scholarly journals Voxel-Based Morphometric Features of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhai Tu ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Bangxun Mao ◽  
Chuanwan Mao ◽  
Xiaozheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Visual Center ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a serious complication of thyroid-associated ophthalmology (TAO), leading to loss of vision or blindness. Numerous studies had reported thyroid dysfunction affects a wide range of visual pathways in adults, from the retina to the visual center. We aimed to explore if there were abnormalities of gray matter density (GMD) in DON patients.Methods: We collected patients with TAO from The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examination, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), intraocular pressure (IOP), exophthalmos, visual field, OCT,and orbital CT scan. 16 patients with DON and 16 patients without DON (N-DON) were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, orbital congestion index and degree of education of patients were matched between the two groups. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) scans was performed on all patients. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to analyze the T1 weighted images of the brain, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) integrated VBM (FSL-VBM).Results: GDM was significantly decreased in the right middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal orbicular gyrus in the DON when compared to N-DON.Conclusions: The DON can result in reduced GMD in specific areas of the brain. This finding suggests that there may be other mechanisms in Don

scholarly journals Abnormal functional connectivity density in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhai Tu ◽  
Pingping Huang ◽  
Chuanwan Mao ◽  
Xiaozheng Liu ◽  
Jianlu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

[Objective] Functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was used to investigate abnormalities and factors related to brain functional connectivity (F.C.) in cortical regions of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and to analyze the pathogenesis of DON further. [Methods] Patients diagnosed with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in the Eye Hospital were enrolled. All patients underwent comprehensive eye examinations and best-corrected visual acuity, visual field(V.F.) test. MRI data collection and analysis were completed in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The patients were divided into two groups: the DON group, with an average visual field, mean deviation (M.D.) of both eyes < -5 dB, and the non-DON group (nDON group), with an average visual field M.D. of both eyes ≥ -2 dB. [Results] A total of 30 TAO patients (14 men, 16 women) with complete data who met the experimental requirements were enrolled. The average age was 48.79 (40~ 57) years. There were 16 patients in the DON group and 14 patients in the nDON group. No significant differences in age, gender, education level, and the maximum horizontal diameter of either medial rectus muscle were found between the two groups. The difference of brain FCD between the two groups showed significant abnormal connectivity in the right orbital gyri of the frontal lobe (Frontal_Inf_Orb_R) and the left precuneus in the DON group compared with the nDON group. As demonstrated by decreased FCD values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/orbital part, the relevant brain regions were the left middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and brain gyri (excluding the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus) below the left parietal bone. The FCD associated with the left precuneus was increased, and the relevant brain areas were the left middle temporal gyrus, right cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. A significant correlation was identified between the MD. of the binocular visual field and brain FCD. [Conclusion] The abnormal FCD in the cortex of DON patients suggests that a central nervous system mechanism may be related to the pathogenesis of the DON.

scholarly journals Neural Basis of Depression Related to a Dominant Right Hemisphere: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Li ◽  
Hongpei Xu ◽  
Shengfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Left Middle

Background. In the past, studies on the lateralization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain suggested that depression is dominated by the right hemisphere of the brain, but the neural basis of this theory remains unclear. Method. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 22 depressive patients and 15 healthy controls. The differences in the mean values of the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of two groups were compared, and the low-frequency amplitudes of these differential brain regions were compared. Results. The results show that compared with healthy subjects, depressive patients had increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, triangular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, and paracingulate gyri; reduced ReHo values were seen in the right fusiform gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left lingual gyrus, and left inferior parietal except in the supramarginal and angular gyri. Conclusions. The results show that regional homogeneity mainly occurs in the right brain, and the overall performance of the brain is such that right hemisphere synchronization is enhanced while left hemisphere synchronization is weakened. ReHo abnormalities in the resting state can predict abnormalities in individual neurological activities that reflect changes in the structure and function of the brain; abnormalities shown with this indicator are the neuronal basis for the phenomenon that the right hemisphere of the brain has a dominant effect on depression.

