Responding to Inmates' Health Needs in Zambia: A Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Muchinda ◽  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Chrispin Mweemba ◽  
Chileshe Chisela ◽  
Wilbroad Mutale
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Barriers To Implementation

Abstract Introduction{Fazel, 2011 #25}Worldwide, the rates of infectious and non-infectious diseases in prisons is generally higher than that of the general population. Although Zambia has adopted international and local guidelines to address prisoners’ health, the disease burden remains high in Zambian prisons. This study therefore explored barriers to translation and implementation of the legislative acts and guidelines that deal with health for inmates in correctional facilities. MethodsThis was a case study. Data was gathered through key informant interviews with stakeholders supporting inmates’ health in Zambia. These included the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Justice, Zambia Correctional Service, NGOs and UN agencies. The policy triangle was used to guide data collection, organization and analysis. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Nvivo software version 12 was used for data coding. ResultsContext: There was political will and commitment to address inmate’s health in Zambia but was constrained by inadequate resources, infrastructure and trained Health Care Workers. Actors: Many key actors were not aware of key policy documents and guidelines addressing inmates’ health in Zambia. Coordination among partners was poor and efforts were underway to address lack of coordination in providing good health services to inmates. The role of the Ministry of health, as the lead partner, was emphasised going forward. Process: It was revealed that the policy development and implementation process was not consultative. There was weak inter-ministerial collaboration and lack of completion of the domestication process of the international guidelines, and this resulted in poor coordination and implementation of legal provision on inmates’ health.ConclusionDespite the existence of key legal and policy guidelines to address prisoners’ health in Zambia, there remain several barriers to implementation. These include lack of resources, lack of awareness and poor coordination among partners working in this sector. It will be important for the Ministry of Health to provide leadership and resources to raise awareness about prisoners’ health and a policy provision to support this process. Resources and infrastructure will be key to addressing the current challenges related to providing quality care for inmates in Zambia.

The political economy of and practical policies for inclusive growth—a case study of Scotland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Houston ◽  
Georgiana Varna ◽  
Iain Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Inclusive Governance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Civic Institutions

Abstract The concept of ‘inclusive growth’ (IG) is discussed in a political economy framework. The article reports comparative analysis of economic and planning policy documents from Scotland, England and the UK and findings from expert workshops held in Scotland, which identify four key policy areas for ‘inclusive growth’: skills, transport and housing for young people; city-regional governance; childcare; and place-making. These policies share with the ‘Foundational Economy’ an emphasis on everyday infrastructure and services, but add an emphasis on inter-generational justice and stress the importance of community empowerment as much as re-municipalisation. Factors enabling IG policy development include: the necessary political powers; a unifying political discourse and civic institutions; and inclusive governance and participatory democracy.

scholarly journals Decision-making process for introduction of maternal vaccines in Kenya, 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Otieno ◽  
Fauzia A. Malik ◽  
Stacy W. Nganga ◽  
Winnie N. Wairimu ◽  
Dominic O. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers and their newborns. Recent developments in the science and safety of maternal vaccinations have made possible development of new maternal vaccines ready for introduction in low- and middle-income countries. Decisions at the policy level remain the entry point for maternal immunization programs. We describe the policy and decision-making process in Kenya for the introduction of new vaccines, with particular emphasis on maternal vaccines, and identify opportunities to improve vaccine policy formulation and implementation process. Methods We conducted 29 formal interviews with government officials and policy makers, including high-level officials at the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group, and Ministry of Health officials at national and county levels. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the qualitative data using NVivo 11.0 software. Results All key informants understood the vaccine policy formulation and implementation processes, although national officials appeared more informed compared to county officials. County officials reported feeling left out of policy development. The recent health system decentralization had both positive and negative impacts on the policy process; however, the negative impacts outweighed the positive impacts. Other factors outside vaccine policy environment such as rumours, sociocultural practices, and anti-vaccine campaigns influenced the policy development and implementation process. Conclusions Public policy development process is complex and multifaceted by its nature. As Kenya prepares for introduction of other maternal vaccines, it is important that the identified policy gaps and challenges are addressed.

scholarly journals Systemic Challenges Facing Public Procurement Policy Development in Tanzania: An Institutional Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakari Maligwa Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procurement Policy ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Development Data

Public procurement policy is vital for effective, efficient, economic, and transparent functioning of the public procurement system. Policy development is a political decision making platform. This paper tries to do an institutional analysis dwelling on the identification of the relevant systemic challenges and the related issues facing public procurement policy development in Tanzania. The paper utilises institutional and Delphi policy analyses to analyse systemic challenges facing public procurement policy development. Data for this paper were collected through Delphi in-depth interviews and documentary reviews and analysis. Data analysis were done by thematic and Delphi policy analyses. Analyses of data and evidences show that, Tanzania has been evidenced to have no public procurement policy. The public procurement policy development process has been halted for at least four years since 2012 due systemic challenges. The identified and analysed relevant systemic challenges facing public procurement policy development, inter alia, were: neglected politics and lack of political willingness; unrealistic policy process model; failure to achieve the desired qualities of policy development and difficult in achieving the policy qualities and therefore failure to make progress; and incoherent and incomplete institutional and structural changes that led to the emergence of new institutional and structural challenges.

