scholarly journals A system-oriented strategy to enhance electron production of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in bio-photovoltaic devices: experimental and modeling insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Firoozabadi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Mardanpour ◽  
Ehsan Motamedian
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Electron Production ◽  
Nadh Generation ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Abstract Bio-photovoltaic devices (BPVs) harness photosynthetic organisms to produce bioelectricity in an eco-friendly way. However, their low energy efficiency is still a challenge. A comprehension of metabolic constraints can result in finding strategies for efficiency enhancement. This study presents a systemic approach based on metabolic modeling to design a regulatory defined medium, reducing the intracellular constraints in bioelectricity generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 through the cellular metabolism alteration. The approach identified key reactions that played a critical role in improving electricity generation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by comparing multiple optimal solutions of minimal and maximal NADH generation using two criteria. Regulatory compounds, which controlled the enzyme activity of the key reactions, were obtained from the BRENDA database. The selected compounds were subsequently added to the culture media, and their effect on bioelectricity generation was experimentally assessed. The power density curves for different culture media showed the BPV fed by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 suspension in BG-11 supplemented with NH4Cl achieved the maximum power density of 148.27 mW m-2. This produced power density was more than 40.5-fold of what was obtained for the BPV fed with cyanobacterial suspension in BG-11. The effect of the activators on BPV performance was also evaluated by comparing their overpotential, maximum produced power density, and biofilm morphology under different conditions. These findings demonstrated the crucial role of cellular metabolism in improving bioelectricity generation in BPVs.

scholarly journals A system-oriented strategy to enhance electron production of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in bio-photovoltaic devices: experimental and modeling insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Firoozabadi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Mardanpour ◽  
Ehsan Motamedian
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Electron Production ◽  
Nadh Generation ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Bio-photovoltaic devices (BPVs) harness photosynthetic organisms to produce bioelectricity in an eco-friendly way. However, their low energy efficiency is still a challenge. A comprehension of metabolic constraints can result in finding strategies for efficiency enhancement. This study presents a systemic approach based on metabolic modeling to design a regulatory defined medium, reducing the intracellular constraints in bioelectricity generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 through the cellular metabolism alteration. The approach identified key reactions that played a critical role in improving electricity generation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by comparing multiple optimal solutions of minimal and maximal NADH generation using two criteria. Regulatory compounds, which controlled the enzyme activity of the key reactions, were obtained from the BRENDA database. The selected compounds were subsequently added to the culture media, and their effect on bioelectricity generation was experimentally assessed. The power density curves for different culture media showed the BPV fed by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 suspension in BG-11 supplemented with NH4Cl achieved the maximum power density of 148.27 mW m-2. This produced power density was more than 40.5-fold of what was obtained for the BPV fed with cyanobacterial suspension in BG-11. The effect of the activators on BPV performance was also evaluated by comparing their overpotential, maximum produced power density, and biofilm morphology under different conditions. These findings demonstrated the crucial role of cellular metabolism in improving bioelectricity generation in BPVs.

scholarly journals A system-oriented strategy to enhance electron production of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in bio-photovoltaic devices: experimental and modeling insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Firoozabadi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Mardanpour ◽  
Ehsan Motamedian
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Electron Production ◽  
Nadh Generation

AbstractBio-photovoltaic devices (BPVs) harness photosynthetic organisms to produce bioelectricity in an eco-friendly way. However, their low energy efficiency is still a challenge. A comprehension of metabolic constraints can result in finding strategies for efficiency enhancement. This study presents a systemic approach based on metabolic modeling to design a regulatory defined medium, reducing the intracellular constraints in bioelectricity generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 through the cellular metabolism alteration. The approach identified key reactions that played a critical role in improving electricity generation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by comparing multiple optimal solutions of minimal and maximal NADH generation using two criteria. Regulatory compounds, which controlled the enzyme activity of the key reactions, were obtained from the BRENDA database. The selected compounds were subsequently added to the culture media, and their effect on bioelectricity generation was experimentally assessed. The power density curves for different culture media showed the BPV fed by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 suspension in BG-11 supplemented with NH4Cl achieved the maximum power density of 148.27 mW m−2. This produced power density was more than 40.5-fold of what was obtained for the BPV fed with cyanobacterial suspension in BG-11. The effect of the activators on BPV performance was also evaluated by comparing their overpotential, maximum produced power density, and biofilm morphology under different conditions. These findings demonstrated the crucial role of cellular metabolism in improving bioelectricity generation in BPVs.

scholarly journals Creatine in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Jeffery R. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Health And Disease

