scholarly journals Chemical-Free Recovery of Crude Protein from Livestock Manure Digestate Solid by Thermal Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Commercial Applications

Abstract Protein is becoming an increasingly important resource for a variety of commercial applications. Yet, a large volume of protein is being wasted. Notably, livestock manure solids have a significant content of protein which is not only underutilized, but prone to runoff and eventual breakdown to reactive nitrogen compounds, contributing to eutrophication. It would be desirable to remove protein before it causes environmental hazards and then convert it to value-added commercial applications. We have developed a novel thermal hydrolysis process (THP) to extract crude protein from livestock manure solid, or manure digestate solid (MDS) in particular, without the use of any chemical. We demonstrate the versatility of our new process to control the molecular weight (MW) distribution of the extracted protein hydrolysate (PH). The antioxidant activity of the crude protein hydrolysate (CPH) has been examined through Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay. The results have shown that our CPH had its antioxidant capacity against the peroxyl radical similar to that of vitamin E and exhibited almost 7 times as strong inhibition against the hydroxyl radical as vitamin E. We also evaluated the nutritional value of our PH by analyzing its amino acid composition and the MW distribution through amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The characterizations have revealed that the PH recovered from MDS had 2.5 times as much essential amino acids as soybean meal on dry matter basis, with the MW distribution ranging from over a hundred Da to 100 KDa. Finally, the protein powder was prepared from the extracted CPH solution and its composition was analyzed.

scholarly journals Chemical-free recovery of crude protein from livestock manure digestate solid by thermal hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Commercial Applications

AbstractProtein is becoming an increasingly important resource for a variety of commercial applications. Yet, a large volume of protein is being wasted. Notably, livestock manure solids have a significant content of protein which is not only underutilized, but prone to runoff and eventual breakdown to reactive nitrogen compounds, contributing to eutrophication. It would be desirable to remove protein before it causes environmental hazards and then convert it to value-added commercial applications. We have developed a novel thermal hydrolysis process (THP) to extract crude protein from livestock manure solid, or manure digestate solid (MDS) in particular, without the use of any chemical. We demonstrate the versatility of our new process to control the molecular weight (MW) distribution of the extracted protein hydrolysate (PH). The antioxidant activity of the crude protein hydrolysate (CPH) has been examined through Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay. The results have shown that our CPH had its antioxidant capacity against the peroxyl radical similar to that of vitamin E and exhibited almost 7 times as strong inhibition against the hydroxyl radical as vitamin E. We also evaluated the nutritional value of our PH by analyzing its amino acid composition and the MW distribution through amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The characterizations have revealed that the PH recovered from MDS had 2.5 times as much essential amino acids as soybean meal on dry matter basis, with the MW distribution ranging from over a 100 Da to 100 KDa. Finally, the protein powder was prepared from the extracted CPH solution and its composition was analyzed.

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

High protein wheats for poultry. 1. Use in broiler diets

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Turner ◽  
GG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factor ◽  
Protein Diets

High protein wheat was the sole cereal in 20 and 25 per cent crude protein broiler starter diets. On the. 25 per cent protein diet, performance was maximized without amino acid supplementation. Using high protein wheat in 20 per cent protein diets, growth rate was improved by l-lysine supplementation of 0.3 per cent. However, this growth rate was not at a maximum level. Some other dietary factor was necessary, and this did not appear to be essential amino acids, singly or in combination.

scholarly journals Connection of protein and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties

2009 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Zoltán Mezei ◽  
Ágnes Pongrácznl Barancsi ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
János Csapó
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We analysed the crude protein content, amino acid content, amino acid composition of four forage and milling III. quality winter wheat varieties (Magor, Hunor, Róna and Kondor) from their samples from five following years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). We found that quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids rose with increase in crude protein content. On examination of protein amino acid composition in relation to crude protein content we found that the crude protein content increased the quantities of the non-essential amino acids also rose, while those of the essential amino acids decreased as the lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat. We also established that, as crude protein content increased, the biological value of the protein decreased.

scholarly journals Connection of crude protein content and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties in the relation of quantity and quality

2008 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Zoltán Mezei ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
János Csapó
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We analysed the crude protein content, amino acid content, amino acid composition of four forage and milling III. quality winter wheat varieties (Magor, Hunor, Róna and Kondor) from their samples from five following years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). We found that quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids rose with increase in crude protein content. On examination of protein amino acid composition in relation to crude protein content we found that the crude protein content increased the quantities of the non-essential amino acids also rose, while those of the essential amino acids decreased as the lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat. We also established that, as crude protein content increased, the biological value of the protein decreased.

scholarly journals Tambir : Jamur Alam Papua yang Berpotensi sebagai Jamur Konsumsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Supeni Sufaati ◽  
Vita Purnamasari ◽  
Verena Agustini ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Local People ◽  
Alternative Protein

