Chronic Kidney Disease and associated factors among HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background In developing countries, both opportunistic infections and chronic diseases account a high HIV associated mortality and morbidity. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) associated with HIV infection has got increased attention in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of the high HIV prevalence and due to the late diagnosis and initiation of HAART. Thus, this study was conducted to assess CKD and associated factors among HIV patients on HARRT in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a secondary data review was conducted from February 01 to April 30, 2017, at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire by trained nurses. Venous blood and urine specimen was collected for serum creatinine and urine protein determination respectively. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD–EPI estimator. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 336 HIV patients on HARRT participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39.7 (± 9.7) years. The study participants were on HAART with an average of 7.5 (± 3) years. Before ART initiation, the majority of patients had WHO clinical stage II and III, 251 (74.7%), CD4 + T cell count < 200 cells/mm3, 221 (65.8%).The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.1%. About 27 (8.0%), 16 (4.8%), 11 (3.3%) of the participants had stage 1 and stage 2 CKD and chronic renal failure (stage 3a-5) respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis being male (AOR = 2.05 (1.03–4.09), p = 0.04, occupation merchant (AOR = 2.91(1.00-8.48),p = 0.049)and viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mm3 (AOR = 3.1 (1.38-7.00), P < 0.01) were significantly associated with CKD. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD among HIV patients on HARRT is high. Being male, merchant and viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mm3 were associated factors of CKD. Patients should be regularly monitored and screened for early diagnosis and management of CKD. Those patients with high viral load and male patients should be closely followed.

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Chronic Kidney Disease and associated factors among HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20477/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gizachew Ayele Manaye ◽

Dejene Derseh Abateneh ◽

Wondwossen Niguse Asmare

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Viral Load ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background In developing countries, both opportunistic infections and chronic diseases account a high HIV associated mortality and morbidity. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) associated with HIV infection has got increased attention in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of the high HIV prevalence and due to the late diagnosis and initiation of HAART. Thus, this study was conducted to assess CKD and associated factors among HIV patients on HARRT in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a secondary data review was conducted from February 01 to April 30, 2017, at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire by trained nurses. Venous blood and urine specimen was collected for serum creatinine and urine protein determination respectively. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD–EPI estimator. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 336 HIV patients on HARRT participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39.7 ( + 9.7) years. The study participants were on HAART with an average of 7.5 ( + 3) years. Before ART initiation, the majority of patients had WHO clinical stage II and III, 251 (74.7%), CD4+T cell count < 200 cells/mm 3 , 221 (65.8%).The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.1%. About 27 (8.0%), 16 (4.8%), 11 (3.3%) of the participants had stage 1 and stage 2 CKD and chronic renal failure (stage 3a-5) respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis being male (AOR=2.05 (1.03-4.09), p=0.04, occupation merchant (AOR=2.91(1.00-8.48),p=0.049)and viral load > 1000 copies/mm 3 (AOR=3.1 (1.38-7.00), P<0.01) were significantly associated with CKD. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD among HIV patients on HARRT is high. Being male, merchant and viral load > 1000 copies/mm 3 were associated factors of CKD. Patients should be regularly monitored and screened for early diagnosis and management of CKD. Those patients with high viral load and male patients should be closely followed.

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The prevalence and associated factors of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) among men with suppressed viral load taking antiretroviral therapy

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x19666211202100308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Safiye Nur Ozcan ◽

Dilek Yıldız Sevgi ◽

Ahsen Oncul ◽

Alper Gunduz ◽

Ozgun Pehlivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Viral Load ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Hiv Diagnosis

Background: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent comorbidity observed in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) among men with suppressed viral load taking antiretroviral therapy. Method: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study design between January to April 2019. 211 patients were included in the study. Z-score at either body site between -1.0 and -2.0 or -2 or less were defined as osteopenia or osteoporosis, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors affecting the development of reduced BMD. Results: The mean age of the patients involved in the study was 34.8 ± 7.6. Osteoporosis was detected in 21.4% and osteopenia in 44.5% of the patients. There was a significant relationship between HIV diagnosis time, ART usage duration, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use, TDF use in the past, total TDF usage time and decreased BMD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of reduced bone marrow density was 67% lower among those with regular milk or dairy product intake compared to those without (OR=0.330; 95% CI = 0.12-0.92, p=0.033 ) Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of reduced BMD among PLHIV aged under 50 which is mainly confounded by HIV diagnosis time, ART usage duration and TDF usage. Although virological control has been achieved, these patients should be followed up, considering that they may have decreased BMD.

