scholarly journals SSRG evolution in the genus Oryza

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Elise Janner de Freitas ◽  
Railson Schreinert dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Busanello ◽  
Filipe de Carvalho Victoria ◽  
Jennifer Luz Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

Abstract Background: Cooking quality is an important attribute in Common/Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, being highly dependent on grain starch composition. This composition is known to be highly dependent on a cultivar’s genetics, but the way in which their genes express different phenotypes is not well understood. Further analysis of variation of grain quality genes using new information obtained from the wild relatives of rice should provide important insights into the evolution and potential use of these genetic resources.Findings: The analysis of the protein sequences of grain quality genes across the Oryza suggest that the deletion/mutation of amino acids in active sites result in variations that can negatively affect specific steps of starch biosynthesis in the endosperm. As observed in O. sativa subsp. japonica, the lower amylose content is probably related to the absence of a C-terminal domain in PUL, characterizing what we know as japonica genotypes. On the other hand, the complete deletion of some genes in the wild species do not affect the amylose content, as observed in the absence of GBSSII in starch biosynthesis of O. meridionalis, SSIV2 in O. glaberrima and DPE1 in O. brachyantha and O. nivara in which such modifications seem not to affect the final endosperm starch composition.Conclusion: Here we present new insights for obtaining new starch-specific rice phenotypes, considering structural protein features that include both the absence and duplication of copies, once again denoting that Oryza species are a rich source of variability for use in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Starch Synthesis-Related Genes (SSRG) Evolution in the Genus Oryza

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Karine E. Janner de Freitas ◽  
Railson Schreinert dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Busanello ◽  
Filipe de Carvalho Victoria ◽  
Jennifer Luz Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
New Information ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

Cooking quality is an important attribute in Common/Asian rice (Oryzasativa L.) varieties, being highly dependent on grain starch composition. This composition is known to be highly dependent on a cultivar’s genetics, but the way in which their genes express different phenotypes is not well understood. Further analysis of variation of grain quality genes using new information obtained from the wild relatives of rice should provide important insights into the evolution and potential use of these genetic resources. All analyses were conducted using bioinformatics approaches. The analysis of the protein sequences of grain quality genes across the Oryza suggest that the deletion/mutation of amino acids in active sites result in variations that can negatively affect specific steps of starch biosynthesis in the endosperm. On the other hand, the complete deletion of some genes in the wild species may not affect the amylose content. Here we present new insights for Starch Synthesis-Related Genes (SSRGs) evolution from starch-specific rice phenotypes.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Ramin Rayee ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Kifayatullah Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Alkali Digestion

The management of amylose and protein contents and cooking quality are the main challenges in rice macronutrients and quality improvement. This experiment was conducted to examine the rice grain quality, alkali digestion, and gel consistency responses to irrigation interval after anthesis. Three rice varieties (K1, K3, and K4) were subjected to different irrigation intervals (1, 2, and 3 d) after anthesis. The findings of this study showed that the protein content was markedly increased from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%, whilst the amylose content was decreased significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56% under stressed treatments at irrigation intervals, whilst the quantity of fatty acids was not affected. The 3-d irrigation interval recorded the highest protein content but the lowest amylose value. In addition, this treatment shows lower gelatinization temperature, but it is negatively associated with hard gel consistency under irrigation interval. This study highlights that the water management following a 3-d irrigation interval from anthesis is a useful and simple treatment to improve rice nutrients and grain cooking quality.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Virtual Screening of the Antiviral Potentialities of Marine Polycyclic Guanidine Alkaloids against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Amr El-Demerdash ◽  
Ahmed M. Metwaly ◽  
Afnan Hassan ◽  
Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Eslam B. Elkaeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Log P ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Guanidine Alkaloids