Fungi has several role for humankind, one of them is as food. The potency of wild edible mushrooms as a source of nutrition still need to be explored to support national food security. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of nutrient content of wild edible mushroom called Tambir that commonly be consumed as alternative food by local people in Jayapura, Papua. Samples were collected from the traditional market nearby Uncen campus in Waena, Jayapura, Papua. Micro Kjeldahl method was used to analyze the crude protein content, hexane-gravimetry for lipid, spectrophotometry for carbohydrate, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for amino acid composition. The results showed that this mushroom has 15.74 % crude protein, 2.59 % lipid, 50.17 % carbohydrate and 8 essential amino acids. The chemical value of those eight essential amino acids were more than 100 that means this mushroom has no amino acid limitation. Therefore, Tambir could be a good alternative protein source for local people. Key words: fungi, proteins, local knowledge, Tambir, Papua.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of wonderful kola (Bucchlozia coriacea) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) seeds grown in south–south, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
MO Aremu ◽  
DB Passali ◽  
H Ibrahim ◽  
RO Akinyeye
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

The proximate and amino acid compositions of Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The respective proximate composition (%) for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples were: Moisture (5.91 and 5.67); ash (4.39 and 5.13); crude fat (4.42 and 2.76); crude protein (12.27 and 14.78); crude fibre (7.10 and 6.27); carbohydrate (65.91 and 65.39). The calculated fatty acids and metabolizable energy for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples were 3.54 and 2.21 %; 1492.60 and 1465.01 kJ/100 g, respectively. The most abundant minerals in Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia were potassium (658.42 and 369.64 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (382.55 and 261.38 mg/100 g), respectively. The amino acid profile revealed that Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) (with His) were 31.14 and 34.40 g/100 g crude protein for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples, respectively. The first limiting amino acid was Met + Cys (TSAA) for all the samples and calculated isoeletric points (ρl) were 3.52 and 4.05 for Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea, respectively.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 125-132, 2018

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ИНТЕРЬЕРНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЯКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. KUZMINA ◽  
B.M. LUDU
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Clean Area ◽  
The Republic

Установлено влияние загрязнения окружающей среды на биохимические показатели крови яков в условиях Республики Тыва. В сыворотке крови яков из загрязненной зоны отмечено пониженное содержание фосфора и витамина Е (на 9,9 и 52,6) и повышенное резервной щелочности, витамина А и натрия в 1,3 1,4 и 1,1 раза, соответственно, по сравнению с животными из условно-чистой зоны. Исследование аминокислотного состава крови показало, что в сыворотке крови яков загрязненной зоны по сравнению с животными чистой зоны наблюдается снижение количества таких незаменимых аминокислот, как треонин (в 4,8 раза), фенилаланин (в 1,3 раза), а также заменимых аминокислот глицина (в 1,9 раз), аланина (в 1,4 раза) и тирозина (в 15,0 раза). Отдельные биохимические показатели крови яков могут являться индикаторами экологической оценки биогеоценозов.The influence of environmental pollution on biochemical indicators of yak blood in the Republic of Tyva was determined. Decrease in the content of phosphorus and vitamin E (by 9.9 and 52.6) and increase in alkalinity reserve, vitamin A and sodium level in yak blood by 1.3, 1.4, and 1.1 times, correspondingly, compared to the animals from conditionally clean area was found. Study of amino acid blood content showed that blood serum of yaks from the polluted area compared to animals from the clean area demonstrated the decrease in the amount of such essential amino acids as threonine (by 4.8 times), phenylalanine (by 1.3 times), as well as non-essential amino acids glycine (by 1.9 times), alanine (by 1.4 times), and tyrosine (by 15.0 times). Separate biochemical indicators of yak blood can be used as the indicators for ecological assessment of biogeocenoses.

Amino acid requirements of the growing meat rabbit 2. Comparative growth performance on practical diets of equal lysine concentration but decreasing levels of other amino acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Schultze ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement

ABSTRACTOver a 40-day period nine rabbits were each given one of nine isocaloric diets with progressively reduced amounts of crude protein (159 to 97 g/kg) but a fixed level of lysine; the latter was slightly below the higher of the National Research Council (NRC, 1977) and Societe de Chime Organique et Biologique (AEC, 1978) recommendations. The proportion of each other essential amino acid in the diet of highest crude protein concentration was close to a balance derived from the higher of each independently determined amino acid requirement given by NRC (1977) and AEC (1978), while the proportions in the two diets of lowest crude protein level were below those in a theoretical amino acid balance based on rabbit whole-body tissue composition. When an intersecting linear regression line model was fitted to growth performance data over the period, performance was found to be similar on the first six diets (159 to 123 g crude protein per kg) but further reductions in dietary protein were accompanied by a decline in growth rate and concomitant increase in food conversion ratio. Fitting of an asymptotic model to the data showed that growth performance first declined markedly between diets four and five (130 to 120 g crude protein per kg). These findings suggest that if a balance of essential amino acids relative to lysine, based on current amino acid recommendations, is adhered to in diet formulation for the growing rabbit, several of these amino acids will be in excess of requirement

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