scholarly journals Nasal and Intravenous Administration of Dexmedetomidine to Prevent the Emergence Agitation After the Vascular Interventional Surgery in Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Lei ◽  
Liu Shen Ling ◽  
Pu Yanying ◽  
Peng Xiao Han ◽  
Xu Yun Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Emergence Agitation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasal Drop ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidences of postanesthetic restlessness and hemodynamic fluctuations in children within acceptable ranges. Dexmedetomidine nasal drop prior to the surgery reduces the EA after anesthesia. There are several studies that compare the effects of dexmedetomidine nasal drop and intravenous injection, in which they were administered prior to the induction of anesthesia.This double-blind, randomized, controlled study was performed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine nasal drop and intravenous injection on postoperative emergence agitation (EA), sedation, and hemodynamics in pediatric patients prior to and post surgery. METHODS: We randomly divided 120 children, who were enrolled in this study, into the control, dexmedetomidine nasal, and dexmedetomidine intravenous injection groups. The dexmedetomidine dose for nasal use was 2 µg / kg, and that for intravenous injection was 0.8 µg / kg. The nasal dose and the intravenous injection were, respectively, administered 30 and 10 min prior to the surgery being culminated. The EA was recorded within 30 min in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and within 3 h in the ward. The incidence of EA, Ramsay scores, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: In the PACU, the EA incidences in the nasal dose, intravenous injection, and control groups were 27.50%, 20.00%, and 52.50%, respectively. Statistical differences between the nasal and control groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.343, 95% CI [0.135–0.871]) and the intravenous and control groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.226, 95% CI [0.084–0.610]) were recorded. The EA incidence was not statistically different between the nasal and intravenous injection groups. The proportions of Propofol users were 52.50%, 27.50%, and 92.50% in the nasal spray, intravenous injection, and control groups, respectively. Statistically significant differences among the three groups (p < 0.05) were observed. The EA incidences in the nasal drop, intravenous injection, and control groups in the ward were 20.00%, 17.50%, and 70.00%, respectively. Statistically significant difference between the nasal drop and control groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.107, 95% CI [0.038–0.300]) and the intravenous and control groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.091, 95% CI [0.032–0.262]) were found. There was no significant difference in EA incidence between the nasal drop and intravenous injection groups. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine nasal and intravenous administrations have similar effects in reducing the EA incidence within 30 min in the PACU and 3 h in the ward. In the PACU the sedation depth in the intravenous injection group was greater than that in the nasal drop group and within the 3 h in the ward, the depth of sedation was the same for both administration routes. The intravenous injection affects the HR more than the nasal drop within 5 min of administration. Thus, dexmedetomidine nasal drop prior to the culmination of the surgery is more suitable for PACU and ward sedation to prevent EA. Trial registration: The registration number ,ChiCTR1900021325(http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx),The date of registration,02/15/2019.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Ozaki ◽  
Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽  
Ana Vitória Imbronito ◽  
Wellington Pessotti ◽  
Luciana Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this randomised, double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were randomly assigned to either a test group (herbal dentifrice) or positive control group (dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride). The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy, which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use. All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. No adverse reactions were reported. The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of the virtual reality application on experimental pain severity in healthy

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Dilek Karaman ◽  
Funda Erol ◽  
Dilek Yılmaz ◽  
Yurdanur Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Virtual Reality Application

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality application on experimental ischemic pain created with a blood pressure instrument in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 172 volunteer adult students who conformed to the inclusion criteria. These individuals were assigned into an experimental (n=86) and a control group (n=86) by a simple randomization method. All individuals in the experimental and control groups wereexperimentally subjected to pain for two minutes by applying 260 mmHg of pressure 3-4 cm above the antecubital region of the left arm with an aneroid adult-type blood pressure instrument. During the procedure, the volunteers in the experimental group watched virtual reality images, while those in the control group received no intervention. Immediately after the procedure, the pain levels of the individuals in both groups were assessed with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: We found that the mean pain score of the individuals in the experimental group was 2.62±1.82, and that of individuals in the control group was 5.75±1.65. Results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the mean pain scores of the individuals in the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study found that the use of virtual reality was effective in reducing the level of pain in healthy individuals. This method used a smartphone with widespread availability and ease of transportation, which can be used by health professionals as a non-pharmacological method in the management of pain.