The huge global expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-corona virus-2 is an extraordinary public health emergency. The unavailability of specific treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates the focus of all scientists in this direction. The reported antiviral activities of guanidine alkaloids encouraged us to run a comprehensive in silico binding affinity of fifteen guanidine alkaloids against five different proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which we investigated. The investigated proteins are COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID: 6lu7), spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYO), membrane glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6M17), and a non-structural protein (nsp10) (PDB ID: 6W4H). The binding energies for all tested compounds indicated promising binding affinities. A noticeable superiority for the pentacyclic alkaloids particularly, crambescidin 786 (5) and crambescidin 826 (13) has been observed. Compound 5 exhibited very good binding affinities against Mpro (ΔG = −8.05 kcal/mol), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (ΔG = −6.49 kcal/mol), and nsp10 (ΔG = −9.06 kcal/mol). Compound 13 showed promising binding affinities against Mpro (ΔG = −7.99 kcal/mol), spike glycoproteins (ΔG = −6.95 kcal/mol), and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (ΔG = −8.01 kcal/mol). Such promising activities might be attributed to the long ω-fatty acid chain, which may play a vital role in binding within the active sites. The correlation of c Log P with free binding energies has been calculated. Furthermore, the SAR of the active compounds has been clarified. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) studies were carried out in silico for the 15 compounds; most examined compounds showed optimal to good range levels of ADMET aqueous solubility, intestinal absorption and being unable to pass blood brain barrier (BBB), non-inhibitors of CYP2D6, non-hepatotoxic, and bind plasma protein with a percentage less than 90%. The toxicity of the tested compounds was screened in silico against five models (FDA rodent carcinogenicity, carcinogenic potency TD50, rat maximum tolerated dose, rat oral LD50, and rat chronic lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL)). All compounds showed expected low toxicity against the tested models. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were also carried out to confirm the stable binding interactions of the most promising compounds, 5 and 13, with their targets. In conclusion, the examined 15 alkaloids specially 5 and 13 showed promising docking, ADMET, toxicity and MD results which open the door for further investigations for them against SARS-CoV-2.

VARIABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING WITH LOW AMYLOSE CONTENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN ABINSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Kumeyko ◽  
◽  
N.G. Tumanian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Different Doses

The article studies the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding Rapan, Flagman, Olimp, Azov, Patriot in the yield of 2017-2019 grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region. Purpose of the research was to study the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties with a low amylose content. Rice varieties were evaluated by mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, filminess, vitreousity, and fracture when grown with different doses of nitrogen fertilizers N60, N120. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen to N120, "the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains", "vitreousity", "fracture" remained unchanged or the "filminess" changed. The pattern of changes in grain quality traits may indicate an intensive type of varieties Rapan and Olimp.

scholarly journals Phenotypical Variability of “TURDA” Maize Germplasm for Grain Chemical Composition

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Ana COPANDEAN ◽  
Sorin CAMPEAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Phenotypical Variability

Maize grain has many and diverse uses in the food and feed industry. The diversity of applications requires characteristics of quality in accordance to that. To examine phenotypical diversity in the grain content, it was evaluated a total of 754 maize samples: 265 local populations (landraces); 59 synthetics/composites; 430 “TURDA” inbred lines for their grain quality attributes. Comparison of the inbred lines diversity is on average the most divergent in grain starch concentration (range value 19.9) from landraces (range value 11.8) and synthetics (range value 12.5). The grain oil and ash content showed high variability among the genotypes. The quality attributes in most of the cases showed positive phenotypic correlation except grain starch contents which was negatively correlated at phenotypic levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of maize “TURDA” germplasm in according to its grain quality content, such as: protein, oil, fiber, ash and starch concentration; to estimate the extent of phenotypical variability and correlation for various quality components to formulate a selection criterion in a breeding program.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heritability of selected rice varieties for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshdfar ◽  
Babak Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was conducted to determine the combining ability and heritability of rice grain yield, its components and some grain quality traits such as amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and head rice recovery (HRR). The study was commenced by crossing the selected rice varieties based on a full diallel mating design. The F1 was harvested at the end of the season. In the following season, the crossed, reciprocal and parental lines were planted in randomly complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method showed highly significant differences for GCA for number of panicles per plant (PN), amylose content, gelatinization temperature and head rice recovery. Highly significant differences were also observed for both SCA and REC for all evaluated characters. The results showed that the grain yield (GY), number of filled grains (FGN), 100-grain weight (HGW) and GC were controlled by non-additive gene action, while the inheritance of PN, AC, GT and HRR were largely controlled by additive gene effects, although non- additive genetic components and reciprocal effect were also involved, which suggest that a selection process could be done in the early generations. The two improved lines (RI18442-1 and RI18430-46) were found to be good general combiners for GY and FGN, while the best combiners for PN was Tarom Mohali and IR50 and for HGW was RI18430-46. The best combinations for GY were RI18430-46 ? IR50, Tarom Mohali ? RI18447-2 and Daylamani ? RI18430-46. The good hybrids were Tarom Mohali ? IR50, Line23 ? RI18447-2 and Line23 ? Backcross line for AC. Narrow sense heritability showed that the GY and GC had the lowest values while the other traits had either moderate or high heritability, which indicates selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favorable genes. In present study, narrow sense heritability was high for AC and moderate for GT, PN and HRR.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Grain Quality of Rice as Affected by False Smut Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B Nessa ◽  
SS Dipti ◽  
MU Salam ◽  
AHMM Haque ◽  
JK Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
False Smut

