Use of an antiviral mouthwash as an additional barrier measure in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Abstract Background The research hypothesis is that commercially available mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox (bioflavonoids) could decrease the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salivary viral load in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19. Methods In this RCT, SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients aged 18-85 years with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 symptoms <8 days were recruited. A total of 154 eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to antiviral ß-cyclodextrin and citrox mouthwash (CDCM) or placebo. Three rinses daily were performed for 7 days. Saliva sampling was performed on day 1 at 9 a.m. (T1), 1 p.m. (T2) and 6 p.m. (T3). On the following 6 days, one sample was taken at 3 p.m. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04349592). Findings CDCM was significantly more effective than placebo 4 hours after the first intake (p<0·001), with a median percentage decrease T1-T2 of -14·25% [95% CI; -32·68% - 0·06%]. In patients with an initial salivary load > 2·95 log10 copies/mL, there was a significant difference in the reduction in viral load at T2. Over the course of one day, the first mouthwash rinse significantly reduced the viral load, and the second dose maintained this low value, compared to placebo. At day 7, there was still a greater decrease in salivary viral load over time in the CDCM group. In individuals with an initial viral SARS-CoV-2 load higher than 4·12 log10 copies/mL or 5·16 log10 copies/mL, CDCM reduced the salivary viral load more quickly than placebo (MLM p-value = 0·03; 0·029). Interpretation This trial supports the relevance of using mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox as an additional barrier measure on day 1 to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. Over 7 days, the use of this mouthwash showed a benefit of viral load reduction for patients with the highest initial loads.

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The Effect of Methylphenidate on Reed Scaling in Benzodiazepine Poisoning: A Prospective Trial

Current Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1574884714666190112153157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Masoud Latifi-Pour ◽

Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽

Helya-Sadat Mortazavi ◽

Shahin Shadnia ◽

Nasim Zamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Prospective Trial ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

P Value ◽

Poison Center ◽

Double Blind ◽

Laboratory Confirmation ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Benzodiazepine is one of the most important causes of substance abuse and intoxication throughout the world and Iran. Objective: The aim of our study is to determine the role of stimulants in reversing CNS level in acute Benzodiazepine poisoning patients who were hospitalized at referral poison center. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial study on 32 cases with pure acute Benzodiazepine poisoning from March 2016 to February 2017. Diagnosis of pure acute poisoning was based on history, and laboratory confirmation. We gathered the demographics, clinical data, laboratory data, hospitalization and outcome. Participants were randomized into two groups: Methylphenidate Group (MPH) and Placebo Group (PBO). Results: The randomized sample consisted of 32 participants who were predominately female (83%). The majority of the PBO group and the MPH group reported improvement in their consciousness with a significant difference between the two groups (p = .005). Paired sample t-test analyses on Reed Scale data revealed an increase in the probability of improvement during the trial for the MPH group compared to the PBO group. Furthermore, the HCo3 (bicarbonate) level has a significant p-value with respect to age groups (p = .02). None of our cases required either the ICU facility or intubation. Conclusion: Our study provided the MPH superiority over PBO in reversing CNS symptoms in loss of consciousness in acute BZD poisoned patients. Thus, this trial provides concrete evidence that improvement in consciousness levels (Reed Scale rated) among those patients receiving MPH was associated with a methylphenidate use.

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Effects of Bupropion on Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Mansoureh Mirzadeh ◽

Najmeh Shahini ◽

Masoud Kashani Lotf Abadi ◽

Maryam Tavakoli ◽

Arash Javanbakht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

Smoking habits are common in schizophrenic patients. Nicotine can suppress negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bupropion on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients. This study is a double blind randomized controlled trial in a large referral psychiatric university hospital in Iran. Ninety smoker schizophrenic patients were randomly allocated (based on DSM -IV TR criteria) in two groups (46 patients for case group and 44 patients in control group). They get risperidone up to 6 mg/d and bupropion up to 400 mg/d .clinical assessment (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) were taken in beginning of study, 14th and 28th days of study. Cognitive assessment (Stroop, Digit Span, and Wechsler, Wisconsin) were taken in begging of study, the days 2nd, 7th, 14th, 28th. All data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 17 with analytic and descriptive tests. Mean age of patients was 37.66±1.01. Mean duration of disorder was 11.63±.98 years. The scores were significantly lower at the day 28th compared to the beginning of the study in both groups in Wechsler, Stroop color word , Stroop word , Stroop color , BPRS, PANSS p value ≤0.05 .The difference between the two treatments was not significant as indicated by the effect of group, the between-subjects factor p value ≥0.05. In this study, the side effects were examined and there was no significant difference between the two groups p value ≥0.05. Augmentation of bupropion to routine treatment improves cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in abstinence of tobacco.

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Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a poly-herbal Siddha medicine, reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load in asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals as compared to vitamin C and zinc supplementation: findings from a prospective, exploratory, open-labeled, comparative, randomized controlled trial, Tamil Nadu, India

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05583-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Natarajan ◽

C. Anbarasi ◽

P. Sathiyarajeswaran ◽

P. Manickam ◽

S. Geetha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Viral Load ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Ct Value ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Despite several ongoing efforts in biomedicine and traditional medicine, there are no drugs or vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as of May 2020; Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a polyherbal formulation from India’s Siddha system of medicine, has been traditionally used for clinical presentations similar to that of COVID-19. We explored the efficacy of KSK in reducing viral load and preventing the disease progression in asymptomatic, COVID-19 cases. Methods A prospective, single-center, open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a COVID Care Centre in Chennai, India. We recruited reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 of 18 to 55 years of age, without clinical symptoms and co-morbidities. They were randomized (1:1 ratio) to KSK (60 mL twice daily for 7 days) or standard of care (7 days supplementation of vitamin C 60,000 IU morning daily and zinc 100 mg evening daily) groups. The primary outcomes were reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 load [as measured by cyclic threshold (CT) value of RT-PCR], prevention of progression of asymptomatic to symptomatic state, and changes in the immunity markers including interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-2), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α). Siddha clinical assessment and the occurrence of adverse effects were documented as secondary outcomes. Paired t-test was used in statistical analysis. Results Viral load in terms of the CT value (RdRp: 95% CI = 1.89 to 5.74) declined significantly on the seventh day in the KSK group and that of the control group, more pronounced in the study group. None progressed to the symptomatic state. There was no significant difference in the biochemical parameters. We did not observe any changes in the Siddha-based clinical examination and adverse events in both groups. Conclusion KSK significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load among asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and did not record any adverse effect, indicating the use of KSK in the strategy against COVID-19. Larger, multi-centric trials can strengthen the current findings. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI2020/05/025215. Registered on 16 May 2020

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Ivermectin in mild and moderate COVID-19 (RIVET-COV): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-191648/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anant Mohan ◽

Pawan Tiwari ◽

Tejas Suri ◽

Saurabh Mittal ◽

Ankit Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Double Blind ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Treat Population

Abstract Introduction: Till date, no drug has shown definite benefit in non-severe COVID-19. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug which has in-vitro efficacy in reducing coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) load in severe disease. Objectives: To determine if a single oral administration of Ivermectin to patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 is effective in converting SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR to negative result and in reducing viral load.Methods: In this double-blind trial, patients were randomized to elixir formulation of Ivermectin in 24 mg, 12 mg or placebo in 1:1:1 ratio. The co-primary outcomes were conversion of RT-PCR to negative result and the decline of viral load at day 5 of enrolment and were assessed in patients with positive RT-PCR at enrolment (modified intention-to-treat population). Safety outcomes included total and serious adverse events and were assessed in all patients who received the trial drug (intention-to-treat population). Results: Among 157 patients randomized, 125 patients were included in mITT analysis. Forty patients each were assigned to Ivermectin 24 mg and 12 mg, and 45 patients to placebo. The RT-PCR negativity at day 5 was higher in the two Ivermectin arms but failed to attain statistical significance (Ivermectin 24 mg, 47.5%; 12 mg, 35.0%; and placebo, 31.1%; p= 0.30). The decline of viral load at day 5 was similar in the three arms. No serious adverse events were encountered.Conclusion: In patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, a single administration of Ivermectin elixir (either 24 mg or 12 mg) demonstrated a trend towards higher proportion of RT-PCR negativity at day 5 of enrolment. The protocol was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry – India (CTRI) vide ref No CTRI/2020/06/026001.

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Effects of Fermented Milk Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Constipation in Patients with Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2238

Author(s):

Xiaomei Zhang ◽

Shanbin Chen ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Fazheng Ren ◽

Yimei Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Factor Α

Probiotics have been shown to benefit patients with constipation and depression, but whether they specifically alleviate constipation in patients with depression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS), formerly Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, on constipation in patients with depression with specific etiology and gut microbiota and on depressive regimens. Eighty-two patients with constipation were recruited. The subjects consumed 100 mL of a LcS beverage (108 CFU/mL) or placebo every day for 9 weeks. After ingesting beverages for this period, we observed no significant differences in the total patient constipation-symptom (PAC-SYM) scores in the LcS group when compared with the placebo group. However, symptoms/scores in item 7 (rectal tearing or bleeding after a bowel movement) and items 8–12 (stool symptom subscale) were more alleviated in the LcS group than in the placebo group. The Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were all significantly decreased, and the degree of depression was significantly improved in both the placebo and LcS groups (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups. The LcS intervention increased the beneficial Adlercreutzia, Megasphaera and Veillonella levels and decreased the bacterial levels related to mental illness, such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Sutterella and Oscillibacter. Additionally, the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased in both the placebo and LcS groups (p < 0.05). In particular, the IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the LcS group than the placebo group after the ingestion period (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the daily consumption of LcS for 9 weeks appeared to relieve constipation and improve the potentially depressive symptoms in patients with depression and significantly decrease the IL-6 levels. In addition, the LcS supplementation also appeared to regulate the intestinal microbiota related to mental illness.

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Relief of pain and trismus in patients treated with naproxen or acetylsalicylic acid after tonsillectomy

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100103913 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 39-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Kristensen ◽

K. Tveteraas ◽

P. Hein ◽

H. B. Poulsen ◽

K. E. Outzen

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Therapeutic Gain

AbstractThe pain-relieving efficacy of naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in tonsillectomized patients was compared in a double blind parallel clinical trial comprising 83 patients, among whom 42 were treated with naproxen and 41 with ASA. The patients were treated post-operatively for two days with either naproxen suppositories 500 mg. twice, or ASA effervescent tablets 1000 mg. three times, daily.The therapeutic gain was evaluated by recording the intensity of pain, reduced ability to open the mouth (trismus), consumption of supplementary analgesic (parcetamol), and pain-related sleep disturbances.The statistical analysis of the results revealed no differences in pain intensity, consumption of additional analgesics or pain-related sleep disturbances in the two treatment groups. A considerable degree of trismus was demonstrated in most of the tonsillectomized patients. This reduced ability to open the mouth was gradually overcome in the naproxen group while it remained unchanged in the ASA group, however, no statistical significant difference could be demonstrated. Additionally, no significant positive correlation between pain intensity and trismus was proven. The pain-relieving effect, however, was unsatisfactory in both the naproxen and the ASA group, and clinical controlled trial studies of alternative analgetics in tonsillectomized patients are still to be encouraged.

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Comparative Study on Vit. E & Mefenamic acid vs Mefenamic acid alone on mean reduction in pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea

10.53350/pjmhs2115123195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3195-3197

Author(s):

Fariha Sadiqa ◽

Mufakhara Fatimah ◽

Abdul Mudabbir Rehan ◽

Sidra Mushtaq ◽

Asia Firdous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Mefenamic Acid ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acid Group ◽

P Value ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

High Concentration ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Menstrual Fluid

Background: Pelvic pain around the time of mensturation without any identifiable pathologic lesion present from menarche is called primary dysmenorrhea. The pain is believed to be related to prostaglandin (PG). Women with dysmenorrhoea have a relatively high concentration of PGF 2 alpha in menstrual fluid and suppression of PG synthesis has become the main treatment. Aim: To compare mean reduction in pain in patients presenting with primary dysmenorrhea given vitamin E & Mefenamic acid versus Mefenamic acid alone. Results: It was a randomized controlled trial which was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, THQ Raiwind Hospital, Lahore for 6 months duration w.e.f 01/02/2017 to 31/07/2017. In this study, 18(36%) in Vitamin-E group and 21(42%) in Mefenamic acid group were between 15-20 years while 32(64%) in Vitamin-E group and 29(58%) in Mefenamic acid group were between 21-25 years, mean±sd was calculated as 20.86±2.92 and 20.66±2.86 years respectively, mean dysmenorrheal pain at baseline was recorded as 50.06±10.27 in Vitamin-E group and 50.14±10.28 in Mefenamic acid group, p value < 0.754, showing that both groups are insignificant, mean dysmenorrheal pain after treatment was recorded as 20.50±10.04 in Vitamin-E group and 30.22±10.28 in Mefenamic acid group, p value was < 0.002 showing significant difference between the two group, comparison of mean reduction in dysmenorrheal pain after treatment was recorded as 20.56±0.91 in Vitamin-E group and 10.92±0.75 in Mefenamic acid group, p value was < 0.000, showing significant difference. Conclusion: We concluded that there is a significant mean reduction in dysmenorrhic pain in patients given Mefenamic Acid + Vitamen E as compared to patients given Mefenamic Acid alone. Keywords: Dysmenorrhic pain, Mefenamic Acid + Vitamen E, mean reduction in dysmenorrhic pain

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Effectiveness of sustained natural apophyseal glides in females with cervicogenic headache: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-210018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Muhammad Kashif ◽

Nosheen Manzoor ◽

Rimsha Safdar ◽

Hafsa Khan ◽

Maryam Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Placebo Treatment ◽

Cervicogenic Headache ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Head Positioning ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neck Disability

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a common condition that results in significant disability. To treat this dysfunction, Mulligan described sustained natural apophyseal gliders (SNAGs) as a manual therapy approach. However, only inconclusive short-term evidence exists for treating CGH with SNAGs. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the effect of SNAGs in the treatment of CGH. METHODS: Fourty female patients ranging from 20 to 40 years with CGH were randomly assigned to two groups: 20 in a treatment group and 20 in a control group. SNAGs were applied to the treatment group while the control group received placebo treatment. Both groups received their respective treatment for 20 minutes, alternately three times per week, for a total of 12 times in four weeks. The outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of each week. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Independent t-testing was used to reveal changes between groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine changes within groups. The level of significance was P< 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty participants (100%) in the treatment group and 17 (85%) in the control group had a history of headache aggravation with active movements or passive head positioning. There was no significant difference at baseline (p> 0.05), indicating that both groups were homogeneous at the time of recruitment. The p value (p< 0.05) showed a significant difference in pain and level of disability at three and four weeks (p< 0.05) in patients treated with SNAGs. However, the cervical range of motion (ROM) showed a statistically significant improvement in flexion and extension in the treatment group (p< 0.05) while there was no significant improvement in side flexion and rotation ROM in both groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that SNAGs were effective in reducing pain and neck disability and improved ROM in females with CGH.

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TOP-PRO study: A randomized double-blind controlled trial of topiramate versus propranolol for prevention of chronic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/03331024211047454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 033310242110474

Author(s):

Debashish Chowdhury ◽

Luv Bansal ◽

Ashish Duggal ◽

Debabrata Datta ◽

Ankit Mundra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Chronic Migraine ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Tolerability Profile ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective The aim of the TOP-PRO-study, a double-blind randomized controlled trial, was to assess the efficacy (non-inferiority) and tolerability of propranolol compared to topiramate for the prevention of chronic migraine. Background Except for topiramate, oral preventive treatment for chronic migraine lacks credible evidence. Methods Chronic migraine patients aged above 18 years and less than 65 years of age, not on any preventive treatment were randomly allocated to receive topiramate (100 mg/day) or propranolol (160 mg/day). The primary efficacy outcome was the mean change in migraine days per 28 days at the end of 24 weeks from baseline. A mean difference of 1.5 days per four weeks was chosen as the cut-off delta value. Multiple secondary efficacy outcomes and treatment emergent adverse events were also assessed. Results As against the planned sample size of 244, only 175 patients could be enrolled before the spread of the corona virus disease-2019 pandemic and enforcement of lockdown in India. Of the 175 randomized patients, 95 (topiramate 46 and propranolol 49) completed the trial. The mean change in migraine days was −5.3 ± 1.2 vs −7.3 ± 1.1 days (p = 0.226) for topiramate and propranolol groups respectively. Propranolol was found to be non-inferior and not superior to topiramate (point estimate of −1.99 with a 95% confidence interval of −5.23 to 1.25 days). Multiple secondary outcomes also did not differ between the two groups. Intention to treat analysis of 175 patients and per-protocol analysis of 95 patients yielded concordant results. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Propranolol (160mg/day) was non-inferior, non-superior to topiramate (100mg/day) for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine and had a comparable tolerability profile. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2019/05/018997)

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A double-blind randomized controlled trial of topical Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. on mild psoriasis: clinical manifestations, histopathological features, and K6 expressions

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v27i3.2511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 178-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Githa Rahmayunita ◽

Tjut N.A. Jacoeb ◽

Endi Novianto ◽

Wresti Indriatmi ◽

Rahadi Rihatmadja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽

Double Blind ◽

Old Patients ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽

The Difference

Background: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, and phosphorylase kinase, which has role in keratinocyte proliferation. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. xanthorrhiza in psoriasis.Methods: From 18 to 59 year-old patients with mild psoriasis, 2 similar lesions were selected. The severity assessment was based on the psoriasis area severity index (PASI), Trozak score, and K6 expression. Using a double-blinded randomized method, lesion was treated with 1% C. xanthorrhiza ointment vs placebo for 4 weeks. The results were analyzed by the chi-square test using STATATM V.12 software (Stata Corp.).Results: The study was conducted in 2010 to 2012 with 17 subjects participated. The median of PASI score were reduced significantly in both lesions, either treated with 1% C. xanthorrhiza ointment vs placebo; however when compared between the group, it was not significant (p=0.520). The Trozak score were reduced in lesions treated with 1% C. xanthorrhiza ointment; but it was not significant (p = 0.306). In lesions treated with placebo, the Trozak score was increased significantly. The difference of Trozak score between lesions treated with C. xanthorrhiza and placebo was significant (p=0.024). There was no significant difference of K6 expression in lesions treated with 1% C. xanthorrhiza ointments or placebo as well as on the difference of mean values of K6 expression between the group (p=0.827).Conclusion: Based on the results, 1% C. xanthorrhiza ointment is effective treatment option for mild psoriasis, but longer follow-up period is suggested to confirm this results. C. xanthorrhiza ointment is safe for topical administration as there were no side effects reported in this study.

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