scholarly journals The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Lung Nodule, Carcinoembryonic Antigen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ming Zeng ◽  
Li-Da Chen ◽  
Zhi-Wei Zhao ◽  
Meng-Xue Chen ◽  
Jie-Feng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Purpose: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cancer risks gaining more and more attention. Data on the association between OSA and lung cancer risk are limited. This study is to investigate whether a link exists between Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scanning of the chest findings, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and OSA in patients suspected of OSA.Methods: The cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years or older who underwent continuous nocturnal polysomnography at our sleep center between February 2019 and November 2020. All subjects underwent chest LDCT and CEA. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index(AHI) of ≥15/h were classified as clinically significant OSA group, whereas patients with an AHI ＜15/h were classified as control group.Results: A total of 277 patients were enrolled in the study. 176 patients were categorized into the OSA group, while 101 patients were categorized into the control group. There is no relationship between any OSA-related parameter and presence of lung nodule or presence of ≥6mm lung nodule in the binary logistic regression analysis. OSA group demonstrated a significant higher value of CEA than control group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that lowest O2 saturation(β=-0.256, p＜0.001), smoking status (β=0.156, p=0.007) and age (β=0.153, p=0.008) were independent predictors of elevated CEA. Conclusion: In a group of patients suspected of OSA, we confirmed an independent correlation between nocturnal hypoxia and elevated CEA levels. OSA was not related with presence of pulmonary nodule or≥6 mm pulmonary nodule in LDCT.

scholarly journals Prediction of optimal continuous positive airway pressure in Thai patients with obstructive sleep apnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narongkorn Saiphoklang ◽  
Kanyada Leelasittikul ◽  
Apiwat Pugongchai
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

AbstractContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is simple and effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. However, the CPAP prediction equation in each country is different. This study aimed to predict CPAP in Thai patients with OSA. A retrospective study was conducted in Thai patients, who OSA was confirmed by polysomnography and CPAP titration from January 2015 to December 2018. Demographics, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), Epworth sleepiness scale, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), mean and lowest pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and optimal pressure were recorded. A total of 180 subjects were included: 72.8% men, age 48.7 ± 12.7 years, BMI 31.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2, NC 40.7 ± 4.1 cm, AHI 42.5 ± 33.0 per hour, RDI 47.1 ± 32.8 per hour, and lowest SpO2 77.1 ± 11.0%. Multiple linear regression analysis identified NC, BMI, RDI, and lowest SpO2. A final CPAP predictive equation was: optimal CPAP (cmH2O) = 4.614 + (0.173 × NC) + (0.067 × BMI) + (0.030 × RDI) − (0.076 × lowest SpO2). This model accounted for 50.0% of the variance in the optimal pressure (R2 = 0.50). In conclusion, a CPAP prediction equation can be used to explain a moderate proportion of the titrated CPAP in Thai patients with OSA. However, the CPAP predictive equation in each country may be different due to differences of ethnicity and physiology.Trial registration: TCTR20200108003.

scholarly journals Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness Should Be Measured to Comprehensively Assess Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Luo ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Zijian Guo ◽  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Wenhao Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective: An effective clinical tool to assess endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is lacking. This study evaluated the clinical significance of subclinical markers for OSA management in males without serious complications.Patients/Methods: Males without serious complications were consecutively recruited. Clinical data, biomarker tests, reactive hyperemia index (RHI), and augmentation index at 75 beats/min (AIx75) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry were collected. An apnea hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff of ≥15 events/h divided the patients into two groups.Results: Of the 75 subjects, 42 had an AHI ≥15 events/h. Patients with an AHI ≥15 events/h had higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor, and AIx75 values than the control group but no statistical difference in RHI was observed. After controlling for confounders, TNF-α was negatively correlated with the average oxygen saturation (r = −0.258, P = 0.043). RHI was correlated with the rapid eye movement (REM) stage percentage (r = 0.306, P = 0.016) but not with AHI (P > 0.05). AIx75 was positively correlated with the arousal index (r = 0.289, P = 0.023) but not with AHI (r = 0.248, P = 0.052).Conclusions: In males with OSA without severe complications, TNF-α and AIx75 are independently related to OSA. The role of RHI in OSA management requires further elucidation. These markers combined can comprehensively evaluate OSA patients to provide more evidence for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and treatment response assessment.

