Lung Function in a Cohort of Italian Children Born Preterm

Abstract Background and aim: in children born preterm lung development may be affected with impairment of lung function in later ages. The aim of the study was assessing lung function in a cohort of school-aged children born preterm and assess the influence of perinatal variables. Methods: we measured lung function with impulse oscillometry system (IOS) and spirometry in 54 children [(male 48.1%, mean age 8.1 (0.8)] born preterm [mean birth weight (BW) 1462 (546.9) g, mean gestational age 31.5 (3) weeks] at Parma Children University Hospital (Italy). Maternal and perinatal data and respiratory medical history were also collected.Results: compared to predicted values, children born preterm showed higher mean values of airway impedance Z, airway resistance R5, R20, R5-20, area under the reactance curve AX and resonance frequency Fres, lower mean values of reactance X5 and FEF25-75. The mean difference between observed and predicted values of R5-R20 was higher in children born small for gestational age than in those born appropriate for gestational age. An inverse relationship was found between BW z-score and Z (r -0.40, r2 0.16; p 0.012) and R5 (r -0.44, r2 0.20; p 0.005) in children born with a BW <1500 g. Thirty-one per cent of children had a history of wheezing and 14.8% a history of lower respiratory infection requiring admission to the hospital.Conclusions: school-aged children born preterm had an impaired lung function, especially in the peripheral airways, as resulted by IOS and spirometry assessment. BW may have a role in lung development.

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Reduced atherogenic indices in prepubertal girls with precocious adrenarche born appropriate for gestational age in relation to the conundrum of DHEAS

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-12-0059 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ahmet Uçar ◽

Nurçin Saka ◽

Firdevs Baş ◽

Nihal Hatipoğlu ◽

Rüveyde Bundak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

University Hospital ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Precocious Adrenarche ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

Context An association between low birth weight, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis has been shown in girls with precocious adrenarche (PA). Objective To evaluate whether girls with PA born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) have increased risk for metabolic complications at initial evaluation. Design/methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 69 AGA born girls with PA (mean (±s.d.) age 7.1±1 years) and 45 body mass index (BMI)- and waist circumference (WC)-matched prepubertal peers born AGA (mean (±s.d.) 7.5±1.9 years). A standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test with insulin sampling was performed. Fasting plasma lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were analyzed, and blood pressure was recorded. Insulin sensitivity (IS) index (ISIcomp), homeostasis model assessment of IR, and atherogenic index (AI) (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were calculated. Setting The study was performed at University Hospital. Results AI was significantly lower in girls with PA than in controls (P<0.001), and it was correlated with BMI SDS (r=0.44, P=0.001) and WC (r=0.39, P=0.001). The significant correlation of AI with ISIcomp (r=−0.38, P=0.001) disappeared after correcting for BMI (r=−0.185, P=0.16). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that DHEAS was the only significant parameter influencing AI in girls with born AGA (R 2=0.475 β=−0.018, P=0.0001). Conclusions Metabolic screening in prepubertal AGA born girls with PA may yield favorable lipid profiles. AI in girls with PA is increased in relation to decreasing IS and increasing BMI and WC. DHEAS seems to have the most significant effect on AI.

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Cadmium quantification in Brazilian mothers colostrum: a regional study

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/s1519-38292005000200008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiz Fernando C. Nascimento ◽

Hélcio José Izário Filho ◽

Mariana Luz Pereira ◽

Nivaldo Baccan

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

University Hospital ◽

Regional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Independent Variables

OBJECTIVES: to estimate the amount of cadmium in human colostrum of mothers from Taubaté. METHODS: it was a cross-sectional study with mothers who delivered in University Hospital of Taubaté, in year 2003. The colostrum was collected in special tubes, one day after the delivery and frozen at -200 C. The independent variables were maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parity, dietary habits, smoking report and maternal occupation. Cadmium was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was used Mann-Whitney non-parametric approach to compare mean values; Pearson correlation was also used to verify associations. The level of significance was alpha = 5%. RESULTS: the mean value of cadmium was 54.5 mg/L (sd=381.0 mg/L). Cadmium was detected in 18 out of 58 samples (31.0%). There was neither correlation nor differences between the cadmium values and the independent variables maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parify and smoking report. CONCLUSIONS: these values are above those the amounts described in other papers and it is important to identify the possible sources of this heavy metal in maternal environment.