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine’s role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Mineral Elements in the Culture Medium for the Micropropagation of Three Vriesea Bromeliads from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Importance of Calcium

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Noemí Aranda-Peres ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
Edson Namita Higashi ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Half Strength

Many different species of Bromeliaceae are endangered and their conservation requires specific knowledge of their growth habits and propagation. In vitro culture of bromeliads is an important method for efficient clonal propagation and in vitro seed germination can be used to maintain genetic variability. The present work aims to evaluate the in vitro growth and nutrient concentration in leaves of the epiphyte bromeliads Vriesea friburguensis Mez, Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carrière) E. Morren, and Vriesea unilateralis Mez, which exhibit slow rates of growth in vivo and in vitro. Initially, we compared the endogenous mineral composition of bromeliad plantlets grown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and the mineral composition considered adequate in the literature. This approach suggested that calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient and this was considered for new media formulation. Three new culture media were defined in which the main changes to half-strength MS medium were an increase in Ca, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and chloride and a decrease in iron, maintaining the nitrate:ammonium rate at ≈2:1. The main difference among the three new media formulated was Ca concentration, which varied from 1.5 mm in half-strength MS to 3.0, 6.0, and 12 mm in M2, M3, and M4 media, respectively. Consistently, all three species exhibited significantly higher fresh and dry weight on M4, the newly defined medium with the highest level of Ca (12 mm). Leaf nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium, and boron concentrations increased as Ca concentration in the medium increased from 1.5 to 12 mm.

Abstract 353: Bone Marrow Fibroblast Progenitor Cell-derived Exosomes Activate Resident Fibroblast and Augment Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in IL10KO Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh K Verma ◽  
Venkata N Girikipathi ◽  
Maria Cimini ◽  
Zhongjian Cheng ◽  
Moshin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblast ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Activation ◽  
Resident Fibroblast

Background: Activated fibroblasts (myoFBs) play critical role in cardiac fibrosis, however, their origin in diseased heart remains uncertain. Previous studies suggest the contribution of bone marrow fibroblasts progenitor cells (FPC) in pressure overload (PO)-induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation acts as catalyst in this process. Recently others and we have shown that paracrine mediators packaged in exosomes play important role in cardiac pathophysiology. Thus, we hypothesized that exosome-derived from IL10KO-FPC augments PO-induced resident cardiac fibroblast activation and therefore, aggravate cardiac fibrosis. Methods and Results: Cardiac fibrosis was induced in Wild-type (WT) and IL10-knockout (IL10KO) mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). TAC-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and fibrosis were further exaggerated in IL10KO mice. PO-enhanced FPC (Prominin1 + cells) mobilization and homing in IL10KO mice compared to WT mice. To establish the IL10KO-FPC paracrine signaling, exosomes were isolated from WT and IL10KO BM-FPC culture media and characterized for proteins/miRNA. IL10 KO FPC-exosomes showed altered packaging of signature fibrotic miR and proteins. To explore whether FPC-exosomes modulate resident fibroblast activation, adult cardiac fibroblasts were treated with WT and IL10KO FPC-derived exosomes. IL10KO-FPC-derived exosomes exaggerate TGFβ 2 -induced activation of adult fibroblasts. These data suggest that fibrotic remodeling factors (miRs and/or proteins) packaged in IL10KO-FPC exosomes are sufficient to enhance the resident cardiac fibroblast activation and mediate cardiac fibrotic remodeling IL10 treatment significantly inhibits TGFβ 2 -induced FPC to myoFBs transition. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that paracrine factors secreted by BM-FPC augment resident cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis in pressure overloaded myocardium and IL10 negatively regulates this process. Ongoing investigations using molecular approaches will provide a better understanding on the mechanistic and therapeutic aspects of IL10 on PO-induced cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.

The phytopathogenic fungi Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa: chemotaxonomical characterization of isolates and metabolite production in different culture media