scholarly journals Blood pressure profiles in patients with arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea in different age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
A. N. Kuchmin ◽  
V. V. Ekimov ◽  
D. A. Galaktionov ◽  
I. M. Borisov ◽  
A. A. Sheveliov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Blood Pressure Profile ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with hypertension (HTN), and about 50 % hypertensive patients have concomitant OSA. Episodes of transient upper airway obstruction affect the daily blood pressure profile, leading to nocturnal HTN. Although the general relationship between OSA and the daily blood pressure profile is known, the association between the frequency of various daily blood pressure profiles and OSA severity as well as the age-specific differences remain unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the daily blood pressure profiles in patients with HTN and OSA, depending on the OSA severity and age. Design and methods. The study included 236 HTN patients underwent treatment in the period from 2008 to 2021 years and were diagnosed with OSA by cardiorespiratory monitoring: 84 patients had mild OSA (apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) < 15 episodes/h), 46 patients — moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30 episodes/h), and 106 patients — severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30 episodes/h). The control group included 140 HTN patients without OSA. Both groups were divided into 3 age subgroups: younger than 45 years, 45–59 years and ≥ 60 years. At baseline, all patients underwent cardiorespiratory monitoring (“Kardiotekhnika‑07–3/12P”, Inkart, St Petersburg, Russia) and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring (BPLab, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). Results. We found an association between the distribution of daily BP profiles and age, which differs from that in HTN patients without OSA. Non-dipper and night-peaker BP profiles are predominant in young and middle age. Among OSA patients, the severity of OSA was associated with the BP profiles only in the young and middleage groups. Unfavorable BP profiles (non-dipper and night-peaker) were more common in patients with severe OSA, which was not observed in elderly subgroup. In the elderly, compared to younger patients, the overdipper profile was the most common and its frequency was not associated with OSA severity. Conclusions. The study shows the relationship between the age of patients with HTN and OSA, the OSA severity and the distribution of daily BP profiles.

scholarly journals Serum S100A12 and S100B Proteins are Independent Predictors of the Presence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÖZDE DEMİRCİ ◽  
ADİL ZAMANİ ◽  
ŞEBNEM YOSUNKAYA ◽  
İBRAHİM KILINÇ
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background/aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with serious cardio-metabolic risks. Early diagnosis and treatment compliance are important. For this purpose, research is being carried out on biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. We aimed to investigate whether serum S100A12 and S100B proteins could be used as biochemical markers in OSA patients to determine disease presence and severity. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 (16 women, 44 men) patients with OSA and 50 (20 women, 30 men) controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Each subject included in the study underwent full-night polysomnography (PSG). The presence and severity of OSA was assessed by the apnea?hypopnea index (AHI). In the OSA group, 17-cases were mild, 18 were moderate, and 25 were severe. The serum levels of S100A12 and S100B were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. These protein levels were compared using the Student?s t-test in the patient and control groups. Spearman's rho correlation coefficients and corresponding p-values were calculated to determine the correlations between these protein levels and polysomnographic parameters. For evaluating the association between OSA and biomarkers, as well as possible confounding factors with S100A12 and S100B, we employed multiple linear regression analyses for the patients with OSA. Results: Serum levels of S100A12 and S100B were higher in patients than controls (p=0.01 and p=0.005, respectively), and a significant correlation was determined between S100A12 and S100B values and AHI (p=0.0001; p=0.0001), sleep time with SpO2< 90% (p=0.032; p=0.01), minimum SpO2 during sleep (p=0.019; p=0.007), and oxygen desaturation index ODI (p=0.001; p=0.0001). In the linear regression analysis, AHI was independently related with both S100A12 (p<?0.0001) and S100B (p=?0.011). Receiving operating curves (ROC) identified patients with OSA: AUC for S100A12=0.643; AUC for S100B=0.655 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum levels of S100B and S100A proteins have high diagnostic performance in OSA and are independent predictors of OSA presence and severity.

scholarly journals The Neuropsychological Profile of Attention Deficits of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Update on the Daytime Attentional Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Paola Angelelli ◽  
Luigi Macchitella ◽  
Domenico Maurizio Toraldo ◽  
Elena Abbate ◽  
Chiara Valeria Marinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Healthy Participants