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Hemostatic Parameters in Newborn - I. Effect of Gestation and Rate of Intrauterine Growth

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661444 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (01) ◽

pp. 047-050 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B Dube ◽

R K Dube ◽

V Bhargava ◽

J K Kolindewala ◽

V L N Kota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

The Other ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

History Of ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

Preterm Newborns

SummaryThe present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post-term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation, after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after 33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms -similar values for SGA (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.

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Spirometric Lung Function Tests in School Children with Asthma

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6781 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Jesmin Ara Begum ◽

Mohammad Imnul Islam ◽

Abdul Matin

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Eosinophil Count ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Medical College ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

History Of ◽

Predicted Values ◽

New Generation ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background: Asthma is one of the important chronic disorder in childhood, the incidence of paediatric asthma is increasing in many countries. Atopy is highly associated with childhood asthma. Spirometric measurements of lung function are playing a key role in the diagnosis and management of asthma in children. Objective: To observe the lung function status in asthmatic children aged 6-15 years of both sexes. Method: The present observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka between January 2010 and June 2010. For this, 30 asthmatic children were selected from Out Patient Department of Paediatric, Dhaka Medical College as a case and 30 apparently healthy children were taken as control. Subjects with history of pneumonia, congenital heart disease were excluded from the study. Spirometry was conducted on all patients by using Spirolab a new generation spirometer according to American Thoracic Society standards FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% were measured. Measurement of PEFR was also done at the same time by using a new Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter. Serum Ig-E level was measured by ELISA method and circulating eosinophil count was also measured by observing in peripheral blood flim. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired student t test. Results: The mean percentages of predicted values FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, PEFR were significantly lower in asthmatic children compared to those of apparently healthy children(P<0.001). Statistically significant differences of mean circulating eosinophil count and Ig E level( P<0.001) were observed between the groups. Again significant number of parents of the subject had history of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows lung function status were lower in asthmatic children. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6781J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 75-79

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Low Selenium Levels in Amniotic Fluid Correlate with Small-For-Gestational Age Newborns

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3046 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ksenija Ogrizek-Pelkič ◽

Monika Sobočan ◽

Iztok Takač

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Mean Values ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Important Challenge ◽

Low Selenium

Background: Identifying women at risk for small-for-gestational-age newborns (SGA) is an important challenge in obstetrics. Several different risk factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of SGA. Previous research is inconclusive on the role selenium (Se) plays in the development of SGA. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the role of Se concentrations in amniotic fluid in order to understand its possible role in the development of SGA. Study Design: This prospective, single center study investigated the relationships between Se concentrations in amniotic fluid and pregnancy outcomes. Amniotic fluid was collected from pregnant women during amniocentesis at 16/17 weeks of pregnancy. Se values were determined using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and expressed in µg/L. Characteristics of mothers and newborns were obtained from women and delivery records. Results: 327 samples of amniotic fluid were evaluated. Patients with SGA newborns had significantly lower mean values of amniotic fluid concentrations of Se compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns (4.8 ± 1.9 µg/L versus 5.6 ± 2.5 µg/L (p = 0.017)). Adjusting for different risk factors, Se remained the only significant factor impacting the outcome of a newborn (b = −0.152, s.e. = 0.077; p < 0.048). Se levels in amniotic fluid did not correlate with pre-eclampsia or preterm delivery. Conclusion: Amniotic fluid Se levels represent a viable root of further investigation and assessment in order to identify women with low birth weight newborns early. Women with decreased Se levels had a statistically significant chance of developing SGA. Further research is needed to elucidate the link between Se, other trace elements, and other risk factors and their impact on the development of SGA newborns.