Rice false smut (RFSm) is a disease of interest globally and in Bangladesh. Its occurrence and spread have drawn attention since 2010 in the country. While many reports are available on the yield loss from the disease, little is known of its effect on grain quality. Besides, there has been no information on how RFSm affects the seed quality with respect to germination. This study attempted evaluation of seed germination and grain quality of rice as affected by false smut disease. Three years’ study provided strong indication of inferior milling outturn and head rice yield in RFSm contaminated seeds. Results further revealed reduced amylose content and increased protein content in the contaminated seeds. Tendency in reduced seed germination, and less cooking time was observed in RFSm contaminated seeds. Future research is suggested to fully understand those causations. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 1-7

scholarly journals High night temperature induces contrasting responses for spikelet fertility, spikelet tissue temperature, flowering characteristics and grain quality in rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onoriode Coast ◽  
Richard H. Ellis ◽  
Alistair J. Murdoch ◽  
Cherryl Quiñones ◽  
Krishna S. V. Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Gel Consistency

Climate change is increasing night temperature (NT) more than day temperature (DT) in rice-growing areas. Effects of combinations of NT (24−35°C) from microsporogenesis to anthesis at one or more DT (30 or 35°C) at anthesis on rice spikelet fertility, temperature within spikelets, flowering pattern, grain weight per panicle, amylose content and gel consistency were investigated in contrasting rice cultivars under controlled environments. Cultivars differed in spikelet fertility response to high NT, with higher fertility associated with cooler spikelets (P < 0.01). Flowering dynamics were altered by high NT and a novel high temperature tolerance complementary mechanism, shorter flower open duration in cv. N22, was identified. High NT reduced spikelet fertility, grain weight per panicle, amylose content and gel consistency, whereas high DT reduced only gel consistency. Night temperature >27°C was estimated to reduce grain weight. Generally, high NT was more damaging to grain weight and selected grain quality traits than high DT, with little or no interaction between them. The critical tolerance and escape traits identified, i.e. spikelet cooling, relatively high spikelet fertility, earlier start and peak time of anthesis and shorter spikelet anthesis duration can aid plant breeding programs targeting resilience in warmer climates.

scholarly journals Genetic Control and High Temperature Effects on Starch Biosynthesis and Grain Quality in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Heng Xu ◽  
Yingying Jiang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

Grain quality is one of the key targets to be improved for rice breeders and covers cooking, eating, nutritional, appearance, milling, and sensory properties. Cooking and eating quality are mostly of concern to consumers and mainly determined by starch structure and composition. Although many starch synthesis enzymes have been identified and starch synthesis system has been established for a long time, novel functions of some starch synthesis genes have continually been found, and many important regulatory factors for seed development and grain quality control have recently been identified. Here, we summarize the progress in this field as comprehensively as possible and hopefully reveal some underlying molecular mechanisms controlling eating quality in rice. The regulatory network of amylose content (AC) determination is emphasized, as AC is the most important index for rice eating quality (REQ). Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of REQ, especially AC influenced by high temperature which is concerned as a most harmful environmental factor during grain filling is highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Exploration of Possibilities to Identify Heterotic Cross Combinations in Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Grain Yield and Quality Parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Mithilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Banshidhar . ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Aman Tigga ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Breadth Ratio ◽  
Alkali Digestion

Twenty eight crosses generated using eight aromatic rice varieties crossed in half diallel fashion were evaluated and analyzed along with parents to investigate combining ability and gene action for grain yield and various grain quality traits. The general combining ability and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits that indicated the role of both additive and non-additive genetic components.  Ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca< 1 indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits.  Pusa Basmati-1 was the good general combiner showing significantly high GCA effect for a maximum of seven-grain quality traits viz., milling recovery (0.81), kernel length (0.28), kernel breadth (-0.05), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.26), cooked kernel length (0.79), alkali digestion value (0.67) and amylose content (0.60) but not for yield.  Cross PSD-15×Pant Basmati-1 (P7×P8) was the good specific combiner showing high SCA effects for a maximum of eight grain quality traits viz. hulling recovery (2.76), milling recovery (2.06), kernel length (0.89), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.69), cooked kernel length (3.06), kernel elongation ratio (0.12), alkali digestion value (1.11) and amylose content (1.01) but not yield.  None of the top three crosses (Pusa Sugandh-6×PSD-15, Pusa Basmati-1×PSD-15 and Pusa Sugandh-4×Basmati-370) based on high SCA effect for grain yield plant-1exhibited as high SCA effect to fall within top three crosses on that basis for any of the grain quality traits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document