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from several neurocognitive disturbances. One of the neuropsychological processes most investigated in OSA patients is attention, but the results have been controversial. Here, we update the attention profile of OSA patients with the final aim to improve attention assessment, with a possible impact on clinical and medical-legal practices, in terms of which attention subdomains and parameters need consideration and which one is a high-risk OSA phenotype for attention dysfunctions. Method: For this purpose, we assessed 32 previously untreated OSA patients (26 men and 6 women) under 65 years of age (mean age 53.2 ± 7.3; mean education level 10.4 ± 3.4 years) suffering from moderate to severe sleep apnea and hypopnea (mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 45.3 ± 22.9, range 16.1–69.6). A control group of 34 healthy participants matched with OSA patients for age, education level, and general cognitive functioning were also enrolled. The OSA patients and healthy participants were tested through an extensive computerized battery (Test of Attentional Performance, TAP) that evaluated intensive (i.e., alertness and vigilance) and selective (i.e., divided and selective) dimensions of attention and returned different outcome parameters (i.e., reaction time, stability of performance, and various types of errors). Data analysis: The data were analyzed by ANCOVA which compared the speed and accuracy performance of the OSA and control participants (cognitive reserve was treated as a covariate). The possible mechanisms underlying attention deficits in OSA patients were examined through correlation analysis among AHI, oxygenation parameters, sleepiness scores, and TAP outcomes and by comparing the following three phenotypes of patients: severe OSA and severe nocturnal desaturators (AHI++D+), severe OSA nondesaturators (AHI++D−), and moderate OSA nondesaturators (AHI+D−). Results: The results suggest that the OSA patients manifest deficits in both intensive and selective attention processes and that reaction time (RT) alone is ineffective for detecting and characterizing their problems, for which error analysis and stability of performance also have to be considered. Patients with severe OSA and severe hypoxemia underperformed on alertness and vigilance attention subtests. Conclusions: The data suggest the importance of evaluating attention deficits among OSA patients through several parameters (including performance instability). Moreover, the data suggest a multifaceted mechanism underlying attention dysfunction in OSA patients.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Cathepsin S to Predict Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wanwan Wen ◽  
Haili Sun ◽  
Yunxiao Yang ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease, is involved in the inflammatory activity in T2D and hypoxia conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether CTSS could be involved in the inflammatory reaction of OSA in patients with T2D. Methods. We included 158 participants in this study matched for age, gender, and body mass index in 4 groups (control, non-OSA&T2D, OSA&non-T2D, and OSA&T2D). After overnight polysomnography, we collected the clinical data including anthropometrical characteristics, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples in the morning. Plasma CTSS concentration was evaluated using the human Magnetic Luminex Assay. Results. Compared with the control group, both the non-OSA&T2D group and the OSA&non-T2D group showed higher CTSS levels. Plasma CTSS expression was significantly increased in subjects with OSA&T2D compared to subjects with non-OSA&T2D. The OSA&T2D group had higher CTSS levels than the OSA&non-T2D group, but there were no statistically significant differences. Plasma CTSS levels showed significant correlation with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r=0.559, P<0.001) and plasma fasting blood glucose (r=0.427, P<0.001). After adjusting confounding factors, plasma CTSS levels were independently associated with the AHI (Beta: 0.386, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 21.988 to 57.781; P<0.001). Furthermore, we confirmed the higher pinpoint accuracy of plasma CTSS in the diagnosis of OSA (area under the curve: 0.868). Conclusions. Plasma CTSS expression was significantly elevated in the OSA&T2D group and was independently associated with the AHI; it could be a biomarker with a positive diagnostic value on diagnosing OSA among patients with T2D.

Abstract 2462: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Improves the Blood Pressure Behavior in Normotensive Patients: A Randomized Study

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano F Drager ◽  
Patrícia M Diniz ◽  
Luzia Diegues-Silva ◽  
Roberta B Couto ◽  
Rodrigo P Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Concomitant Hypertension

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) promotes significant alterations on blood pressure during sleep. In patients with concomitant hypertension, the treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) promotes significant reductions on blood pressure. However, the impact of CPAP on 24 hour blood pressure in normotensive patients is poorly understood. Methods: We included 22 apparently healthy patients with severe OSA defined by polysomnography (apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) >30 events/hour). We excluded hypertension according current guidelines by office measurements. They were randomized to no treatment (control) or CPAP for 3 months. At baseline and at the end of the protocol, we performed 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring evaluating daytime and nighttime BP as well as the morning surge (average of systolic BP during the 2 hours after awakening minus the average of systolic BP during the 1 hour that included the lowest nighttime BP) and highest systolic nighttime BP (mean of 3 BP measurements, centered on the highest nighttime reading). Results: After 3 months, patients randomized to CPAP (mean CPAP usage: 6 hours) presented a significant reduction on daytime (80.3±6.3 to 75.3±6.9 mmHg; P=0.02) and nighttime diastolic BP (67.8±9.5 to 61.4±7.5 mmHg; P=0.03). In addition, we observed a significant reduction on highest nighttime systolic BP (120.0±13.6 to 112.0±.9 mmHg; P=0.02) with a trend for a reduction on morning surge (22.3±9.2 to 17.3±.4 mmHg; P=0.08). No significant alterations occurred in the control group. Conclusion: Even in the absence of established hypertension, CPAP therapy improved the behavior of 24 hour BP in patients with severe OSA.