Policy, practice and racism: social cohesion in action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanib Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Ethnic Minority Women ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Policy Impacts

This chapter considers some questions related to policy development, as policy impacts all areas of community life. In particular, it explores the concept of social cohesion in neighbourhoods, which is currently a key policy issue. The context for this includes internal conflicts between groups competing for the same scarce resources, structural inequality, housing and environment neglect, crime, and disorder, creating segregation and a culture of ‘us and them’. Moreover, this chapter finds that arts methodology is a tool for ethnic minority women and young people to negotiate boundaries and hostile territories and to engage in policy questions on community cohesion through photography, portraits, and poetry.

scholarly journals Autonomy Levels of Nursing Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
şefika dilek güven
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Autonomy is one of the vocational criteria of the nursing profession and is essential for safe and quality care. Nurses begin to learn the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values associated with their professional roles during their school years. Nursing students should primarily have a high level of autonomy to protect and improve individuals’ health, and enhance their life quality in the future. This descriptive study was carried out with 285 nursing students to determine their autonomy levels. The study data were collected using a personal information form and the autonomy subscale (AS) of the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale. For the analysis of the data, numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation values, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis tests were employed, and the significance level was accepted as p <0.05. The mean total score of the students obtained from AS was 103.65 ± 18.34. Their scores from the subscales of AS were 42.68 ± 8.16 for “personal achievement”, 40.77 ± 7.70 for “freedom”, and 20.20 ± 4.70 for “enjoying loneliness”. The mean total score of the first-grade students was found to be higher than that of other grades, but the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The autonomy level of the students was found to be above the middle level, and the autonomy level of 1st-grade students was higher than that of the students in other grades.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of pharmacovigilance policy implementation in Jordan, Oman, and Kuwait using Matland’s ambiguity-conflict model

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Y. Garashi ◽  
Douglas T. Steinke ◽  
Ellen I. Schafheutle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Conflict Model

Abstract Background As Arab countries seek to implement the ‘Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practice (GVP) for Arab countries’, understanding policy implementation mechanisms and the factors impacting it can inform best implementation practice. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of and factors influencing pharmacovigilance policy implementation in Arab countries with more established pharmacovigilance systems (Jordan, Oman), to inform policy implementation in a country with a nascent pharmacovigilance system (Kuwait). Results Matland’s ambiguity-conflict model served to frame data analysis from 56 face-to-face interviews, which showed that policy ambiguity and conflict were low in Jordan and Oman, suggesting an “administrative implementation” pathway. In Kuwait, policy ambiguity was high while sentiments about policy conflict were varied, suggesting a mixture between “experimental implementation” and “symbolic implementation”. Factors reducing policy ambiguity in Jordan and Oman included: decision-makers’ guidance to implementors, stakeholder involvement in the policy’s development and implementation, training of policy implementors throughout the implementation process, clearly outlined policy goals and means, and presence of a strategic implementation plan with appropriate timelines as well as a monitoring mechanism. In contrast, policy ambiguity in Kuwait stemmed from the absence or lack of attention to these factors. Factors reducing policy conflict included: the policy’s compliance with internationally recognised standards and the policy’s fit with local capabilities (all three countries), decision-makers’ cooperation with and support of the national centre as well as stakeholders’ agreement on policy goals and means (Jordan and Oman) and adopting a stepwise approach to implementation (Jordan). Conclusions Using Matland’s model, both the mechanism of and factors impacting successful pharmacovigilance policy implementation were identified. This informed recommendations for best implementation practice in Arab as well as other countries with nascent pharmacovigilance systems, including increased managerial engagement and support, greater stakeholder involvement in policy development and implementation, and undertaking more detailed implementation planning.

scholarly journals Development and Contextualization of Multicultural Insight-Based Quran Hadith Materials in Madrasah Aliyah

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Sukino Sukino ◽  
Wahab Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Murliji
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Multicultural Perspective

