scholarly journals Reconciling the Plant-Animal Interface: Convergence of Optimal Herbage Accumulation and Intake Rate by Sheep Grazing Tall Fescue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak ◽  
Anibal Moraes ◽  
Reuben Mark Sulc ◽  
David Barker ◽  
Alda Lucia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Schedonorus Arundinaceus ◽  
Gompertz Curve Model

Abstract Aims This study evaluated the optimal herbage level from both plant and animal perspectives, through the adjustment of instantaneous herbage accumulation rate as estimed by the Gompertz curve model and short-term intake rate of sheep. Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue) was used as an experimental model. Methods Weekly tall fescue herbage accumulation was measured during seven growth periods initiated on monthly intervals (October, November, and December 2015, and March, April, August and September 2016) with the initiation dates arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Total herbage mass, leaf lamina mass, pseudo-stem + sheath mass, senescent mass, and sward surface height were measured each week. Results We demonstrated that a pre-grazing sward surface height of 22.3 cm of tall fescue promoted concomitantly the maximum short-term intake rate of sheep and the instantaneous herbage accumulation rate in the spring and autumn periods. In general, the convergent point occurred after the maximum instantaneous leaf lamina accumulation rate and before the maximum instantaneous accumulation rate of pseudo-stem + sheath and senescent material. Conclusions We suggest the existence of a convergent point in which both primary and secondary production of pastoral ecosystems could be fostered, potentially reconciling the fundamental ecological dilemma of grazing systems.

scholarly journals SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN A CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM WITH Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MARCOS DA SILVA BRUM ◽  
THOMAS NEWTON MARTIN ◽  
VINÍCIUS SANTOS DA CUNHA ◽  
LUIZ FERNANDO TELEKEN GRANDO ◽  
ALEX TAGLIAPIETRA SCHONELL
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Livestock System

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (2 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author. 012/2013 and 2013/2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the winter, the black oat and ryegrass pasture was managed with sheep under different grazing systems: (I) - a conventional grazing (CG) system, where the animals remained in the pasture throughout the experimental period without any pasture height control; (II, III, and IV) - systems with post-grazing pasture heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively; and (NG) - one control without grazing. All treatments received two nitrogen doses (50 and 100 kg ha-1) and inoculation or no inoculation (A. brasilense). The soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR was sown using no-tillage on 16 November 2012 and 1 December 2013. In each plot, seven rows of plants with spacing of 0.45 m were used, and in four rows, the seeds were inoculated with the bacterium A. brasilense. The phytomorphological variables and grain productivity were evaluated. In a croplivestock system, soybean has better productivity when established on black oat and ryegrass pasture managed with post-grazing pasture heights of between 20 and 30 cm. Areas under conventional grazing in the winter led to smaller soybean plants with lower first and last pod heights. Inoculation with A. brasilense should not be used alone in soybean cultivation.

scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of a mixed grass-legume pasture in response to maintenance fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mauricio Soares de Andrade ◽  
Judson Ferreira Valentim ◽  
João Batista Martiniano Pereira ◽  
Aliedson Sampaio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Mixed Grass

This study was carried out on a low-productive Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, mixed with Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte (forage peanut), established 13 years ago in a Red-Yellow Latosol in Acre State, western Brazilian Amazon. The purpose was to evaluate the response of this pasture to different fertilizer combinations, aiming at identifying the nutritional factors responsible for the fall of pasture carrying capacity and for the reduced vigor of forage peanut. It was used a randomized complete block design, with three replications and 12 combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, sulfur, and micronutrients (100 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O; 300 kg/ha of dolomitic lime; 30 kg/ha of sulfur and FTE BR-10). Fertilizers were broadcast in 5 × 5-m plots, and the experimental area was isolated from grazing for 35 days. Pasture response to fertilizations showed that nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient to forage production. The other nutrients, applied singly or in a combined way, without nitrogen source, did not change dry matter accumulation rate. Overall, fertilizations with nitrogen provided dry matter accumulation rate of 115 kg/ha/day in comparison to only 32 kg/ha/day when nitrogen was not applied. There was no response from forage peanut to fertilization, so, there are other factors responsible for its reduced vigor of regrowth.

