scholarly journals The Characteristics and Origin of Amber Deposits in the Dominican Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Stach ◽  
Lucyna Natkaniec-Nowak ◽  
Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik ◽  
Paweł Kosakowski ◽  
Beata Naglik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Terrigenous Material ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Carbonate Group ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Lagoon Environment

Abstract Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of amber deposits located in the Dominican Republic, i.e., Hato Mayor Province of the Eastern Mining District (EMD) in the Cordillera Oriental, and Santiago Province of the Northern Mining District (NMD) in the Cordillera Septentrional were performed. The results of analyses of amber-bearing sediments collected from the borehole in Siete Cañadas area (EMD) were referenced to the petrological data obtained for the coaly shales from La Cumbre (NMD). The mineralogy of the rocks was described using transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Biomarker analyses by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to trace the genetic source and transformation stage of abundant organic matter hosted in the core sediments. Our findings indicated that basins in EMD and NMD regions were different isolated palaeosettings, in which under the influence of local physicochemical factors the terrigenous material was transformed and got maturated. In both amber deposits, the sedimentation of clastic and organic material proceeded in the presence of marine conditions. In case of the NMD area, the sedimentation underwent probably in the conditions of the lagoon environment, a shallow maritime lake or periodically flooded plain, that facilitated organic matter decomposition and carbonation from meta-lignite to sub-bituminous coal (random reflectance of coal - Rro = 0,39%). In the EMD region, the sedimentation took place in a deeper basin, where terrigenous material was likely mixed with material found in situ (fauna fossils, carbonate-group minerals) to form the mudstones enriched in bituminous substance of low maturity. The organic matter found in the rocks from both regions is of mixed terrestrial/marine origin and was deposited in the presence of low oxygen concentration and reducing and/or dysoxic conditions.

scholarly journals The study of Dominican amber-bearing sediments from Siete Cañadas and La Cumbre with a discussion on their origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Stach ◽  
Lucyna Natkaniec-Nowak ◽  
Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik ◽  
Paweł Kosakowski ◽  
Beata Naglik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Terrigenous Material ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Carbonate Group ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Lagoon Environment

AbstractThe paper presents comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Dominican amber-bearing sediments from Siete Cañadas, Hato Mayor Province of the Eastern Mining District (EMD) in the Cordillera Oriental. The characteristics of rocks collected from the borehole in Siete Cañadas area (EMD) were compared with petrography of coaly shales from La Cumbre in the Northern Mining District (NMD). The mineralogy of the rocks was determined using transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Biomarker analyses by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to trace the genetic source and transformation stage of organic matter hosted in the core sediments. In this study, the characteristics of rocks from La Cumbre were supplemented with the petrographic data from our studies reported earlier. Based on the findings, it has been concluded that the basins in the investigated parts of the EMD and NMD regions were likely characterized by different, isolated palaeosettings. Transformation and maturation of terrigenous material were affected by locally occurring physicochemical conditions. In both amber deposits, the sedimentation of clastic and organic material proceeded in the presence of marine conditions. In case of the La Cumbre deposit (NMD area), the sedimentation underwent probably in the conditions of the lagoon environment, a shallow maritime lake or periodically flooded plain that facilitated organic matter decomposition and carbonation from meta-lignite to sub-bituminous coal (random reflectance of coal—Rro = 0.39%). In the Siete Cañadas (EMD region), the sedimentation took place in a shallow saltwater basin, where terrigenous material was likely mixed with material found in situ (fauna fossils, carbonate-group minerals) to form the mudstones enriched in bituminous substance of low maturity. The organic matter found in the rocks from both deposits is of mixed terrestrial/marine origin and was deposited in the presence of low oxygen concentration and reducing and/or dysoxic conditions.

Application of a fractionation technique for better understanding of the removal of natural organic matter by alum coagulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Leeuwen ◽  
C. Chow ◽  
R. Fabris ◽  
N. Withers ◽  
D. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Alum Treatment ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids

To gain an improved understanding of the types of organic compounds that are recalcitrant to water treatment, natural organic matter (NOM) isolates from two drinking water sources (Mt. Zero and Moorabool reservoirs, Victoria, Australia) were separated into fractions of distinct chemical behaviour using resins. Four fractions were obtained from each water source and were organics absorbed to: (1) XAD-8 (very hydrophobic acids, VHA); (2) DAX-4 (slightly hydrophobic acids, SHA); (3) bound to an anion exchange resin (charged organics, CHAR); and (4) not absorbed or bound to resins (neutrals, NEUT). These fractions were then tested to determine the capacity of alum to remove them from water and to correlate this with the character of each isolate. The fractions were characterised by the application of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), bacterial regrowth potential (BRP), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermochemolysis. The highest removals of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by alum treatment were in waters spiked with the CHAR fractions while the NEUT fractions were the most recalcitrant. The number average molecular weights (Mn) of DOC of the CHAR fractions before treatment were the highest, whilst those of the NEUT fractions were the lowest. After alum treatment, the Mn of the NEUT fractions were only slightly reduced. Results from Py-GC-MS and thermochemolysis indicate that the NEUT fractions had the highest relative proportion of saccharide derived organic material. Nonetheless, the BRP of waters spiked with the NEUT fractions differed markedly, indicating that organics recalcitrant to alum treatment can vary substantially in their chemical composition and capacity to support microbial growth.

