scholarly journals Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Self-Efficacy Theory on The Caring Behavior of Mothers Having Children with Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Barani ◽  
Laleh Hassani ◽  
Amin Ghanbarnejad ◽  
Mohammad Ali Molavi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Caring Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Self-efficacy, as one of the concepts of empowerment model, plays a role in increasing the caring behavior. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on the caring behavior of mothers having children with cancer. Methods This before-after clinical trial study was conducted on all mothers (N = 86) of children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy who referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. All mothers participate in four educational intervention sessions. The Shearer's self-efficacy questionnaire and "mothers caring behavior scale" were completed at the 1rst and 3rd and 6th months after intervention. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and a linear mixed model were used to assess the effect of time and self-efficacy on the caring behavior adjusting for family size, mother’s age, mother’s job, mother’s education, and chemo-therapy session. Results The results indicated a significant difference in the mean score of mothers' self-efficacy after intervention (P < 0.001). Besides, the two-way self-efficacy score of the first and second follow-ups was p = 0.096. Furthermore, the mean score of caring behavior before and after the intervention indicated a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that an educational program for mothers increased their caring behavior and self-efficacy with the increase of self-efficacy, mothers' caring behavior was promoted. Authorities and practitioners are suggested to pay more attention to designing educational programs based on health models and theories.

Effects of Exercise Restriction on Patients With Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Elias ◽  
James Meza ◽  
Brian W. McCrindle ◽  
Julie A. Brothers ◽  
Stephen Paridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Restriction ◽  
Over Time

Background: Management of young patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) may involve exercise restriction. We sought to identify the association of exercise restriction with changes over time in body mass index (BMI) and exercise capacity in this cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with AAOCA seen at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between January 1, 1998, and August 31, 2014. Linear mixed model repeated-measures analysis assessed changes in BMI and exercise capacity. Results: We included 72 patients with a median age at presentation of 12.6 years (interquartile range: 10.1-15.8) and mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 3.0 years. The majority had an anomalous right coronary artery (71%) and interarterial ± intramural coronary course (90%). Surgery was performed in 54%, more often in those with interarterial/intramural course ( P < .001) and symptoms ( P = .003). Most patients (82%) were exercise-restricted on presentation, and restricted patients were older than those who were not restricted ( P = .01). There was no significant difference between restricted and nonrestricted patients in initial BMI z scores, percentage of patients with BMI over 85th percentile (26%) or exercise capacity variables. In univariable analysis, exercise restriction over time was not associated with change in BMI z score ( P = .25) or change in exercise variables. Restriction was not associated with significant change in these variables in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Although further investigation is warranted to determine the degree of adherence to exercise restriction, the recommendation of restriction alone is not associated with increasing BMI or decreasing exercise performance in the short-term.

scholarly journals Effect of an educational intervention on nutrition literacy in teachers: a short communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Hemati ◽  
◽  
Mehdi Akbartabar Toori ◽  
Mohsen Shams ◽  
Afsaneh Behroozpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Introduction: Teachers, by creating a culture of health within their classrooms, are agents of change and have an important role during students’ formative years. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention on the nutrition literacy of primary school teachers in Yasuj. Methods: In this quasiexperimental study, 110 primary school teachers in Yasuj, who were randomly selected from two areas of the city (intervention and comparison groups), were included in the study. Nutrition literacy was measured by using a validated tool for the Iranian society. After analysing the data, the educational content and structure were developed to improve nutrition literacy. The intervention consisted of two training sessions, provision of educational pamphlets and sending of two SMS messages. Data were analysed before and three months after the intervention by using SPSS16 software. Results: Before the intervention, the mean ± standard deviation of nutrition literacy in the comparison and intervention groups were 27.04±3.15 and 27.25±3.27, respectively. According to repeated measures ANOVA, nutrition literacy score improved significantly three months after the intervention (p time = 0.001). Besides, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p group = 0.03). The interaction between time and group was also significant (p time × group = 0.001). Conclusion: The educational intervention led to an improvement in the nutrition literacy of primary school teachers in Yasuj.

scholarly journals Difference between the Default Telecoil (T-Coil) and Programmed Microphone Frequency Response in Behind-the-Ear (BTE) Hearing Aids

