scholarly journals High parity is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Demelash Woldeyohannes ◽  
Daniel Atlaw ◽  
Fikreab Desta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
High Parity ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. High parity has long been suspected with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Evidence from the existing epidemiological studies regarding the association between parity and cervical cancer is variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the best available evidence on the epidemiological association between parity and cervical cancer. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, HINARI, Google scholar, Science direct, and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched. Cochrane Q statistics and I2 tests were performed to assess heterogeneity among included studies. Begg's test and egger's regression analysis were performed to assess publication bias. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to compute pooled odds ratio of the association between parity and cervical cancer. Results: A total of 6975 participants (1998 patients; 4977 controls) were incorporated in the 13 articles included in the final meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that women with parity greater than or equal to three had 2.4 times higher odds of developing cervical cancer compared to women with parity less than three [pooled odds ratio (POR) = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9-3.2]. Conclusion: High parity is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Strong epidemiological studies are recommended to further explore the mechanisms and role of parity in the causation of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Association Between Infections and Risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Aihong Zhou ◽  
Lei Tao ◽  
Yingxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundPrevious literature on the association between infections and the risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis (AS) presented controversial results. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively investigate the effect of infections on the risk of AS.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases until March 26, 2021 for analytical epidemiological studies on the association between infections and the risk of AS. Fixed or random effect models were used to calculate total risk estimates based on study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Publication bias was estimated using funnel plots and Begg’s test.ResultsSix case-control articles (n=1,296,239) and seven cohort articles (n=7,618,524) were incorporated into our meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) from these case-control studies showed that infections were associated with an increased risk of AS (OR=1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.73), and the pooled relative risk (RR) from the cohort studies showed the same findings (RR=1.35, 95% CI, 1.12–1.63). Subgroup analysis showed that infections in participants with unadjusted comorbidities (OR=1.66, 95% CI, 1.35–2.03), other types of infection (OR=1.40, 95% CI, 1.15–1.70), and infection of the immune system (OR=1.46, 95% CI, 1.42–1.49) were associated with the risk of AS in case-control studies. In cohort studies, infections with adjusted comorbidities (RR=1.39, 95% CI, 1.15–1.68), viral infection (RR=1.43, 95% CI, 1.22–1.66), other types of infection (RR=1.44, 95% CI, 1.12–1.86), and other sites of infection (RR=1.36, 95% CI, 1.11–1.67) were associated with an increased risk of AS.ConclusionsThe findings of this meta-analysis confirm that infections significantly increase the risks of AS. This is helpful in providing an essential basis for the prevention of AS via the avoidance of infections.

scholarly journals Association between Anemia and Risk of Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yao-Chin Wang ◽  
Abel Po-Hao Huang ◽  
Sheng-Po Yuan ◽  
Chu-Ya Huang ◽  
Chieh-Chen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background and Objective. People with anemia have higher rates of developing Parkinson disease (PD) than the general population. Previous epidemiological studies have invested the risk of PD in patients with anemia. However, the findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, we did a systematic review with meta-analysis to clarify the association between anemia and risk of PD. Methods. We systematically searched articles on electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar between January 1, 2000 and July 30, 2020. Articles were independently evaluated by two authors. We included observational studies (case-control and cohort) and calculated the risk ratios (RRs) for associated with anemia and PD. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the Q and I 2 statistic. We utilized the random-effect model to calculate the overall RR with 95% CI. Results. A total of 342 articles were identified in the initial searches, and 7 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility. Three articles were further excluded for prespecified reasons including insufficient data and duplications, and 4 articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. A random effect model meta-analysis of all 4 studies showed no increased risk of PD in patients with anemia ( N = 4 , R R adjusted = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94-1.45, p = 0.15 ). However, heterogeneity among the studies was significant ( I 2 = 92.60 , p = < 0.0001 ). The pooled relative risk of PD in female patients with anemia was higher ( N = 3 , R R adjusted = 1.14 (95% CI: 0.83-1.57, p = 0.40 ) as compared to male patients with anemia ( N = 3 , R R adjusted = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.83-1.42, p = 0.51 ). Conclusion. This is the first meta-analysis that shows that anemia is associated with higher risk of PD when compared with patients without anemia. However, more studies are warranted to evaluate the risk of PD among patients with anemia.

scholarly journals Association between Smoking and Risk of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Karn Wijarnpreecha ◽  
Monia Werlang ◽  
Panadeekarn Panjawatanan ◽  
Paul T Kroner ◽  
Omar Y Mousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers

Background & Aims: Studies have suggested that smokers may have a higher risk of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) although the results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to better characterize the risk of PBC among smokers by identifying all relevant studies and summarizing their results together. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Embase and Pubmed/MEDLINE databases from inception to September 2018 to identify all studies which compared the risk of PBC among current, ever and former smokers to non-smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results: Nine case-control studies with 21,577 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of PBC among ever smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03-1.67; I 2 89%). Subgroup analysis found that the risk was higher in both former smokers (pooled OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.84; I 2 75%) and current smokers (pooled OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94-1.50; I 2 79%), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect of cigarettes were the possible mechanisms behind this increased risk. Conclusions: A significantly increased risk of PBC among individuals who ever smoked was observed in this study, adding to the already long list of harmful health consequences of smoking.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of occupational exposure to free crystalline silica and systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Alberto Morotti ◽  
Irena Sollaku ◽  
Simona Catalani ◽  
Franco Franceschini ◽  
Ilaria Cavazzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Crystalline Silica

Abstract Objectives Some evidence suggests that exposure to free crystalline silica may contribute to the risk of developing SLE. A systematic search was carried out for all published epidemiological studies concerning this association. A meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for original articles published from 1960 to November 2019 in any language. In addition, we also searched the reference lists of included studies manually for additional relevant articles. Finally, seven studies were included in the systematic review and six studies in the meta-analysis (four case–control and two cohort studies). The odds ratio and 95% CI were calculated using a random effect meta-analysis. Results The meta-analysis of the studies, applying a random effect model, yielded an overall odds ratio of 3.49 (95% CI, 1.24, 9.83), with I2 = 92.36% (pronounced heterogeneity). We also stratified the meta-analysis by study design; case–control studies: odds ratio 1.85 (95% CI, 0.96, 3.59) with I2 = 75.92%; and cohort studies (cases with silicosis): odds ratio 9.71 (95% CI, 1.13, 83.58) with I2 = 72.65%. Conclusions The obtained results support the hypothesis of a possible association between occupational exposure to free crystalline silica and SLE, in particular at higher exposure levels, known to induce silicosis. The studies that have investigated this association are still scarce and the heterogeneity between the studies remains high. New studies are deemed necessary to confirm the association.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
David M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cancer Incidence and Mortality among Petroleum Industry Workers and Residents Living in Oil Producing Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4343
Author(s):  
Felix M. Onyije ◽  
Bayan Hosseini ◽  
Kayo Togawa ◽  
Joachim Schüz ◽  
Ann Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Petroleum extraction and refining are major sources of various occupational exposures and of air pollution and may therefore contribute to the global cancer burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the cancer risk in petroleum-exposed workers and in residents living near petroleum facilities. Relevant studies were identified and retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science databases. Summary effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analysed using random effect models, and heterogeneity across studies was assessed (I2). Overall, petroleum industry work was associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma (ES = 2.09, CI: 1.58–2.76), skin melanoma (ES = 1.34, CI: 1.06–1.70 multiple myeloma (ES =1.81, CI: 1.28–2.55), and cancers of the prostate (ES = 1.13, Cl: 1.05–1.22) and urinary bladder (ES = 1.25, CI: 1.09–1.43) and a decreased risk of cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, and pancreas. Offshore petroleum work was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (ES = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03–1.39) and leukemia (ES = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.12–1.92) in stratified analysis. Residential proximity to petroleum facilities was associated with childhood leukemia (ES = 1.90, CI: 1.34–2.70). Very few studies examined specific exposures among petroleum industry workers or residents living in oil producing communities. The present review warrants further studies on specific exposure levels and pathways among petroleum-exposed workers and residents living near petroleum facilities.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Contraceptives and cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and metanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Giacchetta ◽  
M Chiavarini ◽  
G Naldini ◽  
R Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The probability of developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is higher in women than in men up until the age of 49. Several studies investigated the association between hormonal factors and CMM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on the association between Oral Contraceptives (OC) and the risk of CMM. Methods This review and meta-analysis follow the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Web of Science until December 2019. Studies were eligible if reported a risk estimate for the association between OC and CMM. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect model. Results The results of the pooled analysis of all 32 studies showed no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11; I2=39.32%, p = 0.013). The stratified analyses by study design found no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM neither in the 18 case-control studies (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87-1.21; I2=56.91%, p = 0.002) nor in the 14 cohort studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.98-1.11; I2=0.00%, p = 0.557). No significant publication bias could be detected by Egger's test or Begg's test. Conclusions This meta-analysis of available literature suggests no significant association between OC and the risk of developing CMM. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the possible relationship of OC use and other hormonal factors potentially contributing to the increased risk of CMM in women during their reproductive years. Key messages Oral contraceptives (OC) do not significantly contribute to the risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of other hormonal factors in the increased probability of developing CMM in women during their reproductive years.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis: Assocation between promoter hypermethylation of DAPK (Death-Associated Protein Kinase) and cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Lao Duc Thuan ◽  
Truong Kim Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Death Associated Protein Kinase

