scholarly journals Pre-operative limbic system functional connectivity distinguishes responders from non-responders to surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden Danyluk ◽  
Stefan Lang ◽  
Oury Monchi ◽  
Tejas Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

Abstract Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain condition often requiring surgical treatment. Unfortunately, even technically successful surgery fails to achieve durable pain relief in many patients. The purpose of this study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to: 1) compare functional connectivity between limbic and accessory sensory networks in TN patients versus healthy controls; and 2) determine if pre-operative variability in these networks can distinguish responders and non-responders to surgery for TN. Methods We prospectively recruited 22 medically refractory classic or idiopathic TN patients undergoing surgical treatment over a 3-year period, and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. fMRI was acquired within the month prior to surgery for all TN patients and at any time during the study period for controls. Functional connectivity analysis was restricted to six pain-relevant brain regions selected a priori: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and insula. Two comparisons were performed: 1) TN versus controls; and 2) responders versus non-responders to surgical treatment for TN. Functional connectivity was assessed with a two-sample t-test, using a statistical significance threshold of p < 0.050 with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons. Results Functional connectivity was increased in TN patients compared to controls between the right insular cortex and both the left thalamus (t(39) = 3.67, p = 0.0007) and right thalamus (t(39) = 3.22, p = 0.0026). TN patients who were non-responders to surgery displayed increased functional connectivity between limbic structures, including between the left and right hippocampus (t(18) = 2.85, p = 0.0106), and decreased functional connectivity between the ACC and both the left amygdala (t(18) = 2.94, p = 0.0087) and right hippocampus (t(18) = 3.20, p = 0.0049). Across all TN patients, duration of illness was negatively correlated with connectivity between the ACC and left amygdala (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.00437) as well as the ACC and right hippocampus (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.0318). Conclusions TN patients show significant functional connectivity abnormalities in sensory-salience regions. However, variations in the strength of functional connectivity in limbic networks may explain why some TN patients fail to respond adequately to surgery.

scholarly journals Pre-operative Limbic System Functional Connectivity Distinguishes Responders From Non-responders to Surgical Treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden Danyluk ◽  
Stefan Lang ◽  
Oury Monchi ◽  
Tejas Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain condition often requiring surgical treatment. Unfortunately, even technically successful surgery fails to achieve durable pain relief in many patients. The purpose of this study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to: (1) compare functional connectivity between limbic and accessory sensory networks in TN patients vs. healthy controls; and (2) determine if pre-operative variability in these networks can distinguish responders and non-responders to surgery for TN.Methods: We prospectively recruited 22 medically refractory classic or idiopathic TN patients undergoing surgical treatment over a 3-year period, and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. fMRI was acquired within the month prior to surgery for all TN patients and at any time during the study period for controls. Functional connectivity analysis was restricted to six pain-relevant brain regions selected a priori: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and insula. Two comparisons were performed: (1) TN vs. controls; and (2) responders vs. non-responders to surgical treatment for TN. Functional connectivity was assessed with a two-sample t-test, using a statistical significance threshold of p &lt; 0.050 with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons.Results: Pre-operative functional connectivity was increased in TN patients compared to controls between the right insular cortex and both the left thalamus [t(39) = 3.67, p = 0.0007] and right thalamus [t(39) = 3.22, p = 0.0026]. TN patients who were non-responders to surgery displayed increased functional connectivity between limbic structures, including between the left and right hippocampus [t(18) = 2.85, p = 0.0106], and decreased functional connectivity between the ACC and both the left amygdala [t(18) = 2.94, p = 0.0087] and right hippocampus [t(18) = 3.20, p = 0.0049]. Across all TN patients, duration of illness was negatively correlated with connectivity between the ACC and left amygdala (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.00437) as well as the ACC and right hippocampus (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.0318).Conclusions: TN patients show significant functional connectivity abnormalities in sensory-salience regions. However, variations in the strength of functional connectivity in limbic networks may explain why some TN patients fail to respond adequately to surgery.

scholarly journals Osteopathy modulates brain–heart interaction in chronic pain patients: an ASL study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cerritelli ◽  
Piero Chiacchiaretta ◽  
Francesco Gambi ◽  
Raoul Saggini ◽  
Mauro Gianni Perrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Insula