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 366-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Putterman ◽  
Michael Valente
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
The Real ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: A telecoil (t-coil) is essential for hearing aid users when listening on the telephone because using the hearing aid microphone when communicating on the telephone can cause feedback due to telephone handset proximity to the hearing aid microphone. Clinicians may overlook the role of the t-coil due to a primary concern of matching the microphone frequency response to a valid prescriptive target. Little has been published to support the idea that the t-coil frequency response should match the microphone frequency response to provide “seamless” and perhaps optimal performance on the telephone. If the clinical goal were to match both frequency responses, it would be useful to know the relative differences, if any, that currently exist between these two transducers. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine if statistically significant differences were present between the mean output (in dB SPL) of the programmed microphone program and the hearing aid manufacturer's default t-coil program as a function of discrete test frequencies. In addition, pilot data are presented on the feasibility of measuring the microphone and t-coil frequency response with real-ear measures using a digital speech-weighted noise. Research Design: A repeated-measures design was utilized for a 2-cc coupler measurement condition. Independent variables were the transducer (microphone, t-coil) and 11 discrete test frequencies (15 discrete frequencies in the real-ear pilot condition). Study Sample: The study sample was comprised of behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids from one manufacturer. Fifty-two hearing aids were measured in a coupler condition, 39 of which were measured in the real-ear pilot condition. Hearing aids were previously programmed and verified using real-ear measures to the NAL-NL1 (National Acoustic Laboratories—Non-linear 1) prescriptive target by a licensed audiologist. Data Collection and Analysis: Hearing aid output was measured with a Fonix 7000 hearing aid analyzer (Frye Electronics, Inc.) in a HA-2 2-cc coupler condition using a pure-tone sweep at an input level of 60 dB SPL with the hearing aid in the microphone program and 31.6 mA/M in the t-coil program. A digital speech weighted noise input signal presented at additional input levels was used in the real-ear pilot condition. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test were utilized to determine if significant differences were present in performance across treatment levels. Results: There was no significant difference between mean overall t-coil and microphone output averaged across 11 discrete frequencies (F(1,102) = 0, p < 0.98). A mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant transducer by frequency interaction (F(10,102) = 13.0, p < 0.0001). Significant differences were present at 200 and 400 Hz where the mean t-coil output was less than the mean microphone output, and at 4000, 5000, and 6300 Hz where the mean t-coil output was greater than the mean microphone output. Conclusions: The mean t-coil output was significantly lower than the mean microphone output at 400 Hz, a frequency that lies within the typical telephone bandwidth of 300–3300 Hz. This difference may partially help to explain why some patients often complain the t-coil fails to provide sufficient loudness for telephone communication.

Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Paul S. Horn ◽  
Sabrina K. Kaul ◽  
Serena K. Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Effects of Language Learning Strategies and Learners’ Motivation on Students’ Learning Achievement

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Nai-Ying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study investigated whether learning strategies had made any impact on learners’ achievement and explored whether learning motivation was correlated with learning strategies. The participants of this study were the students from the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) intermediate level course at a college in Taiwan. The students were given a pretest and a posttest. The mean scores of these tests were compared with a SILL survey (Strategies Inventory for Language Learning) at the end of the investigation. The participants’ course performance was compared with their use of learning strategies. The assumption of the relationship between learning strategies and motivation is that motivated learners have a greater desire to seek out solutions or support from others and employ more strategies to process the new information. The results of this investigation revealed that only the memory strategies had a significant difference in the posttest of Group A on the independent sample t-test analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 3392-3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Sheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Terminal Event ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes

Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.

scholarly journals Improved cephalic index following early cranial vault remodeling in patients with isolated nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. E7
Author(s):  
Arvid Frostell ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Jiri Bartek ◽  
Ulrika Sandvik ◽  
Bengt Gustavsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cranial Vault Remodeling

OBJECTIVE Isolated nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis (SS) is the most common form of craniosynostosis in children, accounting for approximately 60% of all craniosynostoses. The typical cranial measurement used to define and follow SS is the cephalic index (CI). Several surgical techniques have been suggested, but agreement on type and timing of surgery is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the authors’ institutional experience of surgically treating SS using a modified subtotal cranial vault remodeling technique in a population-based cohort. Special attention was directed toward the effect of patient age at time of surgery on long-term CI outcome. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients with isolated nonsyndromic SS who were surgically treated from 2003 to 2011. Data from electronic medical records were gathered. Eighty-two patients with SS were identified, 77 fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 72 had sufficient follow-up data and were included. CI during follow-up after surgery was investigated with ANOVA and a linear mixed model. RESULTS In total, 72 patients were analyzed, consisting of 16 females (22%) and 56 males (78%). The mean ± SD age at surgery was 4.1 ± 3.1 months. Blood transfusions were received by 81% of patients (26% intraoperatively, 64% postoperatively, 9% both). The mean ± SD time in the pediatric ICU was 1.1 ± 0.25 days, and the mean ± SD total hospital length of stay was 4.6 ± 2.0 days. No patient required reoperation. The mean ± SD CI increased from 69 ± 3 to 87 ± 5 for patients who underwent surgery before 45 days of age. Surgery resulted in a larger increase in CI for patients who underwent surgery at a younger age compared with older patients (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test). In the comparison of patients who underwent surgery before 45 days of age with patients who underwent surgery at 45–90, 90–180, and more than 180 days of age, the linear mixed model estimated a long-term loss of CI of 3.0, 5.5, and 7.4 points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The modified subtotal cranial vault remodeling technique used in this study significantly improved CI in patients with SS. The best results were achieved when surgery was performed early in life.

