scholarly journals Sex-specific Relationships Between Il-3, Il-7 and Lipids in African Americans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Williams ◽  
Catherine Wooten ◽  
Quantil Melendez ◽  
Natasha Greene ◽  
Dayami Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose: Obesity, a complex chronic disorder characterized by the enlargement of adipose tissue, has a multifactorial etiology. Adipose tissue is now recognized as an active tissue in the regulation of inflammation. Sex chromosome genes and hormones influences immune responses between males and females. Inflammation is rampant in obesity due to the expansion of visceral adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance resulting in type-2 diabetes (T2D). Differences in sex may lead to varied immune responses to T2D.Methods: A total of 116 serum samples were collected from African Americans: 68 women and 48 men. All participants had a BMI > 30. This group consists of 49 normal HbA1c and 71 high HbA1c participants. This study was designed to determine the impact of current circulating glucose on current serum IL-3 and IL-7 levels.Results:Serum cytokine levels are influenced by circulating high glucose and it varies based on sex. We found in women, IL-3 and IL-7 levels were upregulated 1.7-fold in the presence of high circulating glucose. In men, IL-3 levels were downregulated 1.5-fold and IL-7 levels downregulated 1.3-fold in the presence of high circulating glucose. IL-3 and IL-7 serum levels are also correlated with several lipid parameters.Conclusion: IL-3 and IL-7 are members of a complex network of cytokines that play a role in chronic inflammation. Inflammatory signaling impact several diseases including obesity, T2D, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. A better understanding of the pathological signaling of cytokines will help facilitate our understanding of inflammation in these diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of SERPINA1 Gene and Its Encoded Alpha1-antitrypsin Protein in NSCLC

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercetin ◽  
Richtmann ◽  
Delgado ◽  
Gomez-Mariano ◽  
Wrenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serpina1 Gene ◽  
Alpha1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: High expression of SERPINA1 gene encoding acute phase protein, alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), is associated with various tumors. We sought to examine the significance of SERPINA1 and AAT protein in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines. Tumor and adjacent non-tumor lung tissues and serum samples from 351 NSCLC patients were analyzed for SERPINA1 expression and AAT protein levels. We also studied the impact of SERPINA1 expression and AAT protein on H1975 and H661 cell behavior, in vitro. Lower SERPINA1 expression in tumor but higher in adjacent non-tumor lung tissues (n = 351, p = 0.016) as well as higher serum levels of AAT protein (n = 170, p = 0.033) were associated with worse survival rates. Specifically, in NSCLC stage III patients, higher blood AAT levels (>2.66 mg/mL) correlated with a poor survival (p = 0.002). Intriguingly, levels of serum AAT do not correlate with levels of C-reactive protein, neutrophils-to-leukocyte ratio, and do not correlate with SERPINA1 expression or AAT staining in the tumor tissue. Additional experiments in vitro revealed that external AAT and/or overexpressed SERPINA1 gene significantly improve cancer cell migration, colony formation and resistance to apoptosis. SERPINA1 gene and AAT protein play an active role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and not just reflect inflammatory reaction related to cancer development.

Abstract P232: Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants than African-Americans: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Sumner ◽  
Michelle Y O'Connor ◽  
Caroline K Thoreson ◽  
Madia Ricks ◽  
Amber B Courville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
Immigrant Effect ◽  
Visceral Adipose

In decades past, African immigrants were considered to have better cardiometabolic health than African Americans. Whether this health advantage continues to exist in the 21st century is unknown. To explore differences in markers of cardiometabolic health, oral glucose tolerance tests, blood pressure (BP), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the waist circumference (WC) which predicts insulin resistance were compared in 210 men (134 African immigrants, 76 African Americans, mean age 36±9y (mean±SD), range 20-64y) who self-identified as healthy. Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (SI≤2•28mU/L-1.min-1). Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index were used to identify the WC which optimally predicts insulin resistance. BMI was lower in African immigrants than African Americans (27.4±3.9 vs. 29.3±5.5kg/m2, P<0.01). Adjusting for BMI, WC did not differ between groups (93±5 vs. 94±5cm, P=0.55); but African immigrants had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (P<0.001) higher BP (P≤0.01), higher fasting glucose (P≤0.001) and 2h glucose (P<0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes (7% (9 of 134) vs. 0% (0 of 76), P<0.01) and pre-diabetes (35% (47 of 134) vs. 22% (17 of 76), P<0.01). Degree of insulin resistance did not differ in African immigrants and African Americans (4.17±2.88 vs. 4.24±2.61 (mU/L)-1 .min-1, P=0.88). Yet, the WC which optimally predicted insulin resistance was lower in African immigrants than African Americans, specifically 92 cm and 102 cm, respectively. As African immigrants had higher VAT, BP and glucose levels than African Americans, the healthy immigrant effect may no longer be a valid concept. As insulin resistance occurred at a lower WC in African immigrants than African Americans, lower BMI in African immigrants does not appear to provide protection from cardiometabolic risk.

