Population Based Cohort Study of Fetal Deaths, and Neonatal and Perinatal Mortality at Term Within a Somali Diaspora

Abstract Background: Delivery among Somali women occurs later, we have no information on the associated perinatal mortality. Our objective is to compare perinatal mortality among Somali women with the population rates.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study 2011-2017. Information was obtained from certificates of birth, neonatal and fetal death through data use agreement signed between the Minnesota Department of Health and the University of Minnesota. Data derived from 470,550 non-anomalous births >20 weeks of gestation in Minnesota 2011-2017. We included all U.S. born White, U.S. born Black, women born in Somalia or self-identified as Somali, and women who identified as Hispanic regardless of place of birth (377,426), and excluded births <37 weeks and >42 weeks, > 1 fetus, age <18 or >45 years, or women of other ethnicities. The exposure was documented ethnicity or place of birth, and the outcomes were live birth, fetal death, neonatal death prior to 28 days, and perinatal mortality rates. These were calculated using binomial proportions with 95% confidence intervals and compared using odds ratios (aOR) adjusted for diabetes, hypertension and maternal body mass index.Results: The aOR for fetal and neonatal death in the Somali cohort was greater than for U.S. born White (aOR, 2.05 [95%CI: 1.49 - 2.83], aOR 1.84 [95%CI: 1.36 - 2.48]) and Hispanic women (aOR, 1.90 [95%CI: 1.30 - 2.79] and 1.47 [95%CI: 1.05 - 2.06] respectively). Limiting the analysis to those with spontaneous onset of labor (SOL) did not modify the results. This effect persisted up to 41 weeks after which the risk was similar to that of U.S. born White women but lower than for U.S. born Black women and Hispanic women.Conclusions: Despite greater mean gestational age, Somali fetal death rates are similar to population rates. Neonatal mortality is increased compared with White women, but similar to that of other minorities in Minnesota. Somali neonatal mortality decreased and was comparable to that of the White population after 41 weeks.

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Population based cohort study of fetal deaths, and neonatal and perinatal mortality at term within a Somali diaspora

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04163-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Contag ◽

Rahel Nardos ◽

Irina A. Buhimschi ◽

Jennifer Almanza

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Black Women ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Place Of Birth ◽

Death Rates ◽

Somali Women

Abstract Background Somali women deliver at greater gestational age with limited information on the associated perinatal mortality. Our objective is to compare perinatal mortality among Somali women with the population rates. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from all births that occurred in Minnesota between 2011 and 2017. Information was obtained from certificates of birth, and neonatal and fetal death. Data was abstracted from 470,550 non-anomalous births ≥37 and ≤ 42 weeks of gestation. The study population included U.S. born White, U.S. born Black, women born in Somalia or self-identified as Somali, and women who identified as Hispanic regardless of place of birth (377,426). We excluded births < 37 weeks and > 42 weeks, > 1 fetus, age < 18 or > 45 years, or women of other ethnicities. The exposure was documented ethnicity or place of birth, and the outcomes were live birth, fetal death, neonatal death prior to 28 days, and perinatal mortality rates. These were calculated using binomial proportions with 95% confidence intervals and compared using odds ratios adjusted (aOR) for diabetes, hypertension and maternal body mass index. Results The aOR [95%CI] for stillbirth rate in the Somali cohort was greater than for U.S. born White (2.05 [1.49–2.83]) and Hispanic women (1.90 [1.30–2.79]), but similar to U.S. born Black women (0.88 [0.57–1.34]). Neonatal death rates were greater than for U.S. born White (1.84 [1.36–2.48], U.S. born Black women (1.47 [1.04–2.06]) and Hispanic women (1.47 [1.05–2.06]). This did not change after analysis was restricted to those with spontaneous onset of labor. When analyzed by week, at 42 weeks Somali aOR for neonatal death was the same as for U.S. born White women, but compared against U.S. born Black and Hispanic women, was significantly lower. Conclusions The later mean gestational age at delivery among women of Somali ethnicity is associated with greater overall risk for stillbirth and neonatal death rates at term, except compared against U.S. born Black women with whom stillbirth rates were not different. At 42 weeks, Somali neonatal mortality decreased and was comparable to that of the U.S. born White population and was lower than that of the other minorities.