scholarly journals How Perceived Sensory Dimensions of Forest Park Are Associated with Stress Restoration in Beijing?

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Congying An ◽  
Jinglan Liu ◽  
Qiaohui Liu ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Forest Parks

A growing number of studies suggest that the perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) of green space are associated with stress restoration offered by restorative environment. However, there is little known about PSDs and stress restoration as well as their relationship to forest park. To fill this gap, an on-site questionnaire survey was conducted in three forest parks in Beijing, as a result of which a total number of 432 completed responses were collected and analyzed. The mean values of PSDs were used to represent PSDs of forest park. Using independent sample t-test and ANOVA, this study analyzed the individual characteristics that affected PSDs and stress restoration. Linear mixed model was used to identify the relationship between PSDs and stress restoration of forest park, which took into account the interactions of stress level and PSDs. The results showed that: (1) the perceived degree of PSDs in forest park from strong to weak was Serene, Space, Nature, Rich in species, Prospect, Refuge, Social and Culture, which varied with visitors’ gender, age, level of stress, visit frequency, activity intensity, visit duration and commuting time; (2) in PSDs, Refuge, Serene, Social and Prospect had significantly positive effects on the stress restoration of forest parks (3) there was no significant difference in the effect of the eight PSDs on the stress restoration between different stress groups; (4) stress restoration was influenced by visitors’ gender, age, visit frequency and visit duration. These findings can offer references for managers to improve the health benefits of forest park for visitors, and can enrich the knowledge about PSDs and stress restoration.

scholarly journals Theoretically designed interventions for colorectal cancer prevention: A Case of the Health Belief Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽  
Maryam Maghsoudloo ◽  
Ali Safari-Moradabadi ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: According to the WHO, most chronic diseases, including cancer, can be prevented by identifying their risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. This research examined the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on colorectal cancer-related preventive nutritional behaviors among a sample of organizational staff. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) with cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of 10-dimensional information and health belief model constructs. The educational intervention was conducted for one month and in four sessions in the form of classroom lecture, pamphlet, educational text messages via mobile phones and educational pamphlets through the office automation system. Two groups were evaluated in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test (intergroup comparisons). Results: Two groups were evaluated for variables such as age, sex, education level and family history of colorectal cancer, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the two months since intervention, except for the mean score of perceived barriers, which was not significant after intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors were significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of educational intervention based on health belief model was effective for the personnel, and can enhance the preventative nutritional behaviors related to colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals 26 Copper oxide wire particles to complement control of gastrointestinal nematodes with levamisole and/or albendazole in lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller ◽  
Mohan Acharya ◽  
Erin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Due to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR), complementary approaches to anthelmintic use to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep are necessary. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are effective against Haemonchus contortus but not other GIN, and FAMACHA aids to minimize further development of AR. The objective was to determine the efficacy of COWP alone or in combination with levamisole, albendazole, or a 3-way combination to control GIN known to have AR to these anthelmintics. Naturally infected Katahdin lambs were selectively dewormed based on FAMACHA© and/or packed cell volume (PCV). If FAMACHA© scores were 3, 4, or 5, lambs received 1 g COWP alone (n = 120), COWP and levamisole (n = 47) or albendazole (n = 6), or a 3-way combination (n = 10), respectively. Untreated lambs were included (CON; n = 31). Feces and blood were collected on days 0 (day of deworming) and 14 for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC) and FEC reduction (FECRED) and PCV. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in a mixed model. The mean FECRED was greater for the combination of levamisole and COWP than COWP alone (P &lt; 0.001). In a mixed GIN population, COWP in combination with levamisole increased the efficacy of FECRED of H. contortus and other GIN genera present, offering greater GIN management in the presence of resistance to these anthelmintics.

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