The Effect of Oxygen on Verbal Performance : An fMRI Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 996-999
Author(s):  
Soon Cheol Chung ◽  
Ji Hye You ◽  
Bong Soo Lee ◽  
Gye Rae Tack ◽  
Sin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Oxygen Administration ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Verbal Performance ◽  
Verbal Cognition

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that administration of the air with 30% oxygen compared with normal air (21% oxygen) enhances verbal cognitive functioning through increased activation in the brain. Nine male college students participated in the study. The experiment consisted of two runs, one for verbal cognition task with normal air (21% oxygen) and the other for verbal cognition task with hyperoxic air (30% oxygen). Functional brain images were taken with a 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. From the results of the verbal behavioral analysis, the accuracy rate was enhanced with 30% oxygen administration when compared to 21% oxygen. The activities were observed at the occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal lobes during both 21% and 30% oxygen administration. There were more activations observed at the right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left fusiform gyrus with 30% oxygen administration. These results suggest that a higher concentration of breathed oxygen increases saturation of blood oxygen in the brain, and facilitates verbal performance.

scholarly journals Combination Model of Thyrotrophin Receptor Antibody and Volumetric Orbital Apex Crowding Index as an Indicator of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhihong Deng ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Jia Tan ◽  
Sha Wang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Optic Disk ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Receptor Antibody

Background. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is one of the most serious vision-threatening complications of thyroid eye disease (TED); however, accurate and established diagnostic tools for DON are yet lacking. The present study was aimed at identifying new diagnostic factors for the accurate diagnosis of DON. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 TED patients (50 eyes) with enlarged extraocular muscles, no previous anti-inflammatory therapy, and the absence of other vision-affecting diseases between May 2017 and August 2019. Baseline data, such as gender, age, ophthalmological history, thyroid disease and management, TED history including clinical features, management, and long-term results, ophthalmological examinations, serology examinations, and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) results, were extracted. The diagnostic criteria were as follows: (1) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss coexisting with either of the following—increased latency or reduction of amplitude on visual evoked potential (VEP), impaired color vision, visual field defects, contrast sensitivity impairment, and optic disk swelling—and (2) Barret t ’ s   index ≥ 60 % in CT. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed the differences in age, gender, eyes, medical history, clinical activity, thyroid hormone and antibodies, uptake ratio (UR) of extraocular muscles in SPECT/CT, and volumetric orbital apex crowding index (VACI) using the generalized estimation equation. Consequently, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the significant factors was constructed. Results. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the clinical activity, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, the UR of superior and medial rectus, and VACI between DON and TED (without DON) groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that TRAb and VACI were significantly different. ROC analysis showed that the univariate models of TRAb or VACI and the multivariate model were effective indicators of DON, while the multivariate model had the highest area under the ROC curve. Conclusion. A combination of TRAb and VACI is an effective indicator for DON.

scholarly journals Catastrophic vision loss from radiation-induced optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e233706
Author(s):  
Sultan Aldrees ◽  
Jonathan A Micieli
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 68-year-old woman presented with profound vision loss of 2-month duration in the right eye and 1-week duration in her left eye. This occurred in the context of craniopharyngioma that was twice resected and irradiated (54 Gy in 30 fractions) 9 months before her presentation. Ophthalmological examination revealed hand motion vision in the right eye and light perception vision in the left eye with poorly reactive pupils and bilateral optic disc pallor. A non-contrast MRI of the brain and sella showed significant reduction of the sellar mass. A repeat MRI of the brain and orbits with gadolinium showed pre-chiasmatic enhancement of both optic nerves. The diagnosis of radiation-induced optic neuropathy was made. Despite treatment with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, 19 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and 3 doses of intravenous bevacizumab, her vision worsened to no light perception in both eyes.

scholarly journals Disseminated form of Erdheim Chester's disease. Clinical case

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
O.I. Dorosh ◽  
◽  
O.A. Petronchak ◽  
R.V. Guley ◽  
K.I. Burianova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Erdheim Chester Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Erdheim Chester ◽  
Chester Disease

For the first time in Ukraine, the article describes the clinical case, features of diagnostic examinations and the difficulty of the verification of Erdheim—Chester disease (ECD) of a 13-year-old girl. The disease debuted with arthritis of the right knee and right ankle joints. Subsequently, there was weakness in the legs, limping, it was difficult for the child to climb the stairs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in the supra-, intratentorial and intracerebral areas revealed numerous focal lesions of the cortex, the white medulla of both hemispheres of the brain and the left hemisphere of the cerebellum. 8 months after the initial complaints, she was diagnosed with lower flaccid paraparesis, mixed paresis of the right hand, atactic syndrome, she could not stand on her toes. Based on the results of computer tomography (CT), a widespread focal lesion of the bones, the central nervous system (including the brain, membranes of the spinal cord, cranial nerves, roots and spinal nerves), lungs, liver, pancreas, kidneys, abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, uterus, vagina, mammary glands. Scintigraphic signs of diffuse lesions of the bones of the skull, spine, pelvis, tubular bones of the extremities. After 9 month after the appearance of primary complaints the ECD diagnosis was confirmed using histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies. Histiocytic cells were positive for antigens CD68 and CD14, and negative for CD1a, CD207, S-100 and BRAFV600E. Our observation shows that this pathology can occur in childhood of a female person. The rarity of this disease and the variety of clinical and pathological features are a problem for clinicians and pathologists. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult and long even with the involvement of a wide range of specialists and various examination methods (ultrasound, radiography (RTG), MRI, CT. We hope that familiarity with the wide range of pathological changes in ECD described in this message, will help practicing clinicians and pathologists diagnose disease in the early stages and effectively provide professional medical care to such patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Erdheim–Chester disease, histiocytosis, children, histological examination.

