significantly reduced the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs. leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs. leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs. WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs. WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs. WG, and WJ vs. WY, respectively. We identified 46 genes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 genes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 454 metabolites were identified based on metabolomic profiling, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs. RY, WY vs. BY, and WY vs. WG. In BY there was a substantial reduction in the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol decreased significantly. Besides, in WG, the production of metabolites (e.g. chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) declined, while their yields increased significantly (e.g. esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin). Conclusion These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra under various light conditions, allowing optimum breeding conditions to be developed for this plant.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals  the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds  accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Recently, artificial light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used as energy for plants in greenhouse. However, little is known regarding the effects of the different LED lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation patterns in S. glabra. Results: Compared to white LED light (WL), the red LED light (RL) significantly increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area, whereas blue LED light (BL) significantly suppressed the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to the results of transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs WG, and WJ vs WY, respectively. We identified 46 unigenes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 unigenes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. Based on metabolomic profiling, a total of 454 metabolites were identified, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs RY, WY vs BY, and WY vs WG, respectively. In BY, the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin were significantly reduced, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol were significantly decreased. In addition, the production of metabolites (e.g., chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) were significantly reduced, whereas the yields of metabolites (e.g., esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin) were significantly promoted in WG. Conclusion: These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation patterns in S. glabra under different light conditions, enabling the development of optimum breeding conditions for this plant.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Cucumber Seedlings to Supplemental LED Light under Extremely Low Irradiance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Yiting Zhang ◽  
Hao Dong ◽  
Shiwei Song ◽  
Wei Su ◽  
Houcheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Red Led

In order to inhibit spindling growth and improve quality of cucumber seedlings under low irradiance, effects of supplemental light-emitting diodes (LED) light (SL) on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings at different growth stages under extremely low irradiance (ELI) were investigated. Supplementary monochromatic, dichromatic and trichromatic LED light on cucumber seedlings were conducted in experiment one, and supplements of combination ratios and intensity of blue and red LED light (RB) were conducted in experiment two. The morphological and physiological parameters of cucumber seedlings were promoted effectively by supplemental monochromatic red light or dichromatic containing red light (RB and RG) under ELI as early as one-leaf seedling stage, as demonstrated by suppressed length of hypocotyl and first internode, increased stem diameter and biomass, higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and soluble sugar content. Monochromatic or additional green light was not beneficial to cucumber seedlings under the ELI. The length of shoot and hypocotyl decreased, while stem diameter and leaf area increased as early as one-leaf seedling stage by RB SL. Root activities, root–shoot ratio, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), as well as palisade–spongy ratio in the leaf of cucumber seedlings were promoted effectively by increasing blue light proportion (1R1B/1R2B). Increasing light intensity (50/75) enhanced soluble sugar accumulation in leaves. There were synergistic effects of RB ratio and light intensity on increasing stem diameter, leaf area, seedling index and decreasing hypocotyl cell area of the vertical section. In conclusion, 1R2B-75 may be the optimal SL to inhibit spindling growth of cucumber seedlings under ELI condition.

Detecting the Drought-Response Difference in Semiarid Ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau: 10-Year Observation Using GOSAT SIF and MODIS PRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Kiyono ◽  
Hibiki Noda ◽  
Tomo’omi Kumagai ◽  
Haruki Oshio ◽  
Yukio Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Impact

<p>Atmospheric aridity and soil drought control vegetation water use and affect the terrestrial water and carbon cycles. Separating these two types of drought is difficult but crucial because they relate to different ecosystem properties and their impacts depend on vegetation types. We examine how well satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) captures the drought responses of taiga and steppe in semiarid areas on the Mongolian plateau, which have experienced a historic drought since the late 1990s. Ten-year records of the GOSAT SIF and the MODIS-band-1 photochemical reflectance index (PRI, also known as chlorophyll/carotenoid index) from Aqua consistently suggest that the taiga is sensitive to vapor-pressure deficit but insensitive to surface-soil drought, and that the opposite is the case for the steppe. The MODIS PRI changes reasonably with temperature and drought stress, and also with canopy shades, which is attributable to the xanthophyll cycle. However the most influential factor on the PRI is leaf area in both vegetations, and temperature is the second in the taiga, indicating the dominant effect of its pigment-pool size. The leaf area index of the taiga has almost similar values and seasonal patterns in each year, while the SIF shows remarkable interannual changes. The SIF yield in the taiga decreases 36–48% on average with the increase of vapor-pressure deficit from 1 kPa to 3 kPa under high-PRI conditions. Almost all detectable information from the SIF yield in the steppe is correlated with PRI on a monthly basis. The SIF in the steppe decreases nonlinearly when the surface-soil-water content fell below ∼0.154 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, which agrees well with an eddy-covariance result in this region and implies the capability of satellite-based wilting-point estimation. We will further clarify which biological factors affected the observed results of SIF and PRI using the process-based model 'Soil-Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes' (SCOPE) and show the impact of drought on the gross primary production in the past decade.</p>

scholarly journals Remote Sensing to Study Mangrove Fragmentation and Its Impacts on Leaf Area Index and Gross Primary Productivity in the South of Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Kasturi Devi Kanniah ◽  
Chuen Siang Kang ◽  
Sahadev Sharma ◽  
A. Aldrie Amir
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shape Complexity ◽  
The Impact

Mangrove is classified as an important ecosystem along the shorelines of tropical and subtropical landmasses, which are being degraded at an alarming rate despite numerous international treaties having been agreed. Iskandar Malaysia (IM) is a fast-growing economic region in southern Peninsular Malaysia, where three Ramsar Sites are located. Since the beginning of the 21st century (2000–2019), a total loss of 2907.29 ha of mangrove area has been estimated based on medium-high resolution remote sensing data. This corresponds to an annual loss rate of 1.12%, which is higher than the world mangrove depletion rate. The causes of mangrove loss were identified as land conversion to urban, plantations, and aquaculture activities, where large mangrove areas were shattered into many smaller patches. Fragmentation analysis over the mangrove area shows a reduction in the mean patch size (from 105 ha to 27 ha) and an increase in the number of mangrove patches (130 to 402), edge, and shape complexity, where smaller and isolated mangrove patches were found to be related to the rapid development of IM region. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) products were used to inspect the impact of fragmentation on the mangrove ecosystem process. The mean LAI and GPP of mangrove areas that had not undergone any land cover changes over the years showed an increase from 3.03 to 3.55 (LAI) and 5.81 g C m−2 to 6.73 g C m−2 (GPP), highlighting the ability of the mangrove forest to assimilate CO2 when it is not disturbed. Similarly, GPP also increased over the gained areas (from 1.88 g C m−2 to 2.78 g C m−2). Meanwhile, areas that lost mangroves, but replaced them with oil palm, had decreased mean LAI from 2.99 to 2.62. In fragmented mangrove patches an increase in GPP was recorded, and this could be due to the smaller patches (<9 ha) and their edge effects where abundance of solar radiation along the edges of the patches may increase productivity. The impact on GPP due to fragmentation is found to rely on the type of land transformation and patch characteristics (size, edge, and shape complexity). The preservation of mangrove forests in a rapidly developing region such as IM is vital to ensure ecosystem, ecology, environment, and biodiversity conservation, in addition to providing economical revenue and supporting human activities.

scholarly journals It’s the Weather: Quantifying the Impact of Weather on Retail Sales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Rose ◽  
Les Dolega
Keyword(s):  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Retail Sales ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
High Street ◽  
Sector Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe weather is considered as an influential factor on consumer purchasing behaviours and plays a significant role in many aspects of retail sector decision making. As a result, better understanding of the magnitude and nature of the influence of variable UK weather conditions can be beneficial to many retailers and other stakeholders. This study addresses the dearth of research in this area by quantifying the relationship between different weather conditions and trading outcomes. By employing comprehensive daily sales data for a major high street retailer with over 2000 stores across England and adopting a random forest methodology, the study quantifies the influence of various weather conditions on daily retail sales. Results indicate that weather impact is greatest in the summer and spring months and that wind is consistently found to be the most influential weather condition. The top five most weather-dependent categories cover a range of different product types, with health foods emerging as the most susceptible to the weather. Also, sales from out-of-town stores show a far more complex relationship with the weather than those from traditional high street stores with the regions London and the South East experiencing the greatest levels of influence. Various implications of these findings for retail stakeholders are discussed and the scope for further research outlined.

scholarly journals Virulence of Aerial Conidia of Beauveria bassiana Produced under LED Light to Ctenocephalides felis (Cat Flea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Malee Thungrabeab ◽  
Supamit Mekchay ◽  
Patcharin Krutmuang
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Aerial Conidia ◽  
Different Color

Ctenocephalides felis is an ectoparasitic flea species commonly found on dogs and cats. The current study verified the in vitro virulence of conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana produced under different color LED light (red, blue, purple, green, yellow, and white) to adults of C. felis. The fungal isolates were cultivated on malt extract agar (MEA). Bioassay treatments used aerial conidia in test tubes. Adult fleas were obtained from a house cat in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The experiments were composed of one control and eleven treatment groups. All of the treatments with B. bassiana conidia caused adult mortality after an exposure of 12 h. Among the conditions used in this study, B. bassiana cultured under red LED and fluorescent light were the most effective in causing mortality (100 %) in adult fleas after 36 h. The experimental results indicate that these aerial conidia of B. bassiana have promising potential for use in control of C. felis adult stages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document