scholarly journals Effects of Bushen-Jiangya granules on blood pressure and pharmacogenomic evaluation in low-to-medium risk hypertension: study protocol for a randomized double-blind controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaochen Yang ◽  
Xingjiang Xiong ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Yongmei Liu ◽  
Hongzheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Tcm Syndrome ◽  
And Control

Abstract IntroductionHypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and its treatment and control rates are still low worldwide. The most effective strategy is that patients with hypertension should be diagnosed and treated early. Preliminary studies showed that the Bushen Jiangya granule (BSJY) may suppress ventricular hypertrophy and inflammatory responses, lower blood pressure and protect the target organs of hypertension. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of BSJY in patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension.Methods and analysisThis trial is a one-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 260 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an experiment group (BSJY plus amlodipine) and a control group (placebo plus amlodipine). The trial cycle will last 8 weeks. The primary outcome is blood pressure, which is reduced to a threshold set out in Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines. The secondary outcomes include the change in 24-h average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate variability, pharmacogenomic Evaluation, improvement in TCM Syndrome, serum pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, etc. between the two groups. Safety in medication will also be evaluated. All the data will be recorded in electronic case report forms and analyzed by SPSS V.22.0.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by Research Ethics Committee of Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, China (No. 2019-186-KY-01). The participants are volunteers, understand the process of this trial and sign an informed consent. The results of this study will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences. DiscussionWe hypothesize that patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension will benefit from BSJY. If successful, this study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Ginkgo-Damole and Nitroglycerin or Sodium Nitroprusside on Hypertensive Cerebropathies: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Li Peng ◽  
Wei-kun Zhao ◽  
Tong-tong Xu ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Pan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective. To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of ginko-damole combined with nitroglycerin or unitary sodium nitroprusside on hypertensive cerebropathy. Methods. Four Chinese databases (VIP, CBM, Wanfang database, and CNKI database) and three English databases (Cochrane, PubMed, and EMBASE) were used to screen randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on treatments of hypertensive cerebropathy using both ginko-damole and nitroglycerin or unitary sodium nitroprusside. Outcomes included clinical effect, blood pressure after treatment, and adverse effects. These indicators were then analysed statistically using the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software. Results. Altogether, 16 RCTs including 1507 patients with hypertensive cerebropathy were included in the present meta-analysis, of which, 755 patients treated with combined ginko-damole and nitroglycerin were included in the observation group and 752 patients treated with sodium nitroprusside were included in the control group. The curative effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (RR: 1.115 [1.077, 1.155], p<0.05). DBPs of the observation and control groups were both lower after treatment, and no significant difference was observed between the observation and control groups (MD: −1.072 [−2.578, 0.434], p>0.05). SBPs in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (MD: −2.842 [−5.222, −0.462], p<0.05). The probability of adverse response in both groups did not differ significantly (RR: 0.752 [0.412, 1.374], p>0.05). Conclusion. Compared with sodium nitroprusside, the combined ginkgo-damole and nitroglycerin could better control blood pressure in patients with hypertensive cerebropathy and showed enhanced clinical effects and improved safety. However, due to poor quality of the included studies, results of the present meta-analysis should be confirmed by more stringent RCTs.