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.  Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Paulos B. Chumala ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Previous molecular chemotaxonomic analyses of isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.) in a chemically defined medium suggested that this species complex was composed of at least three distinct groups. Subsequently, a group within L. maculans was classified as Leptosphaeria biglobosa , on the basis of morphologic characteristics and the lack of sexual crossing. To obtain clarification regarding the metabolite profiles of the various groups or species of blackleg fungi, the objectives of this work were (i) to determine the chemical structures of metabolites produced by Canadian V isolates and Polish-type isolates in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and (ii) to determine the chemotaxonomic relationship among French isolates of L. biglobosa and among Canadian W isolates and Thlaspi isolates of L. maculans. Here, we report for the first time that Canadian V isolates grown in PDB produced 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde, a metabolite never reported from L. maculans, but none of the usual phytotoxins (sirodesmins). In addition, we report a new metabolite, 2-[2-(5-hydroxybenzofuranyl)]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile, from Polish-type isolates of L. maculans grown in PDB and the metabolite profiles of 16 Thlaspi isolates. The metabolite profiles of Thlaspi isolates indicate that these are part of two distinct groups, the Polish W group and the Canadian W group, i.e., L. biglobosa. Finally, we demonstrate that the metabolite profiles of the French isolates classified as L. biglobosa are similar to those of Canadian W isolates.

scholarly journals Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni clear concanavalin A from their surface by sloughing.

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Samuelson ◽  
J P Caulfield ◽  
J R David
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Con A ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

The lectin concanavalin A (Con A) was used as a model probe to study the behavior of molecules bound to the surface of recently transformed schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. Con A binding was saturable (150-180 pg/organism) and specifically competed by alpha-methyl mannoside. Both FITC-Con A and 125-I-Con A were lost from the surface of schistosomula with a halftime of 8-10 h in culture in defined medium. A comparable decrease in the binding of Con A to schistosomula cultured and then labeled with the lectin indicated that the labeling procedure itself was not inducing the observed change. Internalization of Con A was not seen by either fluorescence microscopy or electron microscope radioautography. In addition, 70-80% of the radioactivity lost from the parasite was recoverable by TCA precipitation from the culture medium as intact Con A (27,000 mol wt on SDS PAGE). Thus, the mechanism of clearance of bound Con A from the surface of cultured schistosomula is apparently by sloughing of Con A molecules intact into the culture media and not by endocytosis and degradation. Con A binding sites, visualized with hemocyanin by scanning electron microscopy, appeared homogeneously distributed over the surface of schistosomula when organisms were labeled at 4 degree C or after fixation with glutaraldehyde. However, Con A and hemocyanin formed aggregates on the surface of schistosomula when labeling was performed at 37 degrees C, which suggests that lectin binding sites have lateral mobility within the plane of the membrane. These aggregates are likely independent of metabolism by the parasite because aggregation also occurs on the surface of organisms killed with azide.

scholarly journals Protection of the pancreatic β-cell glucoreceptor mechanism for insulin secretion during culture in chemically defined medium

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gylfe
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mouse Pancreatic Islets ◽  
High Concentrations

High concentrations of glucose have a protective effect on the glucoreceptor mechanism for insulin secretion during culture of pancreatic islets in chemically defined media. To study at what level glucose exerts this effect, insulin secretion from β-cell-rich mouse pancreatic islets was measured before and after culture for 1 week in the presence of different substances. Before culture, glucose and inosine were potent stimulators, mannose and fructose were less potent and xylitol had no effect on secretion. Culture in 3mm-glucose resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the insulin response to glucose stimulation. A less marked decrease was noted after culture in 20mm- or 30mm-glucose. Inosine-stimulated secretion was much decreased after culture in high concentrations of glucose, whereas the responses to mannose or fructose were unchanged. After culture in 30mm-mannose, glucose-stimulated secretion was similar to that observed after culture in high concentrations of glucose, whereas the response to mannose had much decreased. There were no secretory responses to glucose or fructose after culture in 30mm-fructose, or to glucose or xylitol after culture in 30mm-xylitol. Culture in 10mm-inosine did not preserve any significant response to glucose or inosine. The insulin contents of islets and culture media were higher after culture in high concentrations of glucose, mannose or inosine than after culture in fructose, xylitol or low concentrations of glucose. It is suggested that glucose, and to some extent mannose, preserves the glucoreceptor mechanism for insulin secretion by influencing an early stage in glucose metabolism, presumably glucokinase activity.

33 PROPAGATION OF ELITE LIFESAVER DOGS BY SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
B. C. Lee ◽  
H. J. Oh ◽  
M. J. Kim ◽  
G. A. Kim ◽  
E. J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Working Dogs