Epigenetic Downregulation of FASN in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Insulin Resistant Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Sievert ◽  
Christin Krause ◽  
Cathleen Geißler ◽  
Martina Grohs ◽  
Alexander T. El-Gammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Objective The risk to develop type 2 diabetes increases with the amount of visceral adiposity presumably due to increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid accumulation in visceral organs. However, data describing the molecular regulation of these pathways in humans are rare. We tested if genes of the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are associated with glucose intolerance independently of obesity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects. Moreover, we studied DNA methylation of FASN (fatty acid synthase), that catalyses the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, in VAT of the same subjects and whether it is associated with metabolic traits. Subjects and methods Visceral adipose tissue biopsies and blood samples were taken from 93 severely obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Subjects were grouped in low HbA1c (L-HbA1c, HbA1c<6.5 %) and high HbA1c (H-HbA1c, HbA1c≥6.5 %) groups and expression of genes from the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways was analysed by TaqMan qPCR. DNA methylation of FASN was quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing. Results FASN expression was downregulated in visceral fat from subjects with high HbA1c (p = 0.00009). Expression of other lipogenetic (SCD, ELOVL6) or lipolytic genes (ADRB3, PNPLA2) and FABP4 was not changed. DNA methylation of FASN was increased at a regulatory ChoRE recognition site in the H-HbA1c-subgroup and correlated negatively with FASN mRNA (r = − 0.302, p = 0.0034) and positively with HbA1c (r = 0.296, p = 0.0040) and blood glucose (r = 0.363, p = 0.0005). Conclusions Epigenetic downregulation of FASN in visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects might contribute to limited de novo lipogenesis of important insulin sensitizing fatty acids and could thereby contribute to glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes independently of obesity.

scholarly journals Aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in immune-mediated optic neuritis at long-term follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Petzold ◽  
Mark Woodhall ◽  
Z Khaleeli ◽  
W Oliver Tobin ◽  
Sean J Pittock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo re-evaluate serum samples from our 2007 cohort of patients with single-episode isolated ON (SION), recurrent isolated ON (RION), chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION), multiple sclerosis-associated ON (MSON) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO).MethodsWe re-screened 103/114 patients with available serum on live cell-based assays (CBA) for aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-M23-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-α1-IgG. Further testing included oligoclonal bands, serum levels of glial fibrillar acidic and neurofilament proteins and S100B. We show the impact of updated serology on these patients.ResultsReanalysis of our original cohort revealed that AQP4-IgG seropositivity increased from 56% to 75% for NMO, 5% to 22% for CRION, 6% to 7% for RION, 0% to 7% for MSON and 5% to 6% for SION. MOG-IgG1 was identified in 25% of RION, 25% of CRION, 10% of SION, 0% of MSON and 0% of NMO. As a result, patients have been reclassified incorporating their autoantibody status. Presenting visual acuity was significantly worse in patients who were AQP4-IgG seropositive (p=0.034), but there was no relationship between antibody seropositivity and either ON relapse rate or visual acuity outcome.ConclusionsThe number of patients with seronegative CRION and RION has decreased due to improved detection of autoantibodies over the past decade. It remains essential that the clinical phenotype guides both antibody testing and clinical management. Careful monitoring of the disease course is key when considering whether to treat with prophylactic immune suppression.

Progranulin serum levels and gene expression in subcutaneous vs visceral adipose tissue of severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Brock ◽  
Andreas Schmid ◽  
Thomas Karrasch ◽  
Petra Pfefferle ◽  
Jutta Schlegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhances antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
pp. eabj0847
Author(s):  
Richard A Urbanowicz ◽  
Theocharis Tsoleridis ◽  
Hannah J Jackson ◽  
Lola Cusin ◽  
Joshua D Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Antigenic Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prior Infection

Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of healthcare workers followed serologically since April 2020. All 45 individuals had received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BTN162b2 vaccine with a delayed booster at 10 weeks. Absolute and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were measured using enzyme immunoassays and pseudotype neutralization assays. We observed antibody reactivity against lineage A, B.1.351 and P.1 variants with increasing antigenic exposure, either through vaccination or natural infection. This improvement was further confirmed in neutralization assays using fixed dilutions of serum samples. The impact of antigenic exposure was more evident in enzyme immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG antibody concentrations. Our data show that multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the context of a delayed booster expand the neutralizing breadth of the antibody response to neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that additional vaccine boosts may be beneficial in improving immune responses against future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