Is Continuous Transpulmonary Pressure Better Than Conventional Respiratory Management of Hyaline Membrane Disease? A Controlled Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-808
Author(s):  
David A. Belenky ◽  
Rosemary J. Orr ◽  
David E. Woodrum ◽  
W. Alan Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
And Control

The influence of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on mortality and complication rates in severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was evaluated in a randomized, prospective study. Patients were admitted to the study if the PO2 was ≤ 50 mm Hg with FiO2 ≥ 0.6. Twenty-four patients in each of three weight groups were equally divided between treatment and control groups. The treatment regimen included CPAP (6 to 14 cm H2O) for spontaneously breathing patients and PEEP for patients requiring mechanical ventilation for apnea or hypercapnia (PCO2 ≥ 65 mm Hg). Control patients received oxygen and were mechanically ventilated if they had apnea, hypercapnia, or PO2 ≤ 50 mm Hg with FiO2 ≥ 0.8. Oxygenation improved after the start of CPAP or PEEP; however, PCO2 rose after CPAP was initiated. There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in mortality, requirement for mechanical ventilation, or incidence of pulmonary sequelae. The incidence of pulmonary air-leak was increased with PEEP. The findings suggest that CPAP and PEEP have not significantly altered the outcome of HMD.

scholarly journals The effects of pulsatile flushing on phlebitis and peripheral intravenous catheters patency

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Background and Aim: Thrombophlebitis is considered as a major cause of peripheral intravenous catheters (PICs) failure. The flushing technique in the laboratory has been effective in clearing the catheter duct, but its effectiveness in the clinical setting is unknown, therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of pulsatile flushing on phlebitis, type, and duration of PICs patency in patients. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 71 patients admitted to the inpatient and surgical wards of Imam Khomeini Esfarayen Hospital were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups after sampling by available methods. In the intervention group, the flushing technique was performed by injecting 1 ml of the normal saline solution for one second, then interrupting less than one second and repeating the injection and interrupting until the end of 5 ml of the solution. The Consequences of this study were phlebitis, duration, and type of PICs patency, which were evaluated every 12 hours by using Jackson's phlebitis instrument and direct observation of the catheter. Results: The incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group was lower than the control group (P<0.001). In addition, two groups had a statistically significant difference in the type of PICs (P<0.001). The median duration of PICs patency in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Pulsatile flushing is an effective technique to increase longevity of PICs and recommended as a practical method in clinical setting.

scholarly journals Improving Medical School Education on the Care of Sexual Assault Patients: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Katherine Hoopes ◽  
Tessa Lewitt ◽  
Anum Naseem ◽  
Anne Messman ◽  
Sarkis Kouyoumjian
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Medicine Clerkship ◽  
Educational Module ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Comprehensive healthcare for survivors of sexual violence is essential to prevent the diverse sequelae associated with the assault. In partnership with a local rape crisis center, we designed an educational module with the goal of training medical students on the basic needs of sexual assault patients with the aim to see if there was a significant difference in preparedness to counsel such patients. Methods: This quantitative quasi-randomized controlled study tested the effectiveness of an educational module on improving medical student preparedness for encounters with victims of sexual assault. A one-hour presentation, focusing on basic medical and legal knowledge regarding sexual abuse and compassionate patient-centered care, was provided to the intervention group during their compulsory Year 4 Emergency Medicine clerkship orientation. At the end of the month, students in the intervention and control groups were assessed using a standardized patient encounter simulating the presentation of a victim of sexual assault. Scores were determined by standardized patients, who utilized two checklists-one widely used for communication skills (KEECC-A) and the other focusing on sexual assault (WC-SAFE-specific). Results: For the KEECC-A, there was no significant difference in scores between the control and intervention groups (p=0.9257, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 14.42,15.58]). The WC-SAFE-specific checklists were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p=0.0076, 95%CI 3.79,4.21).  Conclusion: Our sexual assault module increased preparedness of medical students for encounters with sexual assault victims and provide trauma-informed care.

scholarly journals The Effect of self-efficacy education based on self-care behaviors of self-administered hypertension groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Asa Kohne Forody ◽  
Mehdi Gholian Aval ◽  
Hadi Tehrani ◽  
Habibollah Esmaily
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
And Control