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Magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV-infected children attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247878

Author(s):

Biruk Bayleyegn ◽

Berhanu Woldu ◽

Aregawi Yalew ◽

Fikir Asrie

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Study Participant ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Early Investigation ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk

Background Isolated or multi lineage cytopenia are the most common clinicopathological features and independently associated with increased risk of disease progression and death among human immunodeficiency virus infected children. In the study area, there is scarcity of data about the magnitude of various cytopenia. Objectives Aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital ART clinic, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 255 HIV infected children from January- April 2020. None probable convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participant. Socio demographic data were collected by pre tested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview and their medical data were obtained from their follow-up medical records. Moreover, blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, viral load and blood film, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of cytopenia. P-Value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result The overall magnitude of peripheral cytopenia was 38.9%. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and bi-cytopenia were 21.2%, 12.2%, 11%, 1.6% and 3.9% respectively. Being in the age group of 2–10 years (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI 2.33–12.46), AZT based regimen (AOR = 5.44, 95%CI: 2.24–13.21), no eating green vegetables (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26–4.92) and having plasma viral load >1000 copies /ml (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI: 2.22–13.03) showed significant association with anemia. Conclusion Anemia was the predominant peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children in this study. It was strongly associated with AZT based drug type, age below 10 years and high viral load. Critical stress should be given for early investigation and management of cytopenia in addition to the use of alternative drug which leads to higher viral suppression and lower risk of toxicity issue.

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Proportion of Immediate Postpartum Anaemia and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2020/8979740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Asenake Abebaw ◽

Temesgen Worku Gudayu ◽

Bayew Kelkay

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

Background. Anaemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Postpartum anaemia hurts both maternal and newborn baby health. Anaemia in pregnancy is sufficiently emphasized; however, very little attention has been paid to postpartum anaemia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Markos Referral Hospital. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 study participants from August 1st to October 30th, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected through both face-to-face interview and maternal chart review by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered using Epi Data version 4.6.0.0 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. First, binary logistic regression was applied to identify candidate variables for multivariable regression. Then, variables at p value <0.2 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to control possible confounders. Finally, variables at p value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was 24.3%. Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits <4 times [AOR = 2.40; 95% CI (1.29, 4.43)], antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [AOR = 5.08; 95% CI (1.91, 13.55)], postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) [AOR = 4.47; 95% CI (2.25, 8.88)], giving birth assisted by instruments (vacuum or forceps) [AOR = 3.99; 95% CI (1.42, 11.23)], poor adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI (1.06, 6.04)], and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm [AOR = 3.25; 95% CI (1.87, 5.65)] were the predictors. Conclusion. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was a moderate public health concern. ANC, APH, PPH, mode of delivery, adherence to IFA supplementation, and MUAC measurement were the factors affecting the magnitude of anaemia. Therefore, interventions that would address the above mentioned factors need to be implemented.

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Xerophthalmia and Its Associated Factors among School-Age Children in Amba Giorgis Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/5130904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Gizachew Tilahun Belete ◽

Assefa Lake Fenta ◽

Mohammed Seid Hussen

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Low Income ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

World Health ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Study Participants

Introduction. Xerophthalmia is a general term applied to all the ocular manifestations from night blindness through complete corneal destruction (keratomalacia) due to vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia is the main contributing factors for childhood blindness in developing countries. However, there is limited evidence that can implicate the current situation. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 children, age range of 6 to 12 years. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and ophthalmic examination with different ophthalmic instruments. The analyzed result was summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with xerophthalmia. Variables with a p value of <0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 484 study participants with a response rate of 98.8 were involved in this study, and their median age was 8 years with IQR of 4 years. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was 8.26% (95% CI: 5.8, 10.7). Family income less than 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.31, 16.4), presence of febrile illness (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.49, 6.11), poor consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.80), and nonimmunized status (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.49, 7.89) were significantly associated with xerophthalmia. Conclusions and recommendations. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was high as compared to the World Health Organization criteria for public health significance. Factors identified for xerophthalmia in this study are low income, the poor dietary practice of fruits and vegetables, and the presence of febrile illness and not immunized. Hence, it is a public problem that needs attention.