Purpose: Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK or DAPK1) is an important tumor suppressor protein that involved in the regulation of cell activities. The aberrant methylation of DAPK promoter has been reported in patients with cervical cancer. However, the association between of DAPK1 and cervical cancer was not always unification, in previous studies. Therefore, in current study, a meta-analysis was performed for association of between DAPK gene’s promoter hypermethylated and cervical cancer. Methods: A systematic literature analysis was conducted based on the previous studies published in PubMed, PubMed Central (NCBI), Google by using following keywords: cervical cancer, cervical carcinoma, Methylation, by the end of January, 2018. The association between DAPK promoter methylation and cervical cancer was evaluated by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). To evaluate the potential sources of heterogeneity, the meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted. Results: A total of 21 case-control studies which relevant to the association between DAPK1 gene’s promoter methylation frequency and cervical cancer, that including 1600 cancer cases and 1011 control cases (non-cancerous cases). The analysis results indicated that the characteristic of candidate gene’s promoter methylation increased the cervical cancer risk through the calculation of OR value (OR = 21.25; 95% CI = 8.73 – 52.97; p < 0.001; Random effect model). The association between DAPK1 gene’s promoter hypermethylation was confirmed in all the subgroups analyses, including materials and assays methods, ethnicity. Furthermore, this association is higher in cervical squamous cell carcinoma than cervical adenocarcinoma and is a characteristic of late-stage disease. Conclusion: The hypermethylated DAPK1 gene’s promoter was also one of etiological factor, lead to the cervical tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Cerebral microbleeds and risk of adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Corica ◽  
G.F Romiti ◽  
V Raparelli ◽  
R Cangemi ◽  
S Basili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Long-term anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) imposes a careful balance between the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks. An association between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has already been described; however, conflicting evidence exist on the association with ischemic stroke (IS). Although CMBs are often observed in AF patients, the actual prevalence and the magnitude of the risk of adverse events in patients with CMBs is unclear. Purpose We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of CMBs in patients with AF through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Additionally, we evaluated the risk of ICH and IS according to the presence and burden of CMBs. Methods We perform a systematic search on PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 6th March 2021. We included all studies reporting the prevalence of CMBs, the incidence of ICH and/or IS in AF by presence of CMBs. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (OR), along with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), were computed using random-effect models; we also calculated 95% Prediction Intervals (PI) for each outcome investigated. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses according to the number and localization of CMBs. Results We retrieved 562 records from the literature search, and 17 studies were finally included. Pooled prevalence of CMBs in AF population was 28.3% (95% CI: 23.8%-33.4%; 95% PI: 12.2%-52.9%, Figure 1). Individuals with CMBs showed a higher risk of both ICH (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.83–5.06) and IS (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.26–2.49). Moreover, patients with more than 5 CMBs, as well as patients with both lobar and mixed CMBs, showed a higher risk of ICH. Conclusions CMBs were found in 28.3% of AF patients, with 95% PIs indicating a potentially higher prevalence. Moreover, CMBs were associated with an increased risk of both ICH and IS, with the effect potentially modulated by their number and localization. CMBs may represent an important and often overlooked risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with AF. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Prevalence of CMBs in patients with AF

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF IL-8 -251T>A (RS4073) POLYMORPHISM WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GASTRIC CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS BASED ON 33 CASE-CONTROL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Mansour MOGHIMI ◽  
Seyed Alireza DASTGHEIB ◽  
Naeimeh HEIRANIZADEH ◽  
Mohammad ZARE ◽  
Elnaz SHEIKHPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The role of -251A>T polymorphism in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene in gastric cancer was intensively evaluated, but the results of these studies were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive data on the association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism with gastric cancer. METHODS: All eligible studies were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang and CNKI databases before September 01, 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a fixed effect or random effect model. RESULTS: A total of 33 case-control studies with 6,192 cases and 9,567 controls were selected. Overall, pooled data showed that IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer under all five genetic models, i.e., allele (A vs T: OR=1.189, 95% CI 1.027-1.378, P=0.021), homozygote (AA vs TT: OR=1.307, 95% CI 1.111-1.536, P=0.001), heterozygote (AT vs TT: OR=1.188, 95% CI 1.061-1.330, P=0.003), dominant (AA+AT vs TT: OR=1.337, 95% CI 1.115-1.602, P=0.002) and recessive (AA vs AT+TT: OR=1.241, 95% CI 1.045-1.474, P=0.014). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed an increased risk of gastric cancer in Asians and mixed populations, but not in Caucasians. Moreover, stratified by country found a significant association in Chinese, Korean and Brazilian, but not among Japanese. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, especially by ethnicity (Asian and mixed populations) and country (Chinese, Korean and Brazilian).

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