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Discordance Between Perinatal Alcohol Use Among Women and Provider Counseling for Alcohol Use: An Assessment of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354920984146 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492098414

Author(s):

Erika L. Thompson ◽

Tracey E. Barnett ◽

Dana M. Litt ◽

Erica C. Spears ◽

Melissa A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Universal Screening ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Pregnancy Risk ◽

Health Insurance Status ◽

Prenatal Alcohol Use ◽

Prenatal Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Counseling

Objective In the United States, guidelines indicate all pregnant women should be screened for and counseled on alcohol use to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes due to alcohol consumption. The objective of this study was to describe sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of prenatal alcohol counseling and perinatal alcohol use among US women. Methods State health departments collected data for the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Phase 7 during 2012-2015, and we restricted the sample to a complete case analysis (N = 135 111). The 3 dichotomous outcomes were preconception alcohol use (3 months before pregnancy), prenatal alcohol use (during last 3 months of pregnancy), and prenatal alcohol counseling. Predictor variables were age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, marital status, health insurance status, and previous live births. We estimated survey-weighted logistic regression models for each outcome. Results Half (56.0%) of pregnant women reported preconception alcohol use, 70.5% received prenatal alcohol counseling, and 7.7% reported prenatal alcohol use during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Black women were significantly less likely than White women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.46-0.52) and Hispanic women were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic women (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.66) to report preconception alcohol use. We found similar patterns for prenatal alcohol use among Black women. Black women were significantly more likely than White women (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.55-1.77) and Hispanic women were significantly more likely than non-Hispanic women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.40-1.61) to receive prenatal alcohol counseling. We found similar patterns for age, education, and health insurance status. Conclusion Disparities in alcohol counseling occurred despite the national recommendation for universal screening and counseling prenatally. Continued integration of universal screening for alcohol use during pregnancy is needed.

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Abstract MP008: Racial Differences in Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25(OH)D and PTH Levels and CVD Risk Among Postmenopausal Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.mp008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Xi Zhang ◽

Wanzhu Tu ◽

Lesley Tinker ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

Simin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Black Women ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Racial Differences ◽

White Women ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Black And White ◽

Circulating Levels

Background: Recent evidence suggests that racial differences in circulating levels of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D may explain the apparent racial disparities in cardiovascular disease(CVD).However, few prospective studies have directly tested this hypothesis. Objective: Our study prospectively examined black white differences in the associations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels at baseline with incident CVD in a large, multi-ethnic, geographically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. Method: We conducted a case-cohort study among 79,705 black and non-Hispanic white postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years and free of CVD at baseline in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). We included a randomly chosen subcohort of 1,300 black and 1,500 white noncases at baseline and a total of 550 black and 1,500 white women who developed incident CVD during the follow up. We directly measured circulating levels of total 25(OH)D, VDBP (monoclonal antibody assay), albumin, and PTH and calculated free and bioavailable vitamin D levels. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used while adjusting for known CVD risk factors. Results: At baseline, white women had higher mean levels of total 25(OH)D and VDBP and lower mean levels of free and bioavailable 25(OH)D and PTH than black women (all P values < 0.0001). White cases had lower levels of total 25(OH)D and VDBP and higher levels of PTH than white noncases, while black cases had higher levels of PTH than black noncases (all P values < 0.05). There was a trend toward an increased CVD risk associated with low total 25(OH)D and VDBP levels or elevated PTH levels in both US black and white women. In the multivariable analyses, the total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D, and VDBP were not significantly associated with CVD risk in black or white women. A statistically significant association between higher PTH levels and increased CVD risk persisted in white women, however. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] comparing the extreme quartiles of PTH were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.06-1.77; P-trend=0.02) for white women and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79-1.58; P-trend=0.37) for black women. This positive association among white women was also independent of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D or VDBP. There were no significant interactions with other pre-specified factors, including BMI, season of blood draw, sunlight exposure, recreational physical activity, sitting time, or renal function. Interpretation: Findings from a large multiethnic case-cohort study of US black and white postmenopausal women do not support the notion that circulating levels of vitamin D biomarkers may explain black-white disparities in CVD but indicate that PTH excess may be an independent risk factor for CVD in white women.

