scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Amphoteric Galactomannan Derivative for the Mitigation of Malachite Green and Congo Red Dye From Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Vineet Madan ◽  
Pradeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Biopolymeric materials have been utilized for water treatments since ancient times. Consequently, there is a cumulative and persistent interest in the study of novel sustainable, inexpensive and natural biobased alternatives. Amphoteric derivatives of galactomannans are still unexplored and rarerly used materials to treat industrial wastes. The study was explored to synthesize and characterize amphoteric derivative of Cassia tora gum, a 1,5 galactomannan for its application as a potential adsorbent for mitigation of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dyes by applying ‘Taguchi design’ (L9). The derivative was also studied for the conditioning of water using kaolin suspension. The results indicated that amphoteric derivative (anionic DS ~ 0.52 and cationic DS 0.197) is effective in maximum adsorption of Malachite green (73%) and Congo red (17 %) dyes and as a flocculant at a minimum dose of 10 ppm. The amphoteric derivative was characterized by X-ray-diffraction, TG analysis and spectroscopic techniques.

scholarly journals Removal of Congo Red Dye using Synthesised Copper(II) Activated Carbon from Date Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nur rahimah Said ◽  
Hazirah Syahirah Zakria ◽  
Siti Nor Atika Baharin ◽  
Nurul' Ain Jamion
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Red Dye

Azo dyes are recognised as contaminants from the textile and printing industries that lead to human toxicity. Copper(II) activated carbon (CuAC) is an effective removal agent of dyes in these industries. The purpose of this study is to synthesise and characterise CuAC from date seeds. In addition, the efficiency of CuAC as a removal of Congo red (CR) in aqueous solution is also studied. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from date seeds using phosphoric acid as activating agent, followed by activation process in a furnace at 500 ℃ for 2 hours. Copper(II) nitrate was used in the impregnation of AC to produce CuAC. The AC and CuAC were characterised using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), BET surface area (SBET), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). UV-VIS Spectroscopy was used to determine dye concentrations after treatment with removal agent of CuAC. The characterisation data proved that the CuAC has been successfully synthesised with 0.33% Cu(II) loaded onto AC and its surface area increased from 8.37 m2/g to 384.82 m2/g. The dye removal study was conducted at 10 ppm concentration of dye. Result revealed that 0.2 g of CuAC at pH 2 in 90 min removed 100% of CR dye.

Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties of Bi2O3 Nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahila ◽  
D. Pathinettam Padiyan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Light Irradiation ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Red Dye

Bi2O3 nanostructures were synthesized through a simple electrolysis based oxidation using NaOH electrolyte and annealed at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. The obtained Bi2O3 nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Bi2O3 crystal structure was confirmed by XRD. When free electron and holes are combined together then emission signals are emitted from PL spectra. With this process, it is studied about the recombination and separation of photo generated holes and electrons. The photocatalytic activities of Bi2O3 films were evaluated for the degradation of Congo red in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. Among the four samples, Bi2O3 films annealed at 300 °C have better efficiency in removing the congo red dye. For Bi-3, the initial concentration of 10 ppm decreases to 1.11 ppm after 420 min.

scholarly journals Zn-doped CoFe2O4Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Cation Distribution, Mossbauer Studies and Application for Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-803
Author(s):  
Mariia Liaskovska ◽  
Tetiana Tatarchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Kotsyubynsky ◽  
Hanna Ersteniuk
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Cation Distribution ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Red Dye

The cobalt-zinc ferrites Zn1-xCoxFe2O4 (where x=0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0) were obtained by green synthesis using Ginkgo Biloba extract as reductant and fuel. The cation distribution of the spinel ferrites has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The crystallite size decrease with increasing Co2+ content calculated from Scherrer equation and Williamson-Hall method. Adsorption properties of the spinel system were investigated using Congo Red (CR) dye as model pollutant. It is concluded that the adsorption of Congo red dye molecules can occur due to electrostatic and donor-acceptor interactions with the adsorbent surface containing various amount of active centers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cocoa Beans Shell Powder as a Bioadsorbent of Congo Red Dye Aqueous Solutions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellano ◽  
Juan Barajas-Fernández ◽  
Ricardo García-Alamilla ◽  
Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez ◽  
Antonio Hilario Lara-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Shell Powder