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Association between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Blood Pressure among Children with History of Low Birth Weight Appropriate for Gestational Age, Low Birth Weight Small for Gestational Age, and Normal Birth Weight in Manado, North Sulawesi

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2019/3263264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Adrian Umboh ◽

Rocky Wilar ◽

Valentine Umboh ◽

Adi Suryadinata Krisetya

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

History Of ◽

Hs Crp

Over the past years, low birth weight (LBW) has been proven to be attributed to a wide variety of long-term morbidities, including hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood pressure (BP) in children with a history of LBW appropriate for gestational age (LBW AGA), LBW small for gestational age (LBW SGA), and normal birth weight appropriate for gestational age (NBW AGA). The study cohort comprised children aged 9–12 years who were born in 2007–2010 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado and resided in the city of Manado from March to August 2019. The children who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for BP and hs-CRP level. A total of 120 children who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Analysis for the association between LBW and NBW with systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed statistical significance (p=0.007). Linear regression analysis indicated a strongly significant influence of BW on serum hs-CRP level and SBP. Every 1 g increase in BW results in a decrease of serum hs-CRP level of 0.001 mg/L. Every 1 g increase in BW is attributed to 0.004 mmHg decrease in SBP. An increase in hs-CRP by 1 mg/L increases the SBP by 4.99 mmHg and DBP by 2.88 mmHg. LBW significantly correlates with hs-CRP level and higher SBP. A comprehensive education must be undertaken for the families who have children with LBW to reduce the risk of developing hypertension later in their life.

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Frequency of pre-eclampsia in patients with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at twenty two to twenty four weeks of gestation.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.06.4379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (06) ◽

pp. 1280-1284

Author(s):

Shagufta Tabassum ◽

Samina Mumtaz ◽

Asiya Fayyaz ◽

Faiza Suman ◽

Saima Yasmin Qadir

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Previous History ◽

University Hospital ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Interpregnancy Interval ◽

Uterine Artery Doppler ◽

History Of

Objectives: To determine the frequency of pre-eclampsia among pregnant ladies with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 22- 24 weeks of gestation at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Medical University / Hospital Multan. Period: All the women (n=160) with abnormal uterine artery from 01-07-2018 to 30-06-2019 were included. Material & Methods: The pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery Doppler was taken by taking average of 3 consecutive waveforms to determine the abnormal uterine artery Doppler. These study cases were followed till delivery to document pre-eclampsia. Results: Of these 160 study cases, 89 (55.6 %) had gestational age up to 23 weeks while 71 (44.4 %) had gestational age more than 23 weeks having mean age of 25.44 ± 4.77 years. Of these 160 pregnant ladies with abnormal uterine artery Doppler, 72 (45.0 %) were resident of rural areas and 88 (55.0 %) were resident of urban areas and family history of pre-eclampsia was 42 (26.3%). Previous history of pre-eclampsia was noted in 41 (25.6%). Mean parity was 2.24 ± 1.06 and 113 (70.6%) had parity up to 3. Mean gravidity of our study cases was 3.87 ± 1.16 and 89 (55.6%) had gravidity up to 4. Obesity was present in 30 (18.8 %) having mean body mass index 25.23 ± 1.92 kg/m2. Mean interpregnancy interval was 14.19 ± 6.82 months and 83 (51.9 %) had interpregnancy interval more than 1 year and pre-eclampsia was noted in 125 (78.1%). Conclusion: Very high frequency of pre-eclampsia was noted in our study in pregnant women presenting with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 22 – 24 weeks of gestation. Pre-eclampsia was significantly associated with age, family history of pre-eclampsia, previous history of pre-eclampsia and interpregnancy interval.