scholarly journals Lateralized Behavior of Bottlenose Dolphins Using an Underwater Maze

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay E. Clark ◽  
Stan A. Kuczaj II
Keyword(s):  
Task Complexity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Eye Preference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Familiar Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

Behavior is lateralized when it is performed preferentially by one side of the body, and this phenomenon is seen across a wide range of vertebrate taxa. Furthermore the brain and body are contralateral in many animals, meaning that the left brain hemisphere most dominantly controls the right side of the body and vice versa. Lateralized behavior in humans and nonhuman primates reveals a population right-hand bias. Recent studies in primates have also begun to link differences in lateralized behavior to task complexity, and responses to novel versus familiar stimuli. Parallel research on cetaceans is sparse although evidence accrued over the last decade suggests captive dolphins have a preference for swimming counter-clockwise, a right-eye advantage in spatio-cognitive tasks and a right-eye preference for viewing novel objects, although this is the reverse of the general vertebrate pattern. Lateralized behavior was examined in a group of six male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in response to a novel underwater maze, and compared to behavior during a baseline condition (no maze present). Dolphins were significantly more likely to swim counter-clockwise round their pool during both the baseline and maze condition, interpreted as a right eye bias. Swimming rotation was also weaker in dolphins during the maze condition, suggesting that the maze may have disrupted routine circular swimming behavior. There was no clear preference for using the left or right side of the maze, except in two high- using subjects with a strong right preference. Modifications and extensions to the methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Positive affect is inversely related to the salience and emotion network’s connectivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Qi ◽  
Charlene L. M. Lam ◽  
Jing Jun Wong ◽  
Dorita H. F. Chang ◽  
Tatia M. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Increasing evidence has shown that positive affect enhances many aspects of daily functioning. Yet, how dispositional positive affect is represented in the intrinsic brain networks remains unclear. Here, we used resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to test how trait positive and negative affect of an individual were associated with the intrinsic connectivity of brain regions within the salience and emotion network and the default mode network in 70 healthy young adults. We observed that positive affect was negatively associated with connectivity within the salience and emotion network, particularly with the bidirectional connections spanning the left anterior insula and left nucleus accumbens. For connections between the salience and emotion network and the rest of the brain, we observed that positive affect was negatively related to the connectivity between the right amygdala and the right middle temporal gyrus. Affect-based modulations of connectivity were specific to positive affect and to the salience and emotion network. Our findings highlight the critical role of salience and emotion network in the neural relations of positive affect, and lay the groundwork for future studies on modeling the connectivity of salience and emotion network to predict mental well-being.

scholarly journals Therapeutic difference between orbital decompression and glucocorticoids administration as the first-line treatment for dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113
Author(s):  
Ming-Na Xu ◽  
◽  
Yun-Hai Tu ◽  
He-Qing Tao ◽  
Ke-Si Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Orbital Decompression ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies. The primary outcomes were the improvement in visual acuity and responder rate. Secondary outcomes were the proptosis reduction, change in diplopia, and clinical activity score (CAS). One randomized controlled trial, three retrospective case series and one prospective case series met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids (ivGC) group and orbital decompression (OD) group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. In addition, the proportion of patients with improved vision in OD group was higher than that in ivGC group (P<0.001). Post-treatment proptosis reduction was also reported in both groups. Overall, weighted mean in proptosis reduction estimated at 1.64 and 5.45 mm in patients treated with ivGC and OD respectively. This study also presented results regarding pre-existing and new-onset diplopia. Apart from diplopia, a wide variety of minor and major complications were noted in 5 included studies. The most common complication in ivGC group and OD group was Cushing’s syndrome and epistaxis respectively. The present systematic review shows that both glucocorticoids treatment and OD are effective in treating DON and OD may work better in improving visual acuity and reducing proptosis. However, high-quality, large-sample, controlled studies need to be performed in the future.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

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