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Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04302-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengistie Diress ◽

Yitayeh Belsti ◽

Mihret Getnet ◽

Sofonias Addis Fekadu ◽

Baye Dagnew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

City Administration ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with a p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment. Results A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance of visual impairment. Conclusion The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for visual condition during antenatal care visits is recommended. Further investigations of visual changes, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are warranted.

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Utility of routine non-gated CT chest in detection of subclinical atherosclerotic calcifications of coronary arteries in hospitalised HIV patients

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20190462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (1109) ◽

pp. 20190462 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mayil Krishnam ◽

Eun Jin Chae ◽

Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel ◽

Edgar Karangiah ◽

Geeta Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Viral Load ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Cd4 Cell

Objectives: To evaluate coronary artery calcification (CAC) on routine CT chest in hospitalised HIV patients and to assess individual risk factors. Methods: Routine CT chests, May 2010–November 2015, of 143 hospitalised HIV-positive patients were reviewed for qualitative assessment of calcification in major coronary arteries by two radiologists. Presence, location and burden of calcification were evaluated on 3 mm axial images of CT chest. Cardiovascular risk factors and HIV lab parameters such as CD4 count, viral load and duration, and status of antiretroviral treatment were collected. Statistical analysis including multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: Forty-one patients (28.7%) showed CAC, left anterior descending (n = 38, 92.7%), circumflex (n = 18, 43.9%) and Right Coronary Artery (n = 13, 31.7%); mostly mild CAC burden and mostly proximal left coronary arteries with excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreements (K = 0.9, and 1). Age of CAC+ group (53.9 years) was significantly higher than CAC− group (43.4, p < 0.001, minimum age of CAC+, 27 years). No significant difference between two groups in sex, ethnicity and risk factors and HAART status. CAC+ group showed significantly longer HIV duration (12.3 years vs 8.6, p < 0.0344) and higher CD4 cell counts (mean = 355.9 vs 175.3, p = 0.0053) and significantly lower viral load (76 vs 414K, p = 0.02) than CAC− group. On multivariate logistic regression, age, HIV duration and CD4 were significantly associated with CAC+ (p-values < .05). Conclusions: One-third of hospitalised HIV patients showed subclinical CAC on CT chest. HIV duration and age of patients were independent risk factors for developing CAC. Higher CD4 cell count was strongly associated with CAC+. Advances in knowledge: Routine CT chest with or without contrast performed for non-cardiac indications is helpful in identification of subclinical CAC in HIV patients and radiologists should be encouraged to report CAC. CAC is seen in younger age group in HIV, and awareness of this finding on routine CT chest would help guiding clinicians to assess risk stratification for primary prevention of ischemic heart disease in this population at an earlier stage when compared to normal population. Duration of HIV infection and age of patients were independent risk factors for developing CAC in our study and CD4 count was strongly associated with presence of CAC.

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Refractive error and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care unit at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246174

Author(s):

Mengistie Diress ◽

Yigizie Yeshaw ◽

Minychil Bantihun ◽

Baye Dagnew ◽

Adugnaw Ambelu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

The University ◽

Study Participants

Background Refractive error is one of the commonly encountered problems during pregnancy and being the cause of deleterious effects on health. Despite its impacts, there is no evidence on the magnitude and associated factors of refractive error among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of refractive error and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care unit at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed. An ocular examination was performed using Retinoscope and Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart. The required data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which comprised socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables. EpiData 3.02 and STATA 14 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify factors associated with refractive error. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as significantly associated factors with refractive error. Results A total of 401 pregnant women with a median age of 27 (IQR = 24–31) years participated in this study. The overall prevalence of refractive error among the study participants was 35.66% (95% CI: 30.95–40.37). Of the total study participants, ninety-two (22.90%) of them were myopic, forty-five (11.22%) were hyperopic and the rest were antimetropic. Increased maternal age (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16–1.48)), increased parity (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.92–5.25), increased gestational age (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and regular use of computers/ watching television (AOR = 6.19, 95% CI: 2.46–15.59) were significantly associated with refractive error. Conclusion The prevalence of refractive error among pregnant women was high where myopia was the most common variety. Advanced maternal age, increased gestational age, increased parity and regular use of computer or watching television were significantly associated with refractive error among pregnant women. Therefore, apart from providing other maternal health services, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for refractive error during antenatal care visit is recommended to avoid its negative impacts.