AbstractIn this study we used a combination of measures including regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and heart rate variability (HRV) to investigate brain–heart correlates of longitudinal baseline changes of chronic low back pain (cLBP) after osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Thirty-two right-handed patients were randomised and divided into 4 weekly session of OMT (N = 16) or Sham (N = 16). Participants aged 42.3 ± 7.3 (M/F: 20/12) with cLBP (duration: 14.6 ± 8.0 m). At the end of the study, patients receiving OMT showed decreased baseline rCBF within several regions belonging to the pain matrix (left posterior insula, left anterior cingulate cortex, left thalamus), sensory regions (left superior parietal lobe), middle frontal lobe and left cuneus. Conversely, rCBF was increased in right anterior insula, bilateral striatum, left posterior cingulate cortex, right prefrontal cortex, left cerebellum and right ventroposterior lateral thalamus in the OMT group as compared with Sham. OMT showed a statistically significant negative correlation between baseline High Frequency HRV changes and rCBF changes at T2 in the left posterior insula and bilateral lentiform nucleus. The same brain regions showed a positive correlation between rCBF changes and Low Frequency HRV baseline changes at T2. These findings suggest that OMT can play a significant role in regulating brain–heart interaction mechanisms.

scholarly journals Disrupted socio-emotional neural circuitry in adolescents with borderline personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Safar ◽  
Julie Sato ◽  
Anthony C. Ruocco ◽  
Marshall S. Korenblum ◽  
Helen O'Halpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Angry Face ◽  
Implicit Perception ◽  
Functional Circuitry

Background: Disruptions in fronto-limbic functional connectivity have been reported in adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), although it is not yet known whether functional circuitry is similarly altered in adolescents with high levels of BPD traits. Methods: Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the current study investigated task-dependent functional connectivity of eight a priori regions of interest implicated in emotional and social processing during the implicit perception of emotional faces (angry and happy), in 8 female adolescents with BPD traits and 8 age-matched female controls. Results: A network comprising reduced alpha-band phase synchrony during implicit angry face perception was observed in adolescents with BPD traits compared to controls. The network involved brain regions within a fronto-limbic circuit, including connections among bilateral amygdalae and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and additional regions implicated in emotion processing. Conclusions: Results suggest that disrupted interregional oscillatory communication during the perception of threatening emotional expressions might contribute to the socio-emotional dysregulation and maladaptive behavioral responses commonly found in adolescents high in BPD traits. Furthermore, we speculate that this aberrant neural connectivity subserves the emergence of the disorder in adults.

scholarly journals Inferior Frontal Gyrus-Based Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Medium Dispositional Use of Reappraisal Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Ke Xie ◽  
Ronald K. Ngetich ◽  
Junjun Zhang ◽  
Zhenlan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

The previous neuroimaging functional connectivity analyses have indicated that the association between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and other brain regions results in better emotion regulation in reappraisal tasks. However, no study has explored the relationship between IFG-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the dispositional use of reappraisal strategy. Therefore, the present study examined the potential associations between rsFC patterns of both left and right IFG and dispositional reappraisal use. One hundred healthy participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. An approach of the seed-based rsFC analysis was recruited to estimate the functional connectivity maps of bilateral IFG with other brain regions, and the reappraisal scores from the ERQ were then correlated with the functional maps. Our findings showed that IFG-based rsFC was positively correlated with dispositional reappraisal only in the range of 4 to 5.5 points [medium reappraisal group (MRG)]. Specifically, medium dispositional reappraisal was positively correlated with rsFC between left/right IFG and bilateral temporal gyrus. Besides, medium dispositional reappraisal was positively correlated with rsFC between left IFG and bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL), middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and right insula, as well as between right IFG and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In conclusion, these results indicate that bilateral IFG plays an important role in the medium use of the reappraisal strategy.

scholarly journals Changes in functional connectivity are associated with one season of head-to-ball impact exposure in male collegiate soccer athletes

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S14.2-S15
Author(s):  
Derek C. Monroe ◽  
David Keator ◽  
Robert Blumenfeld ◽  
James Hicks ◽  
Steven L. Small
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Division I ◽  
Soccer Players

