Improving Anti-trafficking Response in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh: Lessons Learned From a Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholder Interviews

Abstract Background Human trafficking is a critical public health issue particularly pervasive in the Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh (UP), which share a border with Nepal. Many NGOs are participating in prevention, protection, prosecution, and capacity building initiatives. The aim of this study was to identify factors hindering and enhancing the efficacy of anti-trafficking programs in the region. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal. Results Thematic analysis revealed that the barriers hindering the anti-trafficking movement include police corruption, insufficient enforcement of national law, discrimination toward trafficking victims, inadequate funding, and lack of government involvement. Recommendations for overcoming these barriers were through empowering survivors and increasing cooperation, coordination, and communications between NGOs and the government. Conclusions In mitigating these barriers and increasing survivor autonomy, anti-trafficking interventions have the opportunity to create individualized environments for those with an experience of trafficking to thrive. Ultimately, elevating community accountability, honoring individual autonomy, and recognizing the value of the persons with a lived experience of trafficking are critical as we continue to use a public health lens in the fight against human trafficking and for human rights.

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Perceptions of Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Are Antibiotics the Dentists’ Anxiolytics?

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Julie Dormoy ◽

Marc-Olivier Vuillemin ◽

Silvia Rossi ◽

Jean-Marc Boivin ◽

Julie Guillet

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Oral Surgery ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Public

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. The aim of this study was to explore dentists’ perceptions of antibiotic resistance. Methods: A qualitative method was used. Seventeen dentists practising in the Nancy (Lorraine, France) region were surveyed. They were general practitioners or specialised in oral surgery, implantology, or periodontology. The practitioners took part in semi-structured interviews between September 2019 and July 2020. All of the interviews were transcribed in full and analysed thematically. Results: Four major themes have been selected: attitudes of the dentists in regard to the guidelines, clinical factors that influence prescriptions, non-clinical factors that influence prescriptions, and the perception of antibiotic resistance. The dentists stated that they were very concerned regarding the public health issue of antibiotic resistance. However, they often prescribe according to their own interests and habits rather than according to the relevant guidelines. Conclusions: Although dentists are generally well aware of antibiotic resistance, they often do not adequately appreciate the link between their prescribing habits and the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Regular updating of practitioners’ knowledge in this regard is necessary, but patients and the general public should also be made more aware of the issue.

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"You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking

10.26686/wgtn.17134574 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sumu Diya Mukesh

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Sex Trafficking ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Trafficking Victims

<p>This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking. This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability. The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.</p>

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"You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking

10.26686/wgtn.17134574.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sumu Diya Mukesh

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Sex Trafficking ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Trafficking Victims

<p>This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking. This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability. The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.</p>

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Enabling change in public health services: Insights from the implementation of nurse mentoring interventions to improve quality of obstetric and newborn care in two North Indian states

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13134.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Sumit Kane ◽

Prarthna Dayal ◽

Tanmay Mahapatra ◽

Sanjiv Kumar ◽

Shikha Bhasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Indian States ◽

Middle Income ◽

Implementing Change

Background: Few studies have explicitly examined the implementation of change interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) public health services. We contribute to implementation science by adding to the knowledge base on strategies for implementing change interventions in large, hierarchical and bureaucratic public services in LMIC health systems. Methods: Using a mix of methods, we critically interrogate the implementation of an intervention to improve quality of obstetric and newborn services across 692 facilities in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states of India to reveal how to go about making change happen in LMIC public health services. Results: We found that focusing the interventions on a discreet part of the health service (labour rooms) ensured minimal disruption of the status quo and created room for initiating change. Establishing and maintaining respectful, trusting relationships is critical, and it takes time and much effort to cultivate such relationships. Investing in doing so allows one to create a safe space for change; it helps thaw entrenched practices, behaviours and attitudes, thereby creating opportunities for change. Those at the frontline of change processes need to be enabled and supported to: lead by example, model and embody desirable behaviours, be empathetic and humble, and make the change process a positive and meaningful experience for all involved. They need discretionary space to tailor activities to local contexts and need support from higher levels of the organisation to exercise discretion. Conclusions: We conclude that making change happen in LMIC public health services, is possible, and is best approached as a flexible, incremental, localised, learning process. Smaller change interventions targeting discreet parts of the public health services, if appropriately contextualised, can set the stage for incremental system wide changes and improvements to be initiated. To succeed, change initiatives need to cultivate and foster support across all levels of the organisation.