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Magnitude of visual impairment and associated factors among patients attending ophthalmic clinics of Debre Markos referral hospital, north West Ethiopia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01863-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haimanot Abebe ◽

Fasil Wagnew ◽

Haymanot Zeleke ◽

Bitew Tefera ◽

Shegaw Tesfa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Care Service ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

North West ◽

Rural Residency ◽

North West Ethiopia ◽

Debre Markos ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Globally, visual impairment affects about 285 million (4.25%) people, of those, 266.4 million were adults aged 18 years and above. Ethiopia is one of developing countries estimated to have high prevalence of visual impairment which have an enormous socio-economic impact. Also there is limited available information regarding with the magnitude of visual impairment among adults in our country at large and east Gojjam zone in specific. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of visual impairment and its associated factors among patients attending Debre Markos Referral Hospital ophthalmic clinics in east Gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Markos Referral Hospital which is the only hospital in east gojjam zone with ophthalmic care service from March 1 to 30, 2020 by using systematic random sampling technique to select study participants after informed consent was obtained. Data were collected by interview with 5% pretested, structured questionnaire and ocular examinations. Data were cleaned, coded and entered to Epi-data version-3.1, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software version 26. The descriptive statistics was presented in tables, text and graphs. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with visual impairment was conducted. Covariates with P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A study was conducted among 312 study participants with 96% response rate. The magnitude of visual impairment was 114 (36.5%) [95% CI, (33.8, 39.2%)]. Age > 50 years [AOR = 3.82; 95% CI (1.56, 9.35)], rural residency [AOR = 4.33 95% CI (1.30, 14.44)], inability to read and write [AOR = 3.21; 95% CI (1.18, 8.73)] and Cataract [AOR = 4.48; 95% CI (1.91, 10.52)] were factors significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusions The overall magnitude of visual impairment was found to be high. Older age, rural residency, inability to read and write and cataract were associated with visual impairment. Increasing literacy, expanded cataract surgery, as well as community based visual acuity screening especially for elders and rural residents is crucial. Zonal police makers should give emphasis on prevention of visual impairment to decrease economic, social and political burden of visual disability.

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Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards preeclampsia and its associated factors in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a multi‐center facility‐based cross‐sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03647-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maru Mekie ◽

Dagne Addisu ◽

Minale Bezie ◽

Abenezer Melkie ◽

Dejen Getaneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Study Participants ◽

South Gondar

Abstract Background Preeclampsia has the greatest impact on maternal mortality which complicates nearly a tenth of pregnancies worldwide. It is one of the top five maternal mortality causes and responsible for 16 % of direct maternal death in Ethiopia. Little is known about the level of knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia in Ethiopia. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia and its associated factors in South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter facility-based cross-sectional study was implemented in four selected hospitals of South Gondar Zone among 423 pregnant women. Multistage random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study sites and the study participants respectively. Data were entered in EpiData version 3.1 while cleaned and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval were used to identify the significance of the association between the level of knowledge on preeclampsia and its predictors. Results In this study, 118 (28.8 %), 120 (29.3 %) of the study participants had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards preeclampsia respectively. The likelihood of having good knowledge on preeclampsia was found to be low among women with no education (AOR = 0.22, 95 % CI (0.06, 0.85)), one antenatal care visit (ANC) (AOR = 0.13, 95 % CI (0.03, 0.59)). Whereas, those who booked for ANC in the first trimester (AOR = 6.59, 95 % CI (1.43, 30.33)), gave the last birth at a health facility (AOR = 2.61, 955 CI (1.03, 6.61)), and experienced a complication during previous births (AOR = 3.67, 95 % CI (1.78, 7.57)) were more likely to be knowledgeable on preeclampsia. Conclusions No formal education and not attending four ANC visits were associated with poor knowledge of preeclampsia. While participants who visited health facilities during the first trimester, who gave birth at health facilities, and those who experienced a complication in previous births were more likely to be knowledgeable on preeclampsia. Improving the numbers of ANC visits and encouraging facility delivery are important measures to improve women’s knowledge on preeclampsia. Health education regarding preeclampsia risk factors, symptoms, and complications shall be emphasized.

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