scholarly journals DNA methylation in the adipose tissue and whole blood of Agent Orange-exposed Operation Ranch Hand veterans: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Rytel ◽  
Rondi Butler ◽  
Melissa Eliot ◽  
Joseph M. Braun ◽  
E. Andres Houseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Health Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Between 1962 and 1971, the US Air Force sprayed Agent Orange across Vietnam, exposing many soldiers to this dioxin-containing herbicide. Several negative health outcomes have been linked to Agent Orange exposure, but data is lacking on the effects this chemical has on the genome. Therefore, we sought to characterize the impact of Agent Orange exposure on DNA methylation in the whole blood and adipose tissue of veterans enrolled in the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). Methods We received adipose tissue (n = 37) and whole blood (n = 42) from veterans in the AFHS. Study participants were grouped as having low, moderate, or high TCDD body burden based on their previously measured serum levels of dioxin. DNA methylation was assessed using the Illumina 450 K platform. Results Epigenome-wide analysis indicated that there were no FDR-significantly methylated CpGs in either tissue with TCDD burden. However, 3 CpGs in the adipose tissue (contained within SLC9A3, LYNX1, and TNRC18) were marginally significantly (q < 0.1) hypomethylated, and 1 CpG in whole blood (contained within PTPRN2) was marginally significantly (q < 0.1) hypermethylated with high TCDD burden. Analysis for differentially methylated DNA regions yielded SLC9A3, among other regions in adipose tissue, to be significantly differentially methylated with higher TCDD burden. Comparing whole blood data to a study of dioxin exposed adults from Alabama identified a CpG within the gene SMO that was hypomethylated with dioxin exposure in both studies. Conclusion We found limited evidence of dioxin associated DNA methylation in adipose tissue and whole blood in this pilot study of Vietnam War veterans. Nevertheless, loci in the genes of SLC9A3 in adipose tissue, and PTPRN2 and SMO in whole blood, should be included in future exposure analyses.

Abdominal Adiposity in Collegiate Football Linemen: A Study of Race and Position

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Gabrielle J. Brewer ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
American Football ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAmerican football linemen are at an increased risk for developing obesity-related diseases. This study evaluated the impact of race and position on abdominal fat (visceral adipose tissue and android fat percentage) in football linemen. Thirty-four offensive and defensive linemen (%fat: 27.1±7.2%) completed a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan to estimate visceral fat and android fat percentage. Participants were stratified by race [Black: n=23; White: n=11] and position (Offense: n=18; Defense: n=16). Two separate two-way ANOVA tests [race × position] were completed. For visceral adipose tissue, there was no interaction (p=0.056), but there was an effect of race (Black: 0.57±0.34 kg; White: 1.51±0.56 kg; p <0.001) and position (Offense: 1.22±0.60 kg; Defense: 0.49±0.34 kg; p<0.001). For android fat percentage, there was no interaction (p=0.855) or race effect (Black: 31.5±11.3%; White: 40.9±8.6%; p=0.123); there was a position effect (Offense: 42.1±5.6%; Defense: 26.0±9.9%; p<0.001). Offensive linemen, regardless of race, had greater visceral adipose tissue and android fat percent compared to defensive linemen. White linemen had greater visceral adipose tissue, regardless of position. These results suggest football linemen, especially offensive linemen with increased abdominal adiposity, may benefit from tracking metabolic health during their collegiate career to mitigate obesity-related disease risk once retired from sport.

Subclinical Inflammation and Adipose Tissue Lymphocytes in Pregnant Females With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cinkajzlová ◽  
Kateřina Anderlová ◽  
Patrik Šimják ◽  
Zdeňka Lacinová ◽  
Jana Kloučková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Context Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by subclinical inflammation; however, little is known about local inflammation in adipose tissue and placenta. Objective To analyze systemic and local subclinical inflammation and adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype in pregnant women with and without GDM. Design Observational study. Settings Academic hospital. Patients Twenty-one pregnant women with GDM (GDM group), 16 pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM group) and 15 nonpregnant control women (N group). Interventions Serum samples taken at 28 to 32 (visit 1 [V1]) and 36 to 38 (V2) gestational weeks and 6 to 12 months after delivery (V3) in the GDM and non-GDM group and before elective gynecological surgery in the N group. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained during cesarean delivery or surgery. Main Outcome Measures Serum levels and adipose tissue expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype (for a subset of GDM and non-GDM subjects). Results Accented proinflammatory state in GDM was documented by increased circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In both groups of pregnant females total lymphocytes were higher in VAT compared to SAT. In GDM subjects B cells and NKT cells were higher in SAT compared to VAT and T helper cells were increased relative to SAT of non-GDM group, while no intercompartmental adipose tissue differences were seen in non-GDM women. Conclusions Pregnant females had higher total lymphocyte count in VAT relative to SAT regardless of GDM. In addition to increased systemic subclinical inflammation, GDM was associated with significant differences in lymphocyte composition between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots.

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