ObjectivesReturn-to-play protocols could be improved by a better understanding of the physiologic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Autonomic dysregulation is thought to underlie many of the multi-dimensional symptoms following mTBI and may derive from altered connectivity in the brain central autonomic network (CAN). Understanding the relationship between injury and CAN connectivity could lead to a useful biomarker for mTBI. Toward this end, the present study aimed to establish a formal relationship between non-symptomatic head-to-ball impacts (“headers”) and CAN connectivity in collegiate soccer athletes.MethodsEleven male NCAA Division I soccer players were monitored by athletic training staff throughout 1 season for the number of headers. Ten male NCAA Division I athletes (3 cross-country and 7 golfers) served as controls. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI pre- and post-season. Twenty ROIs were selected based on regions previously implicated in control and modulation of autonomic function. Graph theoretical analyses were used to probe changes in network architecture and connectivity. Specific contrasts focused on pre- and post-season changes that were explained by individual differences in exposure to headers (p < 0.05 uncorrected).ResultsWithin the 20 node network, increases in headers were associated with reduced degree centrality of the left and right insular cortex and right putamen (p< 0.02), increased degree and betweenness centrality in the left anterior and right posterior Para hippocampal gyri (p< 0.03), and increased betweenness centrality in the anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.006). Headers were also associated with reduced functional connectivity within the subnetwork including the anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.0073), right hippocampus, left putamen, and left insular cortex (p< 0.04).ConclusionHighly skilled soccer players who sustained the greatest number of head impacts also experienced the greatest altered connectivity among regions associated with autonomic function. Future work to establish autonomic function as an injury biomarker should consider the importance of cumulative impact magnitudes.

scholarly journals Association between functional and structural connectivity of the corticostriatal network in people with schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Ri-Xing Jing ◽  
Rong-Jiang Zhao ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
Hong-Qiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dysfunction of the corticostriatal network has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but findings are inconsistent within and across imaging modalities. We used multimodal neuroimaging to analyze functional and structural connectivity in the corticostriatal network in people with schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives. Methods: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans from people with schizophrenia (n = 47), relatives (n = 30) and controls (n = 49). We compared seed-based functional and structural connectivity across groups within striatal subdivisions defined a priori. Results: Compared with controls, people with schizophrenia had altered connectivity between the subdivisions and brain regions in the frontal and temporal cortices and thalamus; relatives showed different connectivity between the subdivisions and the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left precuneus. Post-hoc t tests revealed that people with schizophrenia had decreased functional connectivity in the ventral loop (ventral striatum–right ACC) and dorsal loop (executive striatum–right ACC and sensorimotor striatum–right ACC), accompanied by decreased structural connectivity; relatives had reduced functional connectivity in the ventral loop and the dorsal loop (right executive striatum–right ACC) and no significant difference in structural connectivity compared with the other groups. Functional connectivity among people with schizophrenia in the bilateral ventral striatum–right ACC was correlated with positive symptom severity. Limitations: The number of relatives included was moderate. Striatal subdivisions were defined based on a relatively low threshold, and structural connectivity was measured based on fractional anisotropy alone. Conclusion: Our findings provide insight into the role of hypoconnectivity of the ventral corticostriatal system in people with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Pelvic Pain Alters Functional Connectivity Between Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Hippocampus in Both Humans and a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Yunan Chen ◽  
Zhiying Liang ◽  
Jinxiang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Social Pain

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HIPP) are two key brain regions associated with pain and pain-related affective processing. However, whether and how pelvic pain alters the neural activity and connectivity of the ACC and HIPP under baseline and during social pain, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with electrophysiology and biochemistry, we show that pelvic pain, particularly, primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), causes an increase in the functional connectivity between ACC and HIPP in resting-state fMRI, and a smaller reduction in connectivity during social exclusion in PDM females with periovulatory phase. Similarly, model rats demonstrate significantly increased ACC-HIPP synchronization in the gamma band, associating with reduced modulation by ACC-theta on HIPP-gamma and increased levels of receptor proteins and excitation. This study brings together human fMRI and animal research and enables improved therapeutic strategies for ameliorating pain and pain-related affective processing.

scholarly journals N-Acetylaspartyl-Glutamate Metabolism in the Cingulated Cortices as a Biomarker of the Etiology in ASD: A 1H-MRS Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Carmen Jiménez-Espinoza ◽  
Francisco Marcano Serrano ◽  
José Luis González-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
1H Mrs

As brain functional resonance magnetic studies show an aberrant trajectory of neurodevelopment, it is reasonable to predict that the degree of neurochemical abnormalities indexed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) might also change according to the developmental stages and brain regions in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Since specific N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA) changes in children’s metabolism have been found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) but not in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), we analyzed whether the metabolites of ASD youths change between the cingulate cortices using 1H-MRS. l-glutamate (Glu) and l-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA) are products from the N-Acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) metabolism in a reaction that requires the participation of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. This altered tri-cellular metabolism has been described in several neurological diseases, but not in ASD. Compared to the typical development (TD) group, the ASD group had an abnormal pattern of metabolites in the ACC, with a significant increase of glutamate (12.10 ± 3.92 mM; p = 0.02); additionally, N-Acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate significantly decreased (0.41 ± 0.27 mM; p = 0.02) within ASD metabolism abnormalities in the ACC, which may allow the development of new therapeutic possibilities.

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