Physiological determinants of nocturnal arterial oxygenation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1364-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Bradley ◽  
D. Martinez ◽  
R. Rutherford ◽  
F. Lue ◽  
R. F. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoxemia ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Among patients with similar degrees of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) there is considerable variability in the degree of associated nocturnal hypoxemia. The factors responsible for this variability have not been clearly defined. Therefore we studied 44 patients with OSA to identify the physiological determinants of nocturnal arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). All patients underwent pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas analysis, and overnight polysomnography. Mean nocturnal SaO2 ranged from 96 to 66% and apnea-hypopnea index from 11 to 128 per hour of sleep. Several anthropometric, respiratory physiological, and polysomnographic variables that could be expected to influence nocturnal SaO2 were entered into a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, with mean nocturnal SaO2 as the dependent variable. Three variables [awake supine arterial PO2 (PaO2), expiratory reserve volume, and percentage of sleep time spent in apnea] were found to correlate strongly with mean nocturnal SaO2 (multiple R, 0.854; P less than 0.0001) and accounted for 73% of its variability among patients. Body weight, other lung volumes, and airflow rates influenced awake PaO2 and expiratory reserve volume but had no independent influence on nocturnal SaO2. In a further group of 15 patients with OSA a high correlation was obtained between measured nocturnal SaO2 and that predicted by the model (r = 0.87; P less than 0.001). We conclude that derangements of pulmonary mechanics and awake PaO2 (generally attributable to obesity and diffuse airway obstruction) are of major importance in establishing the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with OSA.

scholarly journals Circulating Endocannabinoids and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Wang ◽  
Qin Yu ◽  
Hongmei Yue ◽  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Shuang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma endocannabinoids and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods. A population of 64 with OSA and 24 control subjects was recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids, blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), anandamide (AEA), 1/2-arachidonoylglycerol (1/2-AG), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were analyzed.Results. Fasting blood insulin (22.9 ± 7.8 mIU/L versus 18.5 ± 7.2 mIU/L,P<0.05), HOMA-IR (2.9 ± 1.0 versus 2.4 ± 0.9,P<0.01), AEA (3.2 ± 0.7 nmol/L versus 2.5 ± 0.6 nmol/L,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG (40.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L versus 34.3 ± 7.7 nmol/L,P<0.01) were higher in OSA group than those in control group. In OSA group, AEA, 1/2-AG, and HOMA-IR increase with the OSA severity. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between HOMA-IR and AHI (r=0.44,P<0.01), AEA and AHI (r=0.52,P<0.01), AEA and HOMA-IR (r=0.62,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG and HOMA-IR (r=0.33,P<0.01). Further analysis showed that only AEA was significantly correlated with AHI and HOMA-IR after adjusting for confounding factors.Conclusions. The present study indicated that plasma endocannabinoids levels, especially AEA, were associated with IR and AHI in patients with OSA.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Allergic and Non-Allergic Rhinitis

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Annalisa Pace ◽  
Giannicola Iannella ◽  
Valeria Rossetti ◽  
Irene Claudia Visconti ◽  
Giampiero Gulotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Home Sleep Apnea Testing ◽  
Non Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
And Control

Background and objectives: Rhinitis could be considered a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies were conducted to evaluate the relation between OSA and Allergic rhinitis (AR). Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is a condition with a symptomatology apparently similar to AR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different presence of OSA in patients suffering from NARES and AR. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled and subdivided into NARES, AR and control groups. NARES and AR diagnosis were performed using ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) protocol. All patients were screened for OSA with home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) exam analyzing AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) values. Results: Results showed that 60% of patients affected by NARES presented OSA. On the contrary, altered AHI was found only in 35% of patients affected by AR and in 10% of patients belonging to the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, data showed that there was an increased risk of OSA in NARES patients respect to AR patients and healthy patients.

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