scholarly journals Effect of Running with Different Intensities on Lubricin Expression of Achilles Tendon in a Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yong Xu ◽  
Cheng-Xian Song ◽  
Song-Yun Deng ◽  
Sheng-Yao Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background: Lubricin is well known to facilitate the movement of tendon fascicles gliding and recoil against the surrounding tissues in tendons. However, little is known about its response under various mechanical loading conditions. This study was aimed to understand the effect of treadmill running with different exercise intensities on the alternations of lubricin content in rat Achilles tendon.Methods: In this study, eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, strenuous treadmill running (STR), moderate treadmill running (MTR), and control (CON). Rats in two running groups were subjected to treadmill running (8 weeks) protocol. Histological observation and biochemical analysis were conducted using the collected Achilles tendons.Results: After 8 weeks, the morphologies of collagen fibers are relatively parallel, crimping and elastic in the CON and MTR groups, but more ruptured in the STR group. The cell density in Achilles tendon sections markedly increased in MTR group than CON group, whereas considerably decreased in STR group than CON or MTR group. Additionally, compared to the CON group, the content of lubricin was dramatically increased in MTR group. However, the lubricin content in STR group was markedly decreased compared with that in CON or MTR group. Moreover, the TGF-β1 expression was upregulated in MTR group in contrast to CON group, while significantly downregulated in STR group than that in CON or MTR group. Conversely, the expression of IL-1 was statistically downregulated in MTR group compared with CON group, but statistically upregulated in STR group than that in CON or MTR group. Conclusions: These results suggest that moderate treadmill running might induce the increase of lubricin by the up-regulation of TGF-β1 expression to improved lubrication, and enhance the loading transmission efficiency. Whereas, strenuous treadmill running could result in the decrease of lubricin as a result of the dramatically increased expression of IL-1 to enhance interfascicular tribology, and predispose to tendinopathy even tendon rupture.

scholarly journals Phenytoin accelerates tendon healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon rupture

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (09) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
B. Hajipour ◽  
A. M. Navali ◽  
S. Ali Mohammad ◽  
G. Mousavi ◽  
M. Gahvechi Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Tendon Healing

The Effect of Electroacupuncture on Tendon Repair in a Rat Achilles Tendon Rupture Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Inoue ◽  
Miwa Nakajima ◽  
Yuki Oi ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
Megumi Itoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Rupture Model ◽  
Model Preparation ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective To examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on early post-rupture tendon repair in a rat model of Achilles tendon rupture using histological and mechanical evaluation. Methods An Achilles tendon rupture model was prepared in 90 Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to EA, manual acupuncture or control groups. Rats in the EA group received EA (pulse width 5 ms; stimulation frequency 50 Hz; stimulation strength 20 μA; stimulation time 20 min) daily from 1 day following model preparation until the day of assessment (either 7 or 10 days after model preparation), when the region of interest was sampled to assess tendon repair using in vitro methods. Total cell count and the number of cells staining positive for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) were measured. Tension tests were performed 10 days after model preparation to measure the maximum breaking strength of the repaired tendon. Results Both the total cell count and the number of cells positive for b-FGF were significantly higher in the EA group (p<0.05). In the EA group only, immunostaining showed strong expression of TGF-β1 7 days after model preparation (p<0.05). Maximum breaking strength of the repaired tendon 10 days after model preparation was significantly higher in the EA group (p<0.01). Conclusions The marked increase in cell count and growth factor expression as well as increased tendon strength in the EA group suggest that EA may be a useful method for promoting tendon repair.

Tissue memory in healing tendons: short loading episodes stimulate healing

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Andersson ◽  
Pernilla Eliasson ◽  
Per Aspenberg
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Cage Activity ◽  
Daily Training

Intact tendons adapt slowly to changes in mechanical loading, whereas in healing tendons the effect of mechanical loading or its absence is dramatic. The longevity of the response to a single loading episode is, however, unknown. We hypothesized that the tissue has a “memory” of loading episodes and that therefore short loadings are sufficient to elicit improved healing. The Achilles tendon of 70 female rats was transected and unloaded by tail suspension for 12 days (suspension started on day 2 after surgery). Each day, the rats were let down from suspension for short daily training episodes according to different regimes: 15 min of cage activity or treadmill running for 15, 30, 60, or 2 × 15 min. Rats with transected Achilles tendons and full-time cage activity served as controls. The results demonstrated that full-time cage activity increased the peak force over three times compared with unloading. Short daily loading episodes (treadmill running) increased the peak force about half as much as full-time activity. Prolongation of treadmill running above 15 min or dividing the daily training in two separate episodes had minimal further effect. This mechanical stimulation increased the cross-sectional area but had no effect on the mechanical properties of the repair tissue. The findings indicate that once the tissue had received information from a certain loading type and level, this is “memorized” and leads to a response lasting many hours. This suggests that patients might be allowed early short loading episodes following, e.g., an Achilles tendon rupture for a better outcome.