scholarly journals Speciation of organosulfur compounds in carbonaceous chondrites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zherebker ◽  
Yury Kostyukevich ◽  
Dmitry S. Volkov ◽  
Ratibor G. Chumakov ◽  
Lukas Friederici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fticr Ms ◽  
Insoluble Organic Matter ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Extractable Fraction ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDespite broad application of different analytical techniques for studies on organic matter of chondrite meteorites, information about composition and structure of individual compounds is still very limited due to extreme molecular diversity of extraterrestrial organic matter. Here we present the first application of isotopic exchange assisted Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) for analysis of alkali extractable fraction of insoluble organic matter (IOM) of the Murchison and Allende meteorites. This allowed us to determine the individual S-containing ions with different types of sulfur atoms in IOM. Thiols, thiophenes, sulfoxides, sulfonyls and sulfonates were identified in both samples but with different proportions, which contribution corroborated with the hydrothermal and thermal history of the meteorites. The results were supported by XPS and thermogravimetric analysis coupled to FTICR MS. The latter was applied for the first time for analysis of chondritic IOM. To emphasize the peculiar extraterrestrial origin of IOM we have compared it with coal kerogen, which is characterized by the comparable complexity of molecular composition but its aromatic nature and low oxygen content can be ascribed almost exclusively to degradation of biomacromolecules.

scholarly journals Respiration of 13C-Labeled Substrates Added to Soil in the Field and Subsequent 16S rRNA Gene Analysis of 13C-Labeled Soil DNA

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1614-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Padmanabhan ◽  
S. Padmanabhan ◽  
C. DeRito ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
D. Gannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Soil Dna

ABSTRACT Our goal was to develop a field soil biodegradation assay using 13C-labeled compounds and identify the active microorganisms by analyzing 16S rRNA genes in soil-derived 13C-labeled DNA. Our biodegradation approach sought to minimize microbiological artifacts caused by physical and/or nutritional disturbance of soil associated with sampling and laboratory incubation. The new field-based assay involved the release of 13C-labeled compounds (glucose, phenol, caffeine, and naphthalene) to soil plots, installation of open-bottom glass chambers that covered the soil, and analysis of samples of headspace gases for 13CO2 respiration by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We verified that the GC/MS procedure was capable of assessing respiration of the four substrates added (50 ppm) to 5 g of soil in sealed laboratory incubations. Next, we determined background levels of 13CO2 emitted from naturally occurring soil organic matter to chambers inserted into our field soil test plots. We found that the conservative tracer, SF6, that was injected into the headspace rapidly diffused out of the soil chamber and thus would be of little value for computing the efficiency of retaining respired 13CO2. Field respiration assays using all four compounds were completed. Background respiration from soil organic matter interfered with the documentation of in situ respiration of the slowly metabolized (caffeine) and sparingly soluble (naphthalene) compounds. Nonetheless, transient peaks of 13CO2 released in excess of background were found in glucose- and phenol-treated soil within 8 h. Cesium-chloride separation of 13C-labeled soil DNA was followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from microbial populations involved with 13C-substrate metabolism. A total of 29 full sequences revealed that active populations included relatives of Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Massilia, Flavobacterium, and Pedobacter spp. for glucose; Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Alcaligenes spp. for phenol; Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Variovorax spp. for naphthalene; and Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Pantoea spp. for caffeine.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE PROCESS OF DECOMPOSITION AND CARBON CYCLING IN 'FADAMA' COASTAL WETLANDS: A CASE STUDY OF HEAPING WETLANDS ECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
George Dasat Shwamyil ◽  
G. Danjuma ◽  
E. S. Chundusu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Plateau State