<p> </p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">Indonesian Muslims are faced with the realities of life that are multi-ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic. It must be responded critically as early as possible. The understanding of diversity (multiculturalism) should truly be the foundation of all components of the Muslim community without exception for the students. Therefore this paper intends to answer 1) material content of Quran Hadith with a multicultural perspective at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Pontianak, and 2) Development and contextualization of Qur'an Hadith material in daily life. This research was categorized as field research and literature study. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews and document analysis. Data analysis was through two models, namely content analysis and Miles and Huberman's model which involved analysis steps, namely: data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification. The authors’ findings on this study are that the content of the Quran Hadith with a multicultural perspective in Madrasah Aliyah is carried out by expanding the reading, the meaning of the implementation of tolerance, social ethics, justice, deliberation / democracy concepts which are constructed from the Islamic universal values and moderation (washathiyah) so they can foster a tolerant and empathy (alturism) attitutes to human beings as a manifestation of an obedient servant.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Institutional Factors on Sustainable Renewable Energy Policy Development: New Evidence from the Thai Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Pasakorn Sakolsatayatorn
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Renewable Energy Policy ◽  
Sustainable Renewable Energy

Renewable energy has become the buzzword in the 21st century especially during the United Nations declarations of the Submit 21 in which world leaders renewed their efforts in achieving the seventeen sustainable development goals. One of the challenges of the developing world is achieving a reliable energy supply for industrialization and energy security. Thailand is one of the countries with the highest energy consumption within the ASEAN region and hence, several policies have been implemented to deploy a clean source of energy for both domestic and manufacturing purposes. However, there are many institutional factors that seem to impede this drive for a greener energy supply in the country. This study sought to investigate the institutional factors that support sustainable renewable energy policy development in the Thai context. The study selected 400 respondents from renewable energy producing companies in Bangkok and Ayutthaya using a survey instrument. The results were analyze using SPSS version 22.0 with multiple regression technique. The results showed that institutional variables such as stakeholder involvement, government R&D framework, regulatory procedures, and government subsidies had an influence on sustainable renewable policy development. The study recommends that future government policies should engage key stakeholders in the policy dialogue and implementation process.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of Bahrain and Kuwait herbal medicine registration systems: policy implementation and readiness to change

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar H. Alostad ◽  
Douglas T. Steinke ◽  
Ellen I. Schafheutle
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Kuwaiti drug regulatory authority (DRA) lack a structured classification system for the assessment of imported herbal medicines (HMs), which leads to ambiguity in the registration process. This study aimed to examine the policy development and implementation process in an established HM registration system (Bahrain) and harness lessons to inform recommendations for a suitable HM classification system and explore implementation readiness in Kuwait. Methods A sequential study design was chosen, with data collected in Bahrain (case 1), recommendations formed and readiness for implementation explored subsequently in Kuwait (case 2). With ethics and DRA approval in place, data sources were documentary review of regulatory policies, direct observations of HMs registration processes, and semi-structured interviews with twenty three key officials involved in the HMs registration processes. Data from all three sources were analysed thematically and findings triangulated. Results The classification policy in Bahrain was found to be based on evidence and extensive stakeholder engagement, resulting in a clear and organised HM registration process. The availability of HMs classification policies in other DRAs, officials’ dedication and teamwork, and support by higher authority, were identified as the main facilitators in policy development and successful implementation. Barriers were the diversity of HM classifications worldwide, a lack of staff and resultant workload, and lack of training. Proposed recommendations for Kuwait were to adopt a clear definition of what constituted HMs, and to introduce a Traditional Herbal Registration based on this definition and the product’s characteristics. Interviews in Kuwait showed that almost all participants were in favour of the proposed recommendations and were in support of timely implementation. Interviewees anticipated that consistency in the HM registration process would be the main benefit, increasing reviewer’s confidence in making regulatory decisions. Interviewees also identified potential challenges which may impede successful implementation, including staff shortages, resistance to change by internal and external stakeholders, and the impact of cultural and traditional ways of working. Conclusions Insights into the HM policy development and implementation process in Bahrain, and exploration of Kuwait’s readiness to implement resultant recommendations informed an effective implementation process for a well-designed HMs policy for Kuwait and other Arab countries.

scholarly journals Factors determining the success of public private partnership projects in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afeez Olalekan Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Government

The implementation of public private partnership (PPP) procurement method is expected to help governments in the development of infrastructures and provides an opportunity for the reduction in the governments’ debt profiles. This method has been adopted in Nigeria for more than a decade and with these years of implementation, few infrastructural projects have been developed using this method while some have been unsuccessful. This study aims to examine the PPP projects implementation in Nigeria and identify the most critical factors that could determine the success of such projects. A total of 184 questionnaires were received from public and private sectors’ participants in the implementation of PPP projects. An exploratory factor analysis identified seven critical success factors as projects feedback, leadership focus, risk allocation and economic policy, good governance and political support, short construction period, favourable socio-economic factors, and delivering publicly needed service. This study shows that more developmental projects could be delivered through PPP if the government could focus on these main factors in the implementation process. The result will influence policy development towards PPP and guide the partners in the development of PPP projects. 

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