Introduction: High blood pressure is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment; despite being asymptomatic, it leads to fatal complaints and complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of education based on self-efficacy theory on self-care behaviors of hypertensive self-help groups in comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad in2020.  Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study in which 80 female patients with hypertension were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The educational intervention was based on the theory of self-efficacy for the experimental group. Data collection tools were a three-part questionnaire including: demographic information and a standard questionnaire of self-efficacy and self-care of blood pressure. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Friedman test and repeated measures and analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 20 with a significance level of 0.05 Results: There was a significant difference in self-efficacy (P <0.001) and self-care (P <0.001) scores and controlled blood pressure between the experimental and control groups. The self-care score increased by 0.84 which was also statistically significant (p <0.001) Conclusion: Intervention based on the theory of self-efficacy can be effective in promoting self-care and self-efficacy of blood pressure self-help groups. Therefore, it is suggested that this theory be used in educational planning for patients and blood pressure self-help groups.

Effect of a mobile-based educational app on blood pressure of patients with hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. e001577
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Falah ◽  
S A Sajadi ◽  
A H Pishgooie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

BackgroundHypertension is known as one of the most important non-communicable pervasive diseases.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a mobile-based educational app on the blood pressure (BP) of patients with hypertension.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted on 66 military personnel who were definitively diagnosed with hypertension by a physician, and then assigned randomly into two groups as intervention (receiving mobile-based educational app) and control (receiving standard medical management but no app). Before the intervention, BP levels of both groups were measured with a calibrated sphygmomanometer. After 6 weeks, the BPs of both groups were remeasured using the same sphygmomanometer. Thereafter, descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests, were used. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS-21 software at a significance level of p<0.05.ResultsComparison of the intervention and control groups showed no statistically significant difference between the groups in systolic BP (p=0.479) and diastolic BP (p=0.851) in the pre-intervention phase, but after the intervention, systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.0001).ConclusionThe results suggested that the mobile-based educational app had a significant effect on reducing BP in patients with hypertension. Therefore, using this app is recommended for those military personnel with hypertension.

scholarly journals Effects of growth hormone in patients with tibial fracture: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Raschke ◽  
Michael Højby Rasmussen ◽  
Shunmugam Govender ◽  
David Segal ◽  
Mette Suntum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Tibial Fracture ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Tibial Fractures ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Closed Fractures

Objective: Investigate whether intervention with GH after tibial fracture enhances fracture healing. Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 406 patients (93 women, 313 men, age: 18–64 years) with tibial fracture. Methods: Patients were stratified by tibial fracture (open or closed) and allocated to placebo or GH treatment (15, 30 or 60 μg/kg daily, until clinically assessed healing or until 16 weeks post-surgery). Primary outcome was time from surgery until fracture healing and assessment of healing was done centrally and observer blinded. Patients reported for evaluation every 4 weeks until 24 weeks, and at 9 and 12 months. Results: GH did not accelerate time to healing in the combined group of open and closed fractures. When separately analysing the closed and open fractures, a significant difference in time to healing was observed between treatment groups, exclusively in the closed fractures (P<0.05; subgroup analysis revealed that the 60 μg/kg group was significantly different from placebo). The relative risk of fracture healing for 60 μg/kg versus placebo during the 12 month was: all fractures, 1.16; 95% CI: (0.86; 1.57) (ns); closed fractures, 1.44; 95% CI: (1.01; 2.05; P<0.05); open fractures, 0.75; 95% CI: (0.42; 1.31) (ns). The estimated median number of days before fracture healing in closed fractures was 95 with 60 μg/kg versus 129 with placebo (95% CI: (94; 129) and (94; 249)) corresponding to approximately 26% decrease in healing time. Conclusions: In the overall group of open and closed tibial fractures, no significant enhancement of fracture healing was observed with GH, whereas in closed tibial fractures, GH accelerated healing significantly.

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