PSXI-19 Impact of toxic-infected tall fescue renovation strategies on second-year hay yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Talbott ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) (TF) pastures to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is a solution to mitigate the negative associated effects of toxic fescue in beef cattle. However, beef cattle producers are uncertain of the payback period for costs associated with renovation techniques in terms of farm profitability and agronomic performance. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Each treatment plot (0.81 ha) was evaluated for botanical composition and hay was harvested in May and August of 2020. Round bales from each treatment were weighed to determine yield and core sampled to determine nutritive value. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Combined forage yield was greater (P = 0.0226) for 3-CM (8,816 kg/ha) compared to 3-SM (7,191 kg/ha) and C (6,920 kg/ha), but did not differ from 1-SM (7,775 kg/ha). Crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.035) for C (10.2%) in comparison to 3-SM (9.35%) in harvest 1, but was not different (P = 0.93) in harvest 2. Percentage of fescue in the sward was greatest (P = 0.0002) for 3-SM and least for C (84.9 and 62%, respectively). Similarly, presence of undesirable plants was greater (P < 0.0001) for C (37.5%) than 1-SM, 3-CM and 3-SM (23.7, 15.2 and 12.7%, respectively). Percentage of bare ground did not differ among treatments (P = 0.31). Data suggest agronomic performance for 3-CM and 3-SM was improved compared to C in years following pasture renovation.

scholarly journals Sward structure and short-term herbage intake in Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte subjected to varying intensities of grazing

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Silva ◽  
C. A. Fialho ◽  
L. R. Carvalho ◽  
L. Fonseca ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Sward Structure

AbstractThe use of forage legumes has been proposed as a means of generating sustainable grazing environments. Their limited use, particularly in tropical pastures, is partially due to the limited knowledge regarding the efficiency of utilization by animals. The present study characterized the sward structure, nutritive value and ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in pastures of peanut cv. Belmonte under continuous stocking management. Treatments corresponded to sward heights of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm, according to a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The following response variables were evaluated: vertical distribution of the morphological components within the sward, forage mass, nutritive value (simulated grazing), bite rate (BR), bite mass (BM) and short-term herbage intake rate (STIR). The top half of the sward height was mainly composed of leaves and the bottom half mainly of stolon and dead material regardless of management height. Greater values of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were recorded during autumn, while higher values of in-vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (0·85) occurred during spring regardless of management height for the grazed stratum. In relation to treatments, greater values of crude protein were recorded on swards managed at 5 cm (0·27) and 10 cm (0·26). Bite rate, BM and STIR varied with sward height, but not with a season of the year. The STIR followed a broken line response to sward height, with increasing values up to 13·1 cm (106 g DM/kg body weight). Sward structure played an important role in determining the STIR. To maximize the STIR of dairy heifers under continuous stocking management, swards should be managed at heights of not <13·1 cm.

scholarly journals Weed Management Methods Influence Growth of `Navaho' Blackberries

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844E-844
Author(s):  
Julia Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Over Time

In Sept.1993, `Navaho' blackberries were planted in raised beds in a converted bermudagrass hay meadow. Tall fescue was planted between the beds. There are three plants per plot and nine replications with 1.3 m between plants, 3 m between plots, and 5 m between rows. Each row is one replication. The plots are 3 m wide and 3.9 m long. Weed management treatments were applied in a randomized complete-block design, and included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cover crop, rye (Secale cereale) cover crop, herbicide (simazine and oryzalin) and hoeing, mowing volunteer vegetation, and hardwood sawdust mulch 8 to 10 cm deep. In Spring 1994 and 1995, data were taken on weed populations in each of the plots. In early 1995, the blackberry plants were measured. Data taken included cane number, cane length, and cane diameter. Early results indicate that the best blackberry plant growth occurred when rows were maintained with no mulch or vegetation by application of herbicides and hoeing. However, these plots sustained significant soil erosion, which may result in decreased plant productivity over time.

scholarly journals HERBAGE PRODUCTION BY RYEGRASS, TALL FESCUE AND PHALARIS AT DIFFERENT STOCKING RATES

1982 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
W. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
The Relationship

Swards of 'Grasslands' Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue and Maru phalaris were grared according to feed budgets to consume the estimated annual requirement of 15, 20 and 25 breeding ewes ha-r. The effects of these 9 grazing systems on seasonal changes of, and interrelationships between standing herbage mass (V), achieved herbage consumption(C) and net herbage accumulation rate(G) are examined. The relationship of G to V varied between seasons, but for a full year G decreased by 3 kg DM ha-r day-r for each 1000 kg DM ha-r Increase of V. Estimated consumption requirements were exceeded at 15 ewes ha-r, were about adequate at 20ewes ha-r, but were deficient at 25 ewes ha-r. 4t 25 ewes ha-r ryegrass provided 28% more consumed herbage than phalaris. Indications are that at stocking rates at which G is near maximum and differences between grass species important, intake, and hence per animal performance, may be restricted.

scholarly journals Selection gains for bunch production in interspecific hybrids between “caiaué” and oil palm