The use of synthetic dyes in the textile, leather, and paper industries is a source of groundwater pollution around the world. There are different methods for the treatment of wastewater that has been contaminated with dyes, among which adsorption with agro-industrial wastes is gaining relevance. In the present study, the adsorption capacity of cocoa bean shell powder was evaluated when it was used as a bioadsorbent for Congo red dye in an aqueous medium. A 24 central factorial design with central and axial points was proposed to determine the adsorption capacity. The factors that were studied were the adsorbent (0.06–0.15 g), Congo red (40–120 mg L−1), pH (3–11), and time (4–36 h). The bioadsorbent was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the factors on the adsorption capacity for Congo red using cocoa bean shell were nonlinear, and they were modeled with a second-order polynomial (p < 0.05) and with an R2 of 0.84. The bioadsorbent obtained a maximum adsorption of 89.96% in runs. The process of optimization by using the surface response allowed the maximization of the adsorption, and the validation showed that 95.79% adsorption of the dye was obtained.

scholarly journals Removal and Comparative Adsorption of Anionic Dye on Various MgAl synthetic Clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14986-14997
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Synthetic Clay

In this study, the adsorption of Congo red dye in an aqueous solution on two synthetic clay adsorbents, MgAl-LDH (2:1) and MgAl-LDH (3:1), was investigated using batch system experiments. The adsorbents' characterization was carried out by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. The conditions applied in the adsorption experiments including the mass of adsorbent, initial concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature. The kinetic data were modeled by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. Langmuir and Freundlich's models analyzed the adsorption isotherms of Congo red on the two adsorbents. It was found that the adsorption process could be described by Langmuir isotherm. The maximum amount of adsorption is 285.71 and 166.66 mg/g for MgAl-LDH (2:1) and MgAl-LDH (3:1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy ∆H°, enthalpy ∆S°, and free enthalpy ∆G° were also evaluated to predict the nature of adsorption.

scholarly journals Degradation of Anionic Dye using Fe /Tio2 Composite by Photocatalysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 788-791
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anionic Dye ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Colored Wastewater ◽  
Red Dye

Dyeing industry discharges large amount of colored wastewater into water bodies without proper treatment. There are various methods to treat wastewater, but recently Photocatalytic treatment has been proven effective. So an effective Iron /Titanium Dioxide (Fe/TiO2) photocatalytic composite has been synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized Fe /TiO2 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX). The photocatalytic degradation study of Fe/TiO2 composite under UV light was studied using the aqueous solution of anionic dye Congo Red. The effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, pH and initial concentration of the dye on degradation has been investigated. The maximum degradation of Congo Red dye concentration in aqueous medium was obtained at pH=5 and 200 mg/l of Fe/TiO2 composite for 10 mg/l concentration of Congo Red dye. Finally, the results prove that photodegradation of Congo Red dye in aqueous solution using composite was very effective under UV irradiation

An effective method for determining the retention and distribution of cellulose nanofibrils in paper handsheets by dye labeling

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengdan Wang ◽  
Wenhua Gao ◽  
Kefu Chen ◽  
Jinsong Zeng ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Mechanical Disintegration ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
White Water ◽  
Red Dye

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were prepared by cellulase in conjunction with mechanical disintegration from the bleached softwood kraft pulp and labelled by Congo red dye. The labelled CNF were used to investigate the retention and distribution of CNF in paper handsheets. The retention of the labelled CNF was obtained by measuring the absorbance of white water using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that this method for measuring the retention was rapid, feasible, and sensitive, owing to the high correlation coefficient R2 (0.9993) of the standard curve. The labelled CNF showed even distribution in paper handsheets. The colorimetric values of paper handsheets were explored with a residual ink analyzer.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

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