scholarly journals An observational study of balance and proprioception function in patients with spinocerebellar ataxias type 3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia-Hua Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Hao-Ling Xu ◽  
Arif Sikandar ◽  
Wei-Hong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Type 3

Abstract BackgroundPostural instability is one of the most disabling features of spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3) and often leads to falls that reduce mobility and functional capacity. This study aimed to quantitatively analyse static and dynamic balance and proprioception function on postural control in patients with SCA3 using the Pro-kin system and optimise rehabilitation programmes for them.MethodsEight-one clinically diagnosed SCA3 patients (38 women, 43 men; aged 39.00 ± 9.66) and 62 healthy controls were studied and evaluated using the Pro-kin system (PK254P, Tecnobody S.r.l, Dalmine, Italy). The measurements included (1) a static balance test in two visual feedback conditions: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC); (2) a dynamic balance test measuring limits of stability (LOS); and (3) a proprioception function test to obtain proprioceptive measurements on a multiaxial balance evaluator for both right and left lower limbs.ResultsCompared to controls, SCA3 patients showed significantly higher values of all static balance outcome variables with eyes open and eyes closed, implying postural instability. SCA3 patients showed significantly higher values in the standard deviation of body sway along the medio-lateral (ML) axis and in the velocity of body sway along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. The overall scores and the scores for all eight LOS components were significantly lower in the SCA3 patients than in the controls. The mean values of AP index (API), ML index (MLI), Stability index (SI) and average trace error (ATE) were significantly greater in SCA3 patients compared to HC subjects, while API showed a trend toward higher values.ConclusionsSCA3 patients have a significant postural control disorder, and are likely to fall on the AP plane and prefer performing postural adjustments in the ML direction; a decreased proprioception function in the knee and ankle is also evident. Visual cues and proprioception should be emphasized in balance rehabilitation training. Attention should also be paid to improve muscle strength and range of motion.Trial registrationThe Chinese clinical test registration center. ChiCTR1800020133. Registered 15 december 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33950

Effects of hypothermic anesthesia of the feet on vibration-induced body sway and adaptation

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stål ◽  
P.A. Fransson ◽  
M. Magnusson ◽  
M. Karlberg
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Sensor Information ◽  
Ice Water

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of information from the plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors in postural control and whether postural control could compensate for reduced cutaneous information by adaptation. Sixteen healthy subjects were tested with eyes open or eyes closed with hypothermic and normal feet temperature during posturography where body sway was induced by vibratory proprioceptive stimulation towards both calf muscles. The hypothermic anesthesia was obtained by cooling the subject's feet in ice water for 20 minutes. Body movements were evaluated by analyzing the anteroposterior and lateral torques induced towards the supporting surface by a force platform during the posturography tests. The reduction of cutaneous sensor information from the mechanoreceptors of the feet significantly increased the vibration-induced torque variance mainly in the anteroposterior direction. However, the effects of disturbed mechanoreceptors information was rapidly compensated for through postural adaptation and torque variance was in level with that without anesthesia within 50 to 100 seconds of stimulation, both when standing with eyes open and eyes closed. Our findings suggest that somatosensory input from mechanoreceptors in the foot soles contribute significantly in maintaining postural control, but the sensory loss could be compensated for.

scholarly journals Applying the Minimal Detectable Change of a Static and Dynamic Balance Test Using a Portable Stabilometric Platform to Individually Assess Patients with Balance Disorders

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan De la Torre ◽  
Javier Marin ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
José J. Marín
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Specialist Physician

Balance disorders have a high prevalence among elderly people in developed countries, and falls resulting from balance disorders involve high healthcare costs. Therefore, tools and indicators are necessary to assess the response to treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect relevant changes through minimal detectable change (MDC) values in patients with balance disorders, specifically with vertigo. A test-retest of a static and dynamic balance test was conducted on 34 healthy young volunteer subjects using a portable stabilometric platform. Afterwards, in order to show the MDC applicability, eight patients diagnosed with balance disorders characterized by vertigo of vestibular origin performed the balance test before and after a treatment, contrasting the results with the assessment by a specialist physician. The balance test consisted of four tasks from the Romberg test for static balance control, assessing dynamic postural balance through the limits of stability (LOS). The results obtained in the test-retest show the reproducibility of the system as being similar to or better than those found in the literature. Regarding the static balance variables with the lowest MDC value, we highlight the average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) in all tasks and the root mean square (RMS), the area, and the mediolateral displacement in soft surface, with eyes closed. In LOS, all COP limits and the average speed of the COP and RMS were highlighted. Of the eight patients assessed, an agreement between the specialist physician and the balance test results exists in six of them, and for two of the patients, the specialist physician reported no progression, whereas the balance test showed worsening. Patients showed changes that exceeded the MDC values, and these changes were correlated with the results reported by the specialist physician. We conclude that (at least for these eight patients) certain variables were sufficiently sensitive to detect changes linked to balance progression. This is intended to improve decision making and individualized patient monitoring.

scholarly journals Influence of gender on static balance in healthy community dwelling elderly: a comparison using posturography

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2950
Author(s):  
Atiya A. Shaikh ◽  
Rutuja D. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Sensory Interaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eyes Open

Background: Background and need of study- Influence of gender on balance is still controversial. Previous researchers have done studies using traditional methods. These methods may fail to detect subtle changes in balance difference. A tool like posturography which is highly specific may help to for accurate assessment and hence precise conclusion. Aim was to compare balance scores of male and female elderly using modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (CTSIB).Methods: There were 56 healthy elderly ambulating without an assistive device and free from any neurological and orthopedic problems were assessed for their balance abilities using mCTSIB of balance master(standing on firm surface with eyes open, with eyes closed, standing on foam surface with eyes open and with eyes closed). Sway velocity was assessed using Unpaired t test.Results: There was a no significant difference in scores of modified CTSIB between male and female elderly ( p value>0.005).Conclusions: Gender has no effect on static balance abilities between male and female elderly while performing modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSTURAL ALIGNMENT IN STANDING BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND STATIC BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Aija Klavina ◽  
Zinta Galeja
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Bipedal Stance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

This study was executed to explore correlation between postural alignment in standing measured through photogrammetry and static balance in children with visual, hearing, intellectual and physical disability. METHODS: Participants were 34 children (age 7-12 years) including 8 children with hearing, 8 with visual, 6 with physical, and 12 children with intellectual disabilities Postural alignment in standing was measured through photogrammetry. Static balance data were obtained in 15 s bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and also in 10 s unipedal stance. A force plate was used to collect data of Centre of Pressure amplitude in anterior-posterior, medio-lateral directions and velocity. Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 19.0). RESULTS: Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.338 to r = 425; p ≤ 0.05) was found between angle of head position and angle of frontal and sagittal ASIS and PSIS level. Also, moderate positive correlation was found between angles in shoulder level and angles of the head (r =  .365 to r = .453, p < .05). In assessing the static balance outcomes between the four groups, results presented significant differences in results during bipedal stance with eyes open. CONCLUSION: Degree of forward head posture correlates directly with hip and shoulder anatomical placement. Children with intellectual disability presented larger displacement of the center of pressure with more body sway observed during eyes open condition.

scholarly journals Effects of Typical Athletic Shoes on Postural Balance According to Foot Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Im Yi ◽  
Kee Hoon Kim ◽  
Yeo Reum Choe ◽  
Sung Heon Kim ◽  
Joo Sup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Athletic Shoes

Background The effects of shoes and foot type on balance are unclear. We aimed to investigate the differences between static and dynamic balance among three foot types and the changes in postural balance while wearing typical