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Retrospective Study of Factors Potentially Influencing Occurrence of Cough in Slovak Patients with Sarcoidosis

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2019/3808206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Eva Kovacova ◽

Robert Vysehradsky ◽

Ivan Kocan ◽

Jana Plevkova ◽

Tomas Buday

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Lung Function ◽

Calcium Metabolism ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

University Hospital ◽

Smoking History ◽

Cell Ratio ◽

Average Value ◽

Predicted Values

Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, commonly involving the lungs.  Cough is a frequent and troublesome symptom of sarcoidosis that reduces patients’ quality of life. Aim. Retrospective analysis of different factors—smoking history, Scadding stage, results of lung function testing, calcium metabolism, endobronchial finding, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and other sarcoidosis symptoms in relationship to presence/absence of cough in sarcoidosis patients. Methods. We retrospectively studied sarcoidosis patients diagnosed at the Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology of Martin University Hospital between 1998 and 2018. Patients with a history of cough-relevant comorbidities were excluded from the study. GraphPad Prism 7.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis. Results. 101 sarcoidosis patients were included to the study: 65 patients reporting from cough and 36 without cough. The cough was slightly more frequent in nonsmokers (p=0.166) and in women (p=0.688). Cough was associated with dyspnoea (p=0.0007), fever (p=0.0324), and chest pain (p=0.0206) and did not associate with arthralgia (p=0.317) and erythema nodosum (p=0.505). Patients with cough had significantly a lower average value of calciuria (p=0.0014) and lower MEF25 (p=0.0304), MEF50 (p=0.0061), FEV1 (p=0.0025), and FVC (p=0.0025) in % of predicted values, and more often positive endobronchial finding (p=0.0206), compared to patients without cough. Calcemia, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in BALF and occurrence of cough did not differ between different stages of the disease. Conclusions. We found significant differences between sarcoidosis patients with/without cough regarding symptoms, results of lung function tests, endobronchial finding, and calcium metabolism. Further research is needed to understand the etiopathogenesis of cough in sarcoidosis patients.

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Ventilatory function among healthy young Saudi adults: a comparison with Caucasian reference values

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0501.020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 157-161

Author(s):

Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽

Farag A. Aly

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Reference Values ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Lung Function Tests ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

Abstract Background: Ethnic differences in lung function are recognized. However, most of the modern lung function equipments are pre-programmed with Caucasian reference values. Objective: Measure spirometric values among healthy Saudi male and female adults and compare with the Caucasian reference values in a standard spirometer. Methods: Thirty healthy Saudi young adults (15 males and 15 females; mean age 25 years) participated in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were recorded using a portable digital spirometer. Results: Mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) and MVV for the Saudi subjects were significantly lower than the Caucasians predicted values. Conclusion: Interpretation of lung function tests of Saudi subjects based on the Caucasian prediction equations is generally not valid, as the parameters of lung function tests in Saudi subjects are lower than the Caucasian reference values. The present results underline an urgent need for larger studies to develop prediction equations based on normative spirometric values for Saudi population involving subjects of all ages and both genders living in different climates of the country.

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Gas-filled urachal abscess with a pinging sound in a heifer calf

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/61/2019-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 362-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Sato ◽

K Yamada ◽

Y Shinozuka ◽

H Ochiai ◽

K Onda

Keyword(s):

Fistulous Tract ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Abdominal Distension ◽

Intravenous Urography ◽

University Hospital ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Poor Growth ◽

History Of ◽

Heifer Calf ◽

Urachal Abscess

A 6-month-old crossbred of a Holstein and Japanese Black heifer calf weighing 95 kg presented with a history of intermittent abdominal distension and failure to thrive. The physical examination identified a pinging sound over the dorsal left flank. The abdominal radiography showed a huge gas-filled mass. The intravenous urography revealed no communication between the mass and the urinary bladder. Although the visual examination and palpation of the umbilicus did not reveal visible abnormalities, an umbilical disease was suspected because the animal exhibited poor growth, depression, and a hunched back posture. When the eschar adhering to the centre of the umbilicus was removed, the presence of a fistulous tract was revealed. The umbilical ultrasound examination revealed an intra-abdominal abscess and the fistulography demonstrated that the abscess communicated with the umbilicus. The abscess, compressing into the rumen, was observed by computed tomography. From these images, it was diagnosed as an umbilical cord remnant abscess and a definitive diagnosis of a urachal abscess was obtained by open abdominal surgery and the subsequent removal of the mass. The calf was discharged from the university hospital on day 14 after the operation. This case shows that a urachal abscess should be considered when a pinging sound is present, even if the animal exhibits no swelling or pain of the umbilicus.

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