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripartum Hysterectomy Risk and Outcomes

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729879 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret H. Bogardus ◽

Timothy Wen ◽

Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman ◽

Jason D. Wright ◽

Dena Goffman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Intraoperative Complications ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Peripartum Hysterectomy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Surgical Site Complications ◽

Hispanic White

Objective This study aimed to determine whether race and ethnicity contribute to risks associated with peripartum hysterectomy. Study Design This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the 2000–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to analyze risk of peripartum hysterectomy and associated severe maternal morbidity, mortality, surgical injury, reoperation, surgical-site complications, and mortality by maternal race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other, and unknown. Multivariable log-linear regression models including patient, clinical, and hospital risk factors were performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 59,854,731 delivery hospitalizations, there were 45,369 peripartum hysterectomies (7.6 per thousand). Of these, 37.8% occurred among non-Hispanic white, 13.9% among non-Hispanic black, and 22.8% among Hispanic women. In adjusted analyses, non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) and Hispanic women (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22–1.29) were at increased risk of hysterectomy compared with non-Hispanic white women. Risk for severe morbidity was increased for non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.19–1.33), but not for Hispanic (aRR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.97–1.07) women. Between these three groups, risk for intraoperative complications was highest among non-Hispanic white women, risk for reoperation was highest among Hispanic women, and risk for surgical-site complications was highest among non-Hispanic black women. Evaluating maternal mortality, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 3.83, 95% CI: 2.65–5.53) and Hispanic women (RR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.74–3.59) were at higher risk than non-Hispanic white women. Conclusion Peripartum hysterectomy and related complications other than death differed modestly by race. In comparison, mortality differentials were large supporting that differential risk for death in the setting of this high-risk scenario may be an important cause of disparities. Key Points

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Abstract MP66: Social Determinants And Co-morbid Conditions In Women Of Child-bearing Age With Hypertension From 2001-2018

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.mp66 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lara C Kovell ◽

Claire Meyerovitz ◽

Didem Ayturk ◽

Stephen P Juraschek ◽

Tiffany A Moore Simas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Social Determinants ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Private Insurance ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Morbid Conditions

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is the most important modifiable risk factor of serious maternal mortality and morbidity. Social determinants, including economic stability and access to healthcare, influence HTN outcomes and are critical to understanding and addressing racial and ethnic differences in HTN control. Objective: To assess social determinants and co-morbidities in US women of child-bearing age with HTN by race/ethnicity Methods: We studied women (age 20-50) with HTN in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2018. Social determinants and co-morbid conditions were examined in groups categorized by race/ethnicity - Non-Hispanic White (White), Non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Hispanic. Demographics, anthropometric measures, and co-morbid conditions were compared with White women as reference. Results: In all women with HTN, the mean (SE) age was 36.0 (0.3) years and 63% were on BP medication. Compared to white women, Black and Hispanic women had lower food security, poverty income ratio, smoking use, and private insurance (all p<0.0001, Table ). Black women had higher BP medication use, BMI, and BP compared to White women (all p<0.0001). Hispanic women had higher rates of diabetes (p=0.009) and no place to go for healthcare (p=0.005) compared to White women. Food insecurity was present in 34% of Hispanic women. Conclusions: Despite effective diagnostics and therapy, health inequity is common in women of child-bearing age with HTN, with differences by race/ethnicity in social determinants and co-morbid conditions. Each racial/ethnic group with HTN brings social determinants and comorbid conditions important for providers to recognize.

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New onset of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy in a prospective multiracial cohort

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (24) ◽

pp. e3438-e3447

Author(s):

Muzi Na ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Mengying Li ◽

Stefanie N. Hinkle ◽

Cuilin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Black Women ◽

Restless Legs Syndrome ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Restless Legs ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

In Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo determine whether the incidence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy differ by race/ethnicity, we estimated relative risks of demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors in association with risk of any incident RLS in pregnancy in a cohort of 2,704 healthy pregnant women without prior RLS.MethodsUsing data from the multicenter, multiracial National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons, we examined the incidence of RLS from early pregnancy to near delivery through up to 6 assessments. Multivariable Poisson models with robust variance were applied to estimate relative risks (RRs).ResultsThe cumulative incidence of RLS in pregnancy was 18.1% for all women, 20.3% for White women, 15.4% for Black women, 17.1% for Hispanic women, and 21.1% for Asian women. Among Hispanic women, older age (RR [reference ≤25 years]: 25–35 years, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.16; ≥35 years, 1.58; 95% CI 0.93–2.68), anemia (RR [reference no]: yes, 2.47; 95% CI 1.31–4.64), and greater total skinfolds of the subscapular and triceps sites, independent of body mass index (RR [reference quartile 1]: quartile 5, 2.54; 95% CI 1.30–4.97; p trend = 0.01) were associated with higher risk of RLS, while multiparity was associated with a lower risk (RR [reference nulliparity]: 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.96). In Black women, greater skinfolds and waist circumference were associated with higher risk of pregnancy RLS, although the trends were less clear.ConclusionsThe incidence of RLS in pregnancy was high and differed by race/ethnicity, which is likely accounted for by differences in other risk factors, such as age, parity, and nutritional factors.

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Medicare D Subsidies and Racial Disparities in Persistence and Adherence With Hormonal Therapy

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.67.3350 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (36) ◽

pp. 4398-4404 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Alana Biggers ◽

Yushu Shi ◽

John Charlson ◽

Elizabeth C. Smith ◽

Alicia J. Smallwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Black Women ◽

Hormonal Therapy ◽

Low Income ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Black Patients ◽

Hispanic Patients ◽

White Patients

Purpose To investigate the role of out-of-pocket cost supports through the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy on disparities in breast cancer hormonal therapy persistence and adherence by race or ethnicity. Methods A nationwide cohort of women age ≥ 65 years with a breast cancer operation between 2006 and 2007 and at least one prescription filled for oral breast cancer hormonal therapy was identified from all Medicare D enrollees. The association of race or ethnicity with nonpersistence (90 consecutive days with no claims for a hormonal therapy prescription) and nonadherence (medication possession rate < 80%) was examined. Survival analyses were used to account for potential differences in age, comorbidity, or intensity of other treatments. Results Among the 25,111 women in the study sample, 77% of the Hispanic and 70% of the black women received a subsidy compared with 21% of the white women. By 2 years, 69% of black and 70% of Hispanic patients were persistent compared with 61% of white patients. In adjusted analyses, patients in all three unsubsidized race or ethnicity groups had greater discontinuation than subsidized groups (white patients: hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.70 to 1.95; black patients: HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.51; Hispanic patients: HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.37 to 3.89). Racial or ethnic persistence disparities that were present for unsubsidized patients were not present or reversed among subsidized patients. All three subsidized race or ethnicity groups also had higher adherence than all three unsubsidized groups, although with the smallest difference occurring in black women. Conclusion Receipt of a prescription subsidy was associated with substantially improved persistence to breast cancer hormonal therapy among white, black, and Hispanic women and lack of racial or ethnic disparities in persistence. Given high subsidy enrollment among black and Hispanic women, policies targeted at low-income patients have the potential to also substantially reduce racial and ethnic disparities.

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Disparities at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity: Examining Trends and Outcomes in Hispanic Women With Breast Cancer

JCO Oncology Practice ◽

10.1200/op.20.00381 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. OP.20.00381

Author(s):

Cosette D. Champion ◽

Samantha M. Thomas ◽

Jennifer K. Plichta ◽

Edgardo Parrilla Castellar ◽

Laura H. Rosenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Black Women ◽

Racial Differences ◽

White Women ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Tumor Subtype ◽

Hispanic Patients ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Hispanic White

PURPOSE: We sought to examine tumor subtype, stage at diagnosis, time to surgery (TTS), and overall survival (OS) among Hispanic patients of different races and among Hispanic and non-Hispanic (NH) women of the same race. METHODS: Women 18 years of age or older who had been diagnosed with stage 0-IV breast cancer and who had undergone lumpectomy or mastectomy were identified in the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). Tumor subtype and stage at diagnosis were compared by race/ethnicity. Multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate associations between race/ethnicity and adjusted TTS and OS, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 44,374 Hispanic (American Indian [AI]: 79 [0.2%]; Black: 1,011 [2.3%]; White: 41,126 [92.7%]; Other: 2,158 [4.9%]) and 858,634 NH women (AI: 2,319 [0.3%]; Black: 97,206 [11.3%]; White: 727,270 [84.7%]; Other: 31,839 [3.7%]) were included. Hispanic Black women had lower rates of triple-negative disease (16.2%) than did NH Black women (23.5%) but higher rates than did Hispanic White women (13.9%; P < .001). Hispanic White women had higher rates of node-positive disease (23.2%) versus NH White women (14.4%) but slightly lower rates than Hispanic (24.6%) and NH Black women (24.5%; P < .001). Hispanic White women had longer TTS versus NH White women regardless of treatment sequence (adjusted means: adjuvant chemotherapy, 42.71 v 38.60 days; neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 208.55 v 201.14 days; both P < .001), but there were no significant racial differences in TTS among Hispanic patients. After adjustment, Hispanic White women (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81]) and Black women (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.96]) had improved OS versus NH White women (reference) and Black women (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.18]; all P < .05). CONCLUSION: Hispanic women had improved OS versus NH women, but racial differences in tumor subtype and nodal stage among Hispanic women highlight the importance of disaggregating racial/ethnic data in breast cancer research.

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Incidences of Feto-Fetal Transfusion Syndrome and Perinatal Outcomes in Triplet Gestations with Monochorionic Placentation

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy ◽

10.1159/000443610 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuka Sato ◽

Keisuke Ishii ◽

Tae Yokouchi ◽

Takeshi Murakoshi ◽

Kenji Kiyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽

Neurological Complication ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Poor Outcomes

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the incidences of feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) and perinatal outcomes in triplet gestations with monochorionic placentation. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidences of FFTS and perinatal outcomes at 28 days of age in cases of triplet gestations with monochorionic placentation who visited our centers before 16 weeks of gestation and delivered over a period of 11 years. Results: In 41 triplet gestations (17 monochorionic triamniotic, 22 dichorionic triamniotic, 1 dichorionic diamniotic, and 1 monochorionic monoamniotic), the incidence of FFTS was 17.1%, and the median gestational age at FFTS diagnosis was 19 weeks. In 123 triplets, the incidences of fetal death and neonatal death at 28 days of age were 8.1 and 0.9%, respectively. None of the surviving infants had grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, while cystic periventricular leukomalacia occurred in 6 of 113 infants (5.3%). The incidence of poor outcomes (death or any major neurological complication at 28 days of age) was 13.8%. Discussion: Seventeen percent of triplet pregnancies with monochorionic placentation developed FFTS, and 14% had a poor outcome. Therefore, triplet gestations with monochorionic placentation should be followed carefully.

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Determinan Kematian Neonatal di RSUD Sultan Imanudin Pangkalan Bun

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v3i2.109 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

Riyanti Riyanti ◽

Legawati Legawati

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Place Of Birth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

The Status ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Efforts to reduce neonatal mortality are done through various efforts in every healthcare setting. Neonatal deaths are caused by various factors, either directly or indirectly. This study aims to determine the cause of neonatal death. The approach used in this research is analytic observational and Cross-Sectional design. The population in this study is all neonatal deaths in RSUD Sultan Imanudin Pangkalan Bun. The sample of research is 103 people. Univariate analyzes were performed with frequency distribution, for bivariate analysis of factors Age of mother, education, occupation, parity, place of birth, the status of the referral, birth attendant and cause of death using chi-square (x2). The results showed that neonatal mortality occurred in the early neonate group 82 people (79.6%). Bivariate analysis showed that parity and cause factor (p = 0,001) showed significant influence on neonatal mortality. Conclusions of the study resulted in parity and direct or indirect causes of neonatal death.

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