scholarly journals The Dark Side of Nighttime All-Terrain Vehicle Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anthony Jennissen ◽  
Nicholas R Stange ◽  
AnnaMarie Fjeld ◽  
Gerene M Denning
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Statistical Computation ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Driving at night is considered a risk factor for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes and injuries but few studies have addressed this issue. Our objective was to compare daytime and nighttime ATV crashes to better understand the potential risk factors associated with riding at night. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on Iowa ATV-related crashes and injuries from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2019 using four statewide datasets: the Iowa Department of Transportation (2002-2019), the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (2002-2019), the Iowa State Trauma Registry (2002-2018) and Iowa newspaper clippings (2009-2019). A standardized coding system was developed, and matching records were identified using Link Plus®. Descriptive (frequencies) and bivariate (chi-square, Fishers exact test) analyses were performed using VassarStats (Statistical Computation Website).ResultsAmong crash victims where light conditions were documented (2125/3752, 57%), about one-quarter (485/2125, 23%) were injured at night. Nighttime crash victims were less likely youth (14% vs. 30%, p<0.0001), less likely to be wearing helmets (11% vs. 18%, p=0.003), and less frequently involved in motor vehicle crashes (7% vs. 14%, p<0.0001) as compared to daytime victims. Nighttime victims were also more likely to be passengers (22% vs. 15%, p=0.002), to test positive for alcohol (44% vs. 13% in adults, p<0.0001), and to be injured on a roadway (53% vs. 45%, p=0.007) and on weekends (76% vs. 63%, p<0.0001). Numerous differences between daytime and nighttime characteristics were observed for males, females, and adults, whereas most characteristics were similar for youth. The severity of injuries and proportion of fatalities were similar among daytime and nighttime crash victims.ConclusionsNighttime crash victims, particularly adults, were characterized by more frequent risky behaviors like carrying passengers, roadway riding, alcohol use, and lack of helmets. Whereas the frequency of risky behaviors among youth was similar for daytime and nighttime crashes, these behaviors put children at potential risk for injury. Multi-factorial, targeted injury prevention strategies are needed, including improved vehicle design, education about the dangers of nighttime operation, and passage and enforcement of ATV safety laws. Particularly relevant to our study are laws that prohibit nighttime riding.

scholarly journals The dark side of nighttime all-terrain vehicle use

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Jennissen ◽  
Nicholas R. Stange ◽  
AnnaMarie Fjeld ◽  
Gerene M. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Statistical Computation ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Driving at night is considered a risk factor for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes and injuries but few studies have addressed this issue. Our objective was to compare daytime and nighttime ATV crashes to better understand the potential risk factors associated with riding at night. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on Iowa ATV-related crashes and injuries from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2019 using four statewide datasets: the Iowa Department of Transportation (2002–2019), the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (2002–2019), the Iowa State Trauma Registry (2002–2018) and Iowa newspaper clippings (2009–2019). A standardized coding system was developed, and matching records were identified using Link Plus®. Descriptive (frequencies) and bivariate (chi-square, Fisher's exact test) analyses were performed using VassarStats (Statistical Computation Website). Results Among crash victims where light conditions were documented (2125/3752, 57%), about one-quarter (485/2125, 23%) were injured at night. Nighttime crash victims were less likely youth (14% vs. 30%, p < 0.0001), less likely to be wearing helmets (11% vs. 18%, p = 0.003), and less frequently involved in motor vehicle crashes (7% vs. 14%, p < 0.0001) as compared to daytime victims. Nighttime victims were also more likely to be passengers (22% vs. 15%, p = 0.002), to test positive for alcohol (44% vs. 13% in adults, p < 0.0001), and to be injured on a roadway (53% vs. 45%, p = 0.007) and on weekends (76% vs. 63%, p < 0.0001). Numerous differences between daytime and nighttime characteristics were observed for males, females, and adults, whereas most characteristics were similar for youth. The severity of injuries and proportion of fatalities were similar among daytime and nighttime crash victims. Conclusions Nighttime crash victims, particularly adults, were characterized by more frequent risky behaviors like carrying passengers, roadway riding, alcohol use, and lack of helmets. Whereas the frequency of risky behaviors among youth was similar for daytime and nighttime crashes, these behaviors put children at potential risk for injury. Multi-factorial, targeted injury prevention strategies are needed, including improved vehicle design, education about the dangers of nighttime operation, and passage and enforcement of ATV safety laws. Particularly relevant to our study are laws that prohibit nighttime riding.