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Alberto Gomes Junior ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Carlos Edmundo Quaresma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate selection gains for bunch production in hybrids obtained from “caiaué” (Elaeis oleifera) parents from the Manicoré population and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parents from the La Mé population, from the third to the eighth year after planting. Thirty-nine full-sibling progenies were evaluated in experiments conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and 12 plants per plot. The genetic gain estimates were 27.6% for the ten best selected F1 individuals, 13.7% for the four best selected progenies from parents of both sexes, 6.4% for the selected progenies of the five best male parents, 6.0% for the selected progenies of the two best families from male parents, and 4.0% for the selected progenies of the best descendants from male parents. Genetic gains for bunch production can be achieved, in the short term, through selection restricted to male parents, and, in the medium term, through selection of both male and female parents and cloning of F1 individuals.

scholarly journals Screening Tall Fescue for Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia zeae Using Digital Image Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Sykes ◽  
Brandon J. Horvath ◽  
David S. McCall ◽  
Antonius B. Baudoin ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

Brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease on tall fescue. Compared with R. solani, Rhizoctonia zeae causes indistinguishable symptoms in the field but varies in geographic distribution. This may contribute to geographic variability observed in the resistance response of improved brown patch–resistant cultivars. This study examined R. solani and R. zeae susceptibility of four cultivars, selected based on brown patch performance in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), and nine plant introductions (PIs). Twenty genotypes per PI/cultivar were evaluated by using four clonal replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions with two repetitions per pathogen. Disease severity was assessed digitally in APS Assess, and analysis of variance and correlations were performed in SAS 9.3. Mean disease severity was higher for R. solani (65%) than for R. zeae (49%) (P = 0.0137). Interaction effects with pathogen were not significant for PI (P = 0.0562) but were for genotype (P < 0.001). Moderately to highly resistant NTEP cultivars compared with remaining PIs exhibited lower susceptibility to R. zeae (P < 0.0001) but did not differ in susceptibility to R. solani (P = 0.7458). Correlations between R. solani and R. zeae disease severity were not significant for either PI (R = 0.06, P = 0.8436) or genotype (R = 0.11, P = 0.09). Breeding for resistance to both pathogens could contribute to a more geographically stable resistance response. Genotypes were identified with improved resistance to R. solani (40), R. zeae (122), and both pathogens (26).

scholarly journals Weed Interference on Growth and Leaf Nutrient Accumulation in Two Cassava Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moratelli ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Hiago Canavessi ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Marcos Antonio Sedrez Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The development of cassava varieties with more efficient nutrient absorption can prevent losses caused by weed competition. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter accumulation and leaf nutrient content in traditional and improved cassava varieties, with and without coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 x 11 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties (Baianinha and Clone 56-03); the second factor was composed of the conditions with and without coexistence with weeds, and the third factor was 11 harvest periods. Coexistence with weeds reduced leaf contents of N (20.8% and 24.8%), P (26.7% and 4.6%) and K (27.1% and 12.6%) for 'Baianinha' and 'Clone 56-03', respectively. For coexistence with 'Baianinha', the period up to the maximum daily nutrient accumulation rate (N, P and K) ranged from 82 to 99 days after planting (DAP), while for 'Clone 56-03', coexistence in this period ranged from 80 to 88 DAP. The plants from the variety 'Clone 56-03' presented higher total dry mass and root dry mass accumulation, as well as higher leaf contents of N, P and K than the traditional cassava variety 'Baianinha', especially when in coexistence with weeds during the whole cycle.

scholarly journals Short Term Red Amaranth Growth With Urea as N Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
MY Miah ◽  
MR Das ◽  
J Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
N Source ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was conducted at the farm of Banghobondhu Shekh Mogibur Rahman Agriculture University, Gazipur during the period of November to December, 2010 to enhance the production of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor cv: BARI lal shak 1) through the improvement of growth and yield of red amaranth by optimizing the appropriate levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising six treatments with four replication each. The treatment combinations were T0 (0 kg N ha-1), T1 (50 kg N ha-1), T2 (75 kg N ha-1), T3 (100 kg N ha-1), T4 (125 kg N ha-1) and T5 (150 kg N ha-1), respectively. Amounts of N, P, K and S applied from urea, TSP, MOP and gypsum were 68, 23, 17 and 4 kg ha-1, respectively. Data on plant height, leaf number, root-shoot growth and dry weight along with yield and BCR (benefit cost ratio) indicated that urea applied at the rate of 150 kg N ha-1 had a significant (p<0.01) effect on the short term growth and yield of red amaranth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22047 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 99-102 2013

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