Wetlands provide several ecosystem services including carbon capture and storage, water filtration, nutrient cycling, and support agriculture among others. The biogeochemical process and decomposition parameters in ‘Fadama' wetland soils comprising of Gada biyu, Pwomol and Kpang referred to as sites A, B, and C respectively all of Heipang District in Barkin Ladi, Plateau State was investigated using standard operating procedures (SOP). Results of investigations revealed that soils from Kpang had slightly higher water content (34.52%) than those from Pwomol (33.48%) and Gada biyu (32.03%). While soils from Gada biyu had the highest solid organic matter (SOM) (10.79%) followed by Pwomol (8.15%) as Kpang had the least (7.85%). Gada biyu soils had the lowest Phenol oxidases activity (1536.56 nmol dicq g-1 h-1) while those from Pwomol (5340.44 nmol dicq g-1 h-1) was highest. All sites had similar concentrations of soil phenolics (76.58 µg g-1, 79.98µg g-1, and 83.25µg g-1). The activity of hydrolyses (β-glucosidase) in Gada biyu soil (2.93 nmol g-1 min-1) was lower than those from Pwomol (6.13 nmol g-1 min-1). These parameters indicate the level of biogeochemical processes in the soil at each site. Gada biyu had the highest rate of CH4 (0.84 ug g-1h-1) flux. Decomposition of organic matter, carbon cycling and greenhouse gas storage in wetland soil, is due to the anoxic condition comprising of low oxygen availability, cool temperatures, anaerobic conditions, reduced microbial activity, and the quality of organic matter substrates in such soils.  Anthropogenic disturbances affecting wetlands must be discouraged to promote vital ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Different Molecular Characterization of Soil Particulate Fractions under N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Jing Geng ◽  
Shulan Cheng ◽  
Huajun Fang ◽  
Jie Pei ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
N Treatment

Key Findings: Combining physical fractionation and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) technique can help better understand the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM). Background and Objectives: SOM plays a critical role in the global carbon (C) cycle. However, its complexity remains a challenge in characterizing chemical molecular composition within SOM and under nitrogen (N) deposition. Materials and Methods: Three particulate organic matter (POM) fractions within SOM and under N treatments were studied from perspectives of distributions, C contents and chemical signatures in a subtropical forest. N addition experiment was conducted with two inorganic N forms (NH4Cl and NaNO3) applied at three rates of 0, 40, 120 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Three particle-size fractions (>250 μm, 53–250 μm and <53 μm) were separated by a wet-sieving method. Py-GC/MS technique was used to differentiate between chemical composition. Results: A progressive proportion transfer of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) to fine POM under N treatment was found. Only C content in fine POM was sensitive to N addition. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the coarse POM had the largest plant-derived markers (lignins, phenols, long-chain n-alkanes, and n-alkenes). Short-chain n-alkanes and n-alkenes, benzofurans, aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mainly from black carbon prevailed in the fine POM. N compounds and polysaccharides from microbial products dominated in the MAOM. Factor analysis revealed that the degradation extent of three fractions was largely distinct. The difference in chemical structure among three particulate fractions within SOM was larger than treatments between control and N addition. In terms of N treatment impact, the MAOM fraction had fewer benzofurans compounds and was enriched in polysaccharides, indicating comparatively weaker mineralization and stronger stabilization of these substances. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of chemical structure in SOM pools and help to understand the influence of N deposition on SOM transformation.

scholarly journals Molecular, Radioactive and Stable Carbon Isotope Characterization of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Megens ◽  
Johannes Van Der Plicht ◽  
Jan W. De Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
C Value ◽  
Final Residue

Organic matter in sediments and suspended matter is a complex mixture of constituents with different histories, sources and stabilities. To study these components in a suspended matter sample from the Ems-Dollard Estuary, we used combined molecular analysis with pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and stable and radioactive carbon isotope analyses of the bulk and separated chemical fractions. Carbohydrates and proteins, ca. 50% of the total organic carbon (TOC), are much younger than the bulk sample and have a somewhat higher δ13C value. Lipids and the final residue are considerably older and have lower δ13C values. The final residue, ca. 17% of the total carbon, consists mainly of aliphatic macromolecules that could be derived from algae or terrestrial plants. The δ13C value points to a marine origin.

scholarly journals Petrography and Organic Geochemistry Characterizations of Lower Paleozoic Organic-Rich Shale in the Northwestern Upper Yangtze Plate: Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation, Dabashan Foreland Belt

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delu Li ◽  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Longmaxi Formation ◽  
Niutitang Formation

Measurements of total organic carbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, maceral examination, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted on the organic-rich shale of Lower Paleozoic Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Dabashan foreland belt to discuss the organic matter characteristic, organic matter origin, redox condition, and salinity. The results indicate that the Niutiang Formation and Longmaxi Formation organic-rich shale are good and very good source rocks with Type I kerogen. Both of the shales have reached mature stage for generating gas. Biomarker analyses indicate that the organic matter origin of Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation organic-rich shale are all derived from the lower bacteria and algae, and the organic matter are all suffered different biodegradation degrees. During Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation period, the redox conditions are both anoxic with no stratification and the sedimentary water is normal marine water.

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