scholarly journals Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Its Predictors in North Shewa, Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Mohammed ◽  
Hailemariam Kefyalew ◽  
Dawit Kassaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
The Face ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Calf morbidity is an important productivity factor that results in huge economic losses in the success of livestock production in Ethiopia. However, there is no robust information on its rate and its predictors in the mixed crop livestock production system as most studies are targeted to intensive dairy farms. A longitudinal study design was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 in Siyadeber and Wayu districts of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A total of 135 apparently healthy calves were enrolled from randomly selected fifty-fifty households in three Kebeles of the district, namely, Gash-amba, Siyadeber, and Wale-deneba. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about the potential risk factors upon the face-to-face interview made with the owners. Calves were monitored for the incidence of morbidity in a weekly visit basis, and any clinical abnormalities were recorded on registries. The chi-square and Fisher’s exact test followed by Generalized Linear Models for binomial family extensions for risk estimate were run, and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study, the overall incidence rate of calf morbidity among under six months of age was 388 calves per 100,000 days of follow-up, with a cumulative incidence of 34.1% (95% CI: 26.1–42.7). Calf diarrhea, pneumonia, septicemia, dehydration, and navel ill were the encountered health problems consecutively. Among the potential risk factors, calves from Siyadeber Kebele (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.13–3.94), calves housed with other livestock (RR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.10–3.80), housed with their dam (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20–3.05), without bedding (RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.20–2.94), and calves whose dam age ranges from 5 to 8 years (RR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.05–3.35) were found to be predictors of calf morbidity. In general, the high calf morbidity rates established in this study together with the alarming predictors of calf morbidity entail attention by the concerning bodies on proper management and improved health care so as to reduce the calf morbidity.

scholarly journals High preterm birth at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sungkar ◽  
Adly N.A. Fattah ◽  
Raymond Surya ◽  
Budi I. Santoso ◽  
Ivica Zalud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Background: Preterm birth is the leading direct that causes neonatal death. Indonesia was listed as one of the countries with the greatest number of preterm birth in 2010. This study aims to identify the prevalence and the potential risk factors of preterm birth among women underwent delivery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, an Indonesian national reference hospital.Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 2,612 women who delivered between January and December 2013. Any clinical data which related to the potential risk factors and outcomes were recorded. The data were managed using chi-square for bivariate analysis and t-test or Mann-Whitney for numerical data followed by multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis in SPSS version 20.0.Results: Preterm birth affected 1,020 of 2,616 pregnancies (38.5%). Non-booked patients increased nearly twice risk for preterm delivery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37–2.61). While women with singleton pregnancy (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.12–0.25), head presentation (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.89), and regular ANC (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84) had lower risk for preterm birth. Apgar score, birthweight, and mode of delivery were significantly different between the pre-term group and the full-term group.Conclusion: Prevalence of preterm birth in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was approximately 2.5 times higher compared to the national number. Several factors reducing preterm birth rate include singleton pregnancy, head presentation, and regular ANC.