Canine somatic cell nuclear transfer (cSCNT) has been used as a useful tool for propagation of elite working dogs. In 2009, 7 cloned dogs were successfully produced using somatic cells derived from the excellent drug-sniffing dog of Korea Customs Service. All cloned dogs perfectly performed drug detection in Incheon International Airport. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the 2 activation culture media to clone the retired Baekdu, a veteran rescue dog that performed lifesaving activities worldwide for 6 years in Korea National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA). Ear tissue was collected from a 10-year-old male German Shepherd and fibroblasts were cultured for cSCNT. The cells were injected into the perivitelline space of enucleated in vivo-matured dog oocytes, fused with electric stimulation using an electro cell fusion apparatus (Nepa Gene Co. Ltd.), and activated chemically. In the activation protocol, 2 different types of media were tested to investigate the effect of proteins with undefined functions. The first medium was a modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF), which is a complex culture medium with BSA that includes undefined functions. The second medium was the porcine zygote medium (PZM-5), which is a chemically defined medium with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The fused couplets were activated by mSOF medium supplemented with 1.9 nM DMAP (SOF-DMAP), and PZM-5 supplemented with 1.9 nM DMAP (PZM-DMAP) for 4 h, followed by 4 min of calcium ionophore treatment. Then, reconstructed oocytes were transferred into the uterine tube of naturally estrus-synchronized surrogate dogs. In the PZM-DMAP group, a total of 56 activated cloned embryos were transferred into 3 female recipient dogs, and a total of 64 activated cloned embryos from the SOF-DMAP group were transferred into 4 female recipients. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using a SONOACE 9900 (Medison, Seoul, Korea) ultrasound scanner with 7.0-MHz linear-array probe between 30 and 35 days after embryo transfer. As a result, pregnancy was detected in 1 out of 3 surrogate mothers that received cloned embryos from the PZM-DMAP group (33.3%), and 1 pregnancy (25%) was detected in 4 surrogate mothers receiving cloned embryos from the SOF-DMAP group. Two pregnant dogs each gave birth to 1 healthy cloned puppy by cesarean section. This study shows that existence of proteins with undefined functions in activation medium did not affect the dog cloning. In addition, the number of elite working dogs in diverse fields can be increased by the NT technique using donor cells derived from small tissue of elite working dogs. This study was supported by RDA (no. PJ0089752012), RNL Bio (no. 550-20120006), IPET (no. 311062-04-1-SB010), Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and TS Corporation.

Role of transferrin in branching morphogenesis, growth and differentiation of the embryonic kidney

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Irma Thesleff ◽  
Peter Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Induction Process

Our previous work has suggested that transferrin is an important serum component for differentiation of the kidney. In this study we have analysed more closely the response of cultured mouse embryonic kidney to exogenous transferrin and the dependence of kidney tubule induction on transferrin. Our results show that transferrin causes a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation in the differentiating kidney mesenchyme, but no stimulation of cell proliferation in the inductortissue used, the embryonic spinal cord. In cultures of whole kidney rudiments a remarkable increase in the amounts of DNA and protein are caused by transferrin but not by other serum components present in a transferrin-depleted serum. The morphology of the explants was similar when culturedin the presence of human serum and in the transferrin-depleted serum supplemented with transferrin. In transferrincontaining chemically-defined medium the explants flattened and spread out, but the morphology of the kidney tubules was similar as in explants cultured in the presence of serum. Examination of the cultured explants by electron microscopy showed that in all transferrincontaining culture media the mesenchymal cells had differentiated into kidney tubules consisting of epithelial cells lined by a basement membrane. The experiments with the transferrin-depleted serum demonstrate that the main mitogen for kidney development is transferrin, and that other serum factors are mainly required for maintenance of tissue compactness. Our earlier studies have shown that exogenous transferrin is not needed for certain changes preceding overt tubule formation in the kidney mesenchyme, and we suggested that transferrin responsiveness is acquired during the induction of kidney mesenchyme. Our present results do not contradict the postulate, although they demonstrate that the acquisition of the responsiveness is more complicated than previously thought. When the mesenchyme is exposed to inductor tissue for 24 h without transferrin, and then subcultured without the inductor in the presence of transferrin, morphogenesis fails and there is no proliferation of the mesenchyme. The experiment shows that the inductor, the mesenchyme and transferrin must all three be simultaneously present for the acquisition of the transferrin responsiveness. Other experiments show that the induced mesenchyme can be a direct target tissue, since it can proliferate in response to transferrin also in the absence of the inductor. It is evident that the inductor is required for the acquisition of the responsiveness, as suggested. However, there is apparently a large overlap between the transferrin-independent and transferrin-dependent proliferation. The mesenchyme is not a synchronous cell population and cells do not become induced and transferrin-responsive at the same time. Therefore, in the organ culture, it is necessary to have transferrin present also during induction. Although this explanation seems most likely, we cannot exclude that transferrin has two actions, one measurable direct effect on the proliferation of induced mesenchymes, and another yet unidentified effect on the induction process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document