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Human Trafficking in Thailand in Perspective of Human Rights Law

Journal of Law and Legal Reform ◽

10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48760 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 505-514

Author(s):

Natalia Sihotang ◽

Channarong Wiriya

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Transnational Crime ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Transit Country ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

International Human ◽

The Government

Trafficking in human beings is increasingly due to the greatest gain of the perpetrators. Human trafficking is a global humanitarian problem. With the involvement of many countries, both as a country of origin, destination and transit country, making this problem more complex. The complexity of the problems is increasing as the neighbors and organized transnational crime networks are organized. Thailand is one of the transit countries, sources, and destinations for international human trafficking. These conditions led to the Government of Thailand began to realize the urgency of the dangers of human trafficking. This problem is increasingly complex because human trafficking is related to child and female prostitution.

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A pandemia intramuros: (in)comunicabilidade de mulheres encarceradas em João Pessoa-PB

Revista Interdisciplinar em Cultura e Sociedade ◽

10.18764/2447-6498.v6n2p120-141 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

JOSILENE RIBEIRO DE OLIVEIRA ◽

ROSILENE OLIVEIRA ROCHA ◽

ANNE KELLY MACÊDO DE ABREU

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Literature Review ◽

Television News ◽

Social Classes ◽

National Council ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Prison Policy ◽

Social Markers ◽

The Government

RESUMOEste artigo versa sobre os impactos da Pandemia de COVID-19 para as mulheres encarceradas na Penitenciária Feminina Maria Júlia Maranhão, localizada em João Pessoa/PB. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, metodologicamente embasado em entrevistas semiestruturadas e conversas informais, realizadas por telefone, junto a representantes e funcionários da unidade prisional; Revisão bibliográfica na literatura específica; Pesquisa documental junto a publicações oficiais do Governo do Estado da Paraíba, do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e Departamento Penitenciário Nacional e levantamento de informação em sites de notícias e noticiários televisivos. A abordagem em tela chama atenção para os gargalos históricos observados na interseccionalidade entre as relações de gênero, as dimensões de “raça/cor” e de classe, além de outros marcadores sociais, no contexto do Sistema Prisional Brasileiro. Os resultados permitem compreender a evolução dos casos de COVID-19 nas penitenciárias paraibanas, os impactos da Pandemia e as mudanças provocadas sobre o cotidiano de mulheres encarceradas. Palavras-Chaves: Mulheres. Prisões. Pandemia. Comunicação. Direitos Humanos. Política Prisional. The pandemic in prison: (in) communicability of women jailed, in João Pessoa / PBABSTRACTThis paper analyses the impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic for women incarcerated at the Maria Júlia Maranhão Penitentiary, located in João Pessoa/PB/Brazil. It is a qualitative study, methodologically based on semi-structured interviews and informal conversations, conducted by telephone, with representatives and employees of that prison unit; Literature review; Documentary research with official publications of the Government of the State of Paraíba, the National Council of Justice and the National Penitentiary Department and gathering information in the news sites and television news. Our study also aims to show the historical challenges about the intersectionality between gender relations, the dimensions of “race/color”, social classes and other social markers, in the reality of the Brazilian Prison System. The results of this study show the evolution of covid-19 cases in the Paraíba penitentiaries, the impacts of the Pandemic and the changes brought about in the daily lives of women in prison.Keywords: Women. Prision. Pandemic. Comunication. Human rights. Prison Policy.

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Does household food insecurity influence nutritional practice of children age 6 to 23 months in Bangladesh?

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v6i2.31836 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury ◽

Russell Kabir ◽

Konstantinos Papadopoulas ◽

SM Yasir Arafat ◽

Manzur Kader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Household Food ◽

The Government

To examine the prevalence of household food insecurity (HHFI) among children aged between 6-23 months in Bangladesh. This paper also aims to identify the individual, household and community levels determinants of HHFI and the association between nutritional behavior and HHFI. Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), 2011 was used for this research. A total of 2,344 children were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis and tests were guided by the nature of the variables. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to find out the association between independent variables and outcome. The overall prevalence of HHFI was 36.3% (95% CI: 33.6-39.0) among the participants (children). The prevalence of HHFI was significantly higher among children who did not receive nutritional items. In contrast, HHFI was more prevalent among children who were breastfed (37.0%) as compared to non-breastfed. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that children of illiterate mothers (adjusted OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.17-4.10), illiterate fathers (adjusted OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.41-3.66) and socio-economically poor families (adjusted OR: 11.35, 95% CI: 7.20-17.91) were more at risk of experiencing HHFI, whereas, rural children (adjusted OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) were more protective. In the adjusted logistic regression model, children who did not receive juice (adjusted OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09-2.16) had experienced HHFI. The prevalence of HHFI among children is still high in Bangladesh. Therefore, to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, the Government of Bangladesh should priorities HHFI as a major public health issue. Strong collaborations among various stakeholders are also crucial to improve the situation.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 53-60

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The Perils of Jirga and the Miserable Plight of Women

Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences ◽

10.47067/ramss.v3i2.41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Hamida Bibi ◽

Surat Khan

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Verbal Abuse ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Suicidal Attempts ◽

The Government ◽

Forms Of Violence

This study was conducted to critique and asses the institution of Jirga and its practice of Swara. The data was collected through vis-à-vis semi-structured interviews from the Jirgees and Swaras, the two most proximate stakeholders of the institution of Jirga. For the analysis of data, the tool of Thematic Analysis, developed by Braun and Clarke (2015), was used. The findings of the study show that Jirga — besides being unconstitutional — is involved in multifarious inhumane practices and its members are mostly uneducated. Its decisions are completely void of the canon international law and human rights. Jirga is involved in the felonious practice of Swara. Swaras — women atoned by Jirga in reprisal for an offence — are living wretched lives facing multifarious forms of violence, discrimination, humiliation and other forms of inhumane behaviors. Besides, they are suffering from depression, inferiority complexes, suicidal attempts, malnutrition, verbal abuse, etc. The findings also imply that illiteracy, passivity and condonement of the judiciary and law enforcing agencies, and the higher rate of crimes in the area are the factors contributing to the practice of Swara. In the light of the findings, the researcher recommends that the practice of reprisal reiterated by Jirga should be completely extirpated. Education should be disseminated and the government and law enforcing agencies should work in proximity to mitigate the rate of crimes in the area. The government should frame inclusive economic policies in order to promote peace and prosperity in the area.

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Adolescent Victims Emerging From Cyberbullying

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732318773325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1584-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melvina Brandau ◽

Tracy A. Evanson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Grounded Theory ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Negative Health Outcomes ◽

Adolescent Victims ◽

Theory And Model

Cyberbullying is a pervasive public health issue, affecting 10% to 50% of adolescents and resulting in significant negative health outcomes. Due to the relative newness of cyberbullying, there are many elements of the phenomenon that are not understood. Fifteen adolescents and young adults who had experienced cyberbullying as adolescents, participated in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. A grounded theory and model, Emerging From Cyberbullying, was constructed to describe the process of being a victim of cyberbullying. The process began by Being Targeted and a cycle of Being Cyberbullied, Losing Oneself, and Attempting to Cope followed. Once out of the cycle, victims could begin the process of Resolving and Finding Oneself. This theory can be used to inform cyberbullying prevention efforts and adolescent providers can utilize this theory to understand the process of being a victim of cyberbullying, promote open discussions with adolescents about cyberbullying, and offer suggestions for effective methods to cope.

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