scholarly journals 2791. Burden of Respiratory Infections in Trainees Higher Than Healthcare Records Indicate: Results from an Anonymous Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S986-S986
Author(s):  
Stephanie Richard ◽  
Patrick Danaher ◽  
Brian White ◽  
Katrin Mende ◽  
Timothy Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) are common in military populations, particularly among trainees, and can impair mission-readiness. To develop effective preventive measures against ILIs, it is vital to understand the ILI burden in the military population and identify potential risk factors for infection. Methods Anonymous ILI surveys were administered from January 2017 to March 2019 to military medical trainees living in a congregated setting on Fort Sam Houston (JBSA-FSH), TX. The surveys included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, weight, height, smoking status, activity level, as well as some basic questions about ILI and potential risk factors. Factors associated with ILI were identified using chi-square, t-tests, and multivariate models. Results 2,381 surveys were returned that included age, sex, and ILI information. Respondents were 16–54 years old, 1,301 (55%) were male, 782 (33%) were Air Force, 817 (34%) were Army, and 763 (32%) were Navy/Marines. 39% of those surveyed (929) reported having experienced an ILI during their training with 40% (370) seeking healthcare for those symptoms. The primary reasons for seeking healthcare included the severity of the illness (59%), concern about spreading the illness (50%), and the accessibility of healthcare (41%). 53% of the respondents reported that ILI had an impact on their performance, among whom 77% stated reduced study time, 66% missing physical training, and 53% missed class. The final multivariate model indicates that men and participants 30+ years old were less likely to report ILI (OR 0.69 (0.58, 0.82); OR 0.65, (0.45, 0.94)) (Figure 1). In addition, participants who reported washing their hands after they coughed or sneezed were less likely to report having had an ILI (OR 0.73 (0.61, 0.89)). Conclusion Although 39% of respondents reported having an ILI during their training, only 40% sought healthcare, indicating that ILIs are more common during training than healthcare records indicate. More information is needed regarding how training outcomes vary among those with ILI who seek care, those with ILI who do not seek care and those without ILI during training, to allow a better estimate of the impact of ILI and development of ILI mitigation strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis in an ambulatory population of dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa P. Souza ◽  
Regina R. Ramadinha ◽  
Fabio B. Scott ◽  
Maria Júlia S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Otodectes Cynotis

The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs assisted at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 250 dogs were examined through direct smear of ear samples using a stereoscopic microscope, for the parasitological diagnostic. All dog owners were interviewed and data regarding the animals and their environments were individually recorded. Mite infestation was observed in 15 animals, with a prevalence of 6%. The variables were tested regarding their association with the mites, using the χ2 test and, when appropriate, the Fisher exact test. There were no evidences that age (p = 0,20), sex (p = 0,31), breed (p = 0,50), shape of ear (p = 0,66), type (p = 0,19) and length of hair (p = 0,14) and contact with other animals (p = 0,06) could act as potential risk factors for O. cynotis infestation. However, living environment (p = 0,03) and frequency of environmental cleaning (p = 0,005) may facilitate the infestation. The occurrence of pruritus was associated to the presence of mites (p<0,001), suggesting to be an effect of the parasitism.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Fatalities during Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Tang ◽  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
Motao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors. Results: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds. Both sexes, all years, age <65, drivers and passengers, rural and urban, and all regions in the United States were at increased risk during the holiday versus non-holiday periods.

scholarly journals Where to Ride? An Explorative Study to Investigate Potential Risk Factors of Personal Mobility Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Jihun Oh ◽  
Jeongseob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Analysis System

As a mobility of future, the popularity of personal mobility vehicles (PMs) is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, this boom in the use of PMs has resulted in a substantial number of accidents involving not only PM users but also other road users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicle drivers. This study aims to explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of PM-related accidents and the resulting injury severity using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) of South Korea between 2017 and 2019. We found that PM–pedestrian accidents tend to occur on roads with wider sidewalks and bike lanes, possibly because the pedestrian–PM conflict increases in this road condition. There is still ongoing debate on whether it is appropriate for PMs to share the sidewalk with pedestrians. Some countries, including Korea, prohibit the use of PMs on sidewalks; however, in reality, this regulation is not well-observed because using PMs on roadways involves higher crash risk with motor vehicles. This study suggests one potential solution to ensure safety of PM users: expansion of bike lane infrastructure having physically separated bike lanes and sidewalks/motorways in addition to the formation and strict enforcement of appropriate safety rules for PM users.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

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