scholarly journals Different gene response to mechanical loading during early and late phases of rat Achilles tendon healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammerman ◽  
P. Blomgran ◽  
A. Dansac ◽  
P. Eliasson ◽  
P. Aspenberg
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Right

Mechanical loading stimulates tendon healing both when applied in the inflammatory phase and in the early remodeling phase of the process, although not necessarily via the same mechanisms. We investigated the gene response to mechanical loading in these two phases of tendon healing. The right Achilles tendon in rats was transected, and the hindlimbs were unloaded by tail suspension. The rats were exposed to 5 min of treadmill running 3 or 14 days after tendon transection. Thereafter, they were resuspended for 15 min or 3 h until euthanasia. The controls were suspended continuously. Gene analysis was first performed by microarray analysis followed by quantitative RT-PCR on selected genes, focusing on inflammation. Fifteen minutes after loading, the most important genes seemed to be the transcription factors EGR1 and C-FOS, regardless of healing phase. These transcription factors might promote tendon cell proliferation and differentiation, stimulate collagen production, and regulate inflammation. Three hours after loading on day 3, inflammation was strongly affected. Seven inflammation-related genes were upregulated according to PCR: CCL20, CCL7, IL-6, NFIL3, PTX3, SOCS1, and TLR2. These genes can be connected to macrophages, T cells, and recruitment of leukocytes. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the recruitment of leukocytes was increased by loading on day 3, which also was confirmed by histology. This inflammation-related gene response was not seen on day 14. Our results suggest that the immediate gene response after mechanical loading is similar in the early and late phases of healing but the late gene response is different. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the direct effect of mechanical loading on gene expression during different healing phases in tendon healing. One isolated episode of mechanical loading was studied in otherwise unloaded healing tendons. This enabled us to study a time sequence, i.e., which genes were the first ones to be regulated after the loading episode.

scholarly journals TL 18161 - Evaluation of Achilles tendon oxygen saturation in patients with tendon rupture

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽  
pp. 95S
Author(s):  
Márcio De Faria Freitas ◽  
Mauro César Matos e Dinato ◽  
Miguel Viana Pereira Filho ◽  
Tatiana Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Raul Dias dos Santos Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Histopathological analyses of ruptured tendons show hypoxia-related tissue degeneration. Intrinsic factors that may cause tissue hypoxia, especially during physical exercise, may be related to Achilles tendon ruptures. Thus, the objective of the present study is to compare the resting oximetry of patients who had a ruptured Achilles tendon with that of a control group after exercise and after muscle ischemia. Methods: This was a single-center, comparative, cross-sectional observational study approved by the research ethics committee. The study assessed the Achilles tendon oxygen saturation of 2 groups: patients with a history of total Achilles tendon rupture (R: n=12) and control individuals without a history of tendon rupture (C: n=11). Oxygen saturation was measured by infrared spectroscopy on a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device (PortaMon, Artinis Medical Systems). Data were collected after the patient had rested at least 10 minutes in the supine position at the following times: test, after controlled contractions of the triceps surae muscle, and after 5 minutes of leg ischemia. The NIRS sensor was placed on the contralateral Achilles tendon in group R or on a randomized limb in group C. Data normality was confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the groups were compared using the independent samples t test, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The oximetry levels of group R were similar to those of group C at rest (R: 72 ± 9% vs. C: 74 ± 6%, P=0.598), after exercise (R: 74 ± 5% vs. C: 77 ± 4%, p=0.199), and after 5 minutes of ischemia (R: 79 ± 3% vs. C: 80 ± 5, p=0.856). Conclusion: No differences in Achilles tendon oxygen saturation were identified between individuals with a history of rupture and control individuals

The Safety and Efficacy of Mupirocin Topical Spray for Burn Wound Healing in A Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sritharadol Rutthapol ◽  
Chunhachaichana Charisopon ◽  
Kumlungmak Sukanjana ◽  
Buatong Wilaiporn ◽  
Dechraksa Janwit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Tgf Β1

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of mupirocin topical spray on burn wound healing in a rat model. Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were used to create full-thickness burns on the rat dorsum using a cylindrical stainless steel rod. The rats were topically treated with normal saline solution (NSS), mupirocin spray, ointment, and solution. The wound size and morphological evaluation were investigated by photographs and clinical criterions for wound healing. The histology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) staining assay. The immunohistochemical study was evaluated by detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-9/TIMP-1) was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. A complete healing was observed at 28 days in all treatments. Mupirocin formulations accelerated the wound healing faster than NSS in size. However, the clinical criteria indicated a desirable skin appearance in the mupirocin spray and ointment treated groups. The histological evaluations showed no differences between the treatments while the immunohistochemical study revealed that all treatments reduced the level of TGF-β1 over time, particularly on day 28 in the mupirocin spray and ointment treated groups. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly lower in the mupirocin spray and ointment treated groups than in the NSS and mupirocin solution groups. This study shows the safety and efficacy in the use of mupirocin topical spray. The topical mupirocin spray is an alternative suitable for development as a human topical anti-infective and wound protection spray.

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