scholarly journals A Numerical Model of the Influence of Maxillary Sinus Ostium Size on the Distribution of Nitric Oxide Concentration in the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN GUO ◽  
SHEN YU ◽  
JIZHE WANG ◽  
WEN JIN ◽  
YUYUE CUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Abstract ObjectiveUsing a numerical model, we aimed to study the influence of maxillary sinus ostium size variation on nitric oxide (NO) concentration distribution in the nasal cavity and sinuses and to determine the impact of differing sinus ostium size on sinusitis development and recurrence following sinus ostium opening surgery.MethodsWe obtained high-resolution computed tomography images of the nasal sinuses of a volunteer, following which we established a numerical model, determined NO concentration and air volume in the maxillary sinus on one side, then changed the maxillary sinus ostium size on that side, and finally established five models of sinus ostium of different sizes. Two sizes of sinus numerical models were established to determine effect of differing ostium size on the maxillary sinus cavity NO concentration distributions.ResultsA smaller sinus ostia size corresponded to lower NO concentration in nasal cavity and exhaled air; moreover, a concentration gradient was formed from sinus ostium to nasal cavity. A larger sinus ostia size demonstrated a lower NO concentration surrounding sinus ostium in the sinus cavity and formed a concentration gradient from ostium to cavity.ConclusionConstriction of the sinus cavity can lead to changes in NO concentration. Detection of NO concentration in nasally exhaled air can be used as an index to detect the patency of the maxillary sinus ostium. An excessive opening of sinus ostium leads to a decrease in NO concentration around sinus ostium, which is one of the main causes of persistent or recurrent inflammation in the maxillary sinus

The Influence of the Size of the Maxillary Sinus Ostium on the Nasal and Sinus Nitric Oxide Levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi K.D.R.A. Kirihene ◽  
Guy Rees ◽  
Peter-John Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Background Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in significant quantities in the nasal sinuses and is thought to have a beneficial effect on the mucociliary transport of the sinuses and nose and to have significant antibacterial properties that contribute to the health of the sinuses. Recently, the concept of “mini-functional endoscopic sinus surgery” has been introduced where the uncinate is removed without enlargement of the maxillary ostium. Although no scientific evidence has been published, enlargement of the ostium is thought to possibly disrupt the mucociliary pathway and decrease the concentration of NO in the nose and sinuses. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of enlargement of the maxillary ostium on sinus and nasal NO. Methods Twenty-nine patients who were post-endoscopic sinus surgery were included with 52 who were maxillary sinus ostia cannulated. There were 22 large maxillary sinus ostia and 30 small ostia. Smoking, allergy status, and topical steroid use were recorded. NO levels were measured in the nose and maxillary sinus after decongestion with patients mouth breathing and breath holding. Results This study shows that enlargement of the maxillary sinus ostium above its normal size (20 mm2) produces a significant decrease in both the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity NO levels. In addition, the size of the ostium showed a significant correlation to the sinus NO level. Use of topical nasal steroid sprays and topical decongestants were shown to effect NO levels in the sinuses and nasal cavity. The lowered levels of NO were found irrespective of the technique of measurement of the NO. Conclusions The effect of this lowered NO level on the susceptibility of the maxillary sinuses to recurrent infection is yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Level of Nitric Oxide in Exhaled Air in Patients Using Acrylic Complete Dentures and with Oral Pathologies

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wyszyńska ◽  
Aleksandra Czelakowska ◽  
Rafał Rój ◽  
Magdalena Zając ◽  
Michał Mielnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
The Impact

The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring of the pathologies in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. Researchers have shown a huge increase of its level in asthma and diseases in the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to research the impact of pathologies in the oral cavity on the level of NO in exhaled air. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of inflammation in the oral cavity (according to the material of dentures) on the level of nitric oxide in exhaled air. Three groups of patients were examined in this study. The hygiene of acrylic dentures, hard tissues, periodontal tissues, hygiene of the oral cavity, and level of NO in exhaled air were examined. Prosthetic stomatitis, denture plaque, tooth decay, poor sanitation and periodontitis increase levels of NO.

Drug delivery in the nasal cavity after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a computational fluid dynamics study

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
X B Chen ◽  
H P Lee ◽  
V F H Chong ◽  
D Y Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackground:Intranasal medication is commonly used for nasal disease. However, there are no clear specifications for intranasal medication delivery after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods:A three-dimensional model of the nasal cavity was constructed from computed tomography scans of an adult Chinese male who had previously undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the right nasal cavity. Computational fluid dynamic simulations modelled airflow and particle deposition, based on discrete phase models.Results:In the right nasal cavity, more particles passed through the upper dorsal region, around the surgical area, and streamed into the right maxillary sinus region. In the left cavity, particles were distributed more regularly and uniformly in the ventral region around the inferior turbinate. A lower inspiratory airflow rate and smaller initial particle velocity assisted particle deposition within the right maxillary sinus cavity. In the right nasal cavity, the optimal particle diameter was approximately 10−5 m for maxillary sinus cavity deposition and 3 × 10−6 m for bottom region deposition. In the right nasal cavity, altered back head tilt angles enhanced particle deposition in the top region of the surgical area, and altered right side head tilt angles helped enhance maxillary sinus cavity deposition.Conclusion:This model indicates that a moderate inspiratory airflow rate and a particle diameter of approximately 10−5 m should improve intranasal medication deposition into the maxillary sinus cavity following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

scholarly journals Solitary Neurofibroma of the Frontal Sinus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sudhir B. Sharma ◽  
Paul Hong
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Solitary Neurofibroma

Isolated or solitary neurofibromas of the paranasal sinuses are rare. Mostly, they involve the maxillary sinus and so far, a solitary neurofibroma of the frontal sinus has never been reported in the literature. We present a case of frontal sinus neurofibroma treated successfully with surgical excision. A 28-year-old male presented with forehead swelling and computed tomography images revealed a tumor involving the left frontal sinus. Histopathological examination showed the tumor to be a neurofibroma. We discuss the clinical and pathological characteristics of neurofibroma arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Air Pollution and the Concentration of Nitric Oxide in the Exhaled Air (FeNO) in 8–9-Year-Old School Children in Krakow

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6690
Author(s):  
Marta Czubaj-Kowal ◽  
Ryszard Kurzawa ◽  
Henryk Mazurek ◽  
Michał Sokołowski ◽  
Teresa Friediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The consequences of air pollution pose one of the most serious threats to human health, and especially impact children from large agglomerations. The measurement of nitric oxide concentration in exhaled air (FeNO) is a valuable biomarker in detecting and monitoring airway inflammation. However, only a few studies have assessed the relationship between FeNO and the level of air pollution. The study aims to estimate the concentration of FeNO in the population of children aged 8–9 attending the third grade of public primary schools in Krakow, as well as to determine the relationship between FeNO concentration and dust and gaseous air pollutants. The research included 4580 children aged 8–9 years who had two FeNO measurements in the winter–autumn and spring–summer periods. The degree of air pollution was obtained from the Regional Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Krakow. The concentration of pollutants was obtained from three measurement stations located in different parts of the city. The FeNO results were related to air pollution parameters. The study showed weak but significant relationships between FeNO and air pollution parameters. The most significant positive correlations were found for CO8h (r = 0.1491, p < 0.001), C6H6 (r = 0.1420, p < 0.001), PM10 (r = 0.1054, p < 0.001) and PM2.5 (r = 0.1112, p < 0.001). We suggest that particulate and gaseous air pollutants impact FeNO concentration in children aged 8–9 years. More research is needed to assess the impact of air pollution on FeNO concentration in children. The results of such studies could help to explain the increase in the number of allergic and respiratory diseases seen in children in recent decades.

scholarly journals Does the maxillary sinus have a triggering role in nasal nitric oxide synthesis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
O. Güçlü ◽  
A. Uludağ ◽  
A. Akçalı ◽  
K. Tekin ◽  
H. Erdoğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Nasal Nitric Oxide ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Objectives: We investigated whether the maxillary sinus plays a stimulatory role in nasal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Research on sinusitis and nasal polyps has found low NO levels in exhaled air and linked this to obstruction of the ostium. However, the major source of NO in exhaled air is thought to be the nasal mucosa. In this study, Streptococcus pneumoniae was applied to the maxillary sinus to investigate changes in NO synthesis of the nasal mucosa. Methods: An experimental study was performed with New Zealand white rabbits. Three groups, pneumococcus, control and sham, were created. The maxillary sinus of the pneumococcal group was exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension. Before and after the exposure, bilateral biopsy specimens were taken from the inferior turbinate. Specimens were examined by RT-PCR for expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). Physiological saline solution was administered to the maxillary sinus in the control group and biopsies were obtained. The sham group underwent only biopsy. Results: A significant increase in i-NOS expression of tissue samples from the pneumococcal group on the same and opposite sides were detected. There was no increase in e-NOS expression in this group. The control and sham groups had no significant change in i-NOS or e-NOS expression. Conclusion: In the acute period after the maxillary sinus is exposed to a pathogen, i-NOS expression increases in the nasal mucosa, but endothelial NOS expression is not affected. Consequently, a combined response in the maxillary sinus and the nasal mucosa for nitric oxide synthesis is shown in the present study.

Bacteriology of endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Kai-Li Liang ◽  
Jinq-Wen Jang ◽  
Chen-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Biopsy Forceps ◽  
Paranasal Sinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Sinus Cavity ◽  
Sinus Ostium ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

AbstractThe bacteriology of maxillary sinuses with normal endoscopic findings is reported in this study. When transantral sinoscopy was used to examine the maxillary sinuses, the whole maxillary sinus was inspected with different-angle endoscopes. If no lesion was seen over the whole maxillary sinus mucosa, no secretion existed in the maxillary sinus cavity, and the maxillary sinus ostium was wide open, the maxillary sinus was considered endoscopically normal. The bacteriology of these endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses was studied by passing cotton-tipped sticks through the cannula to collect swab specimens. In some cases, a biopsy forceps was also passed to obtain mucosal specimens. The specimens were sent to the laboratory for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Between July 1990 and May 1998, 83 swab and 31 mucosal specimens were collected from 69 patients who had not taken any antibiotic within 10 days before endoscopy. The culture rates were 62.3 per cent (35/53) from swab specimens and 57.1 per cent (eight out of 14) from mucosal specimens in patients with the diagnosis of chronic paranasal sinusitis, and were 46.7 per cent (14/30) from swab specimens and 41. 2 per cent (seven out of 17) from mucosal specimens in patients without this diagnosis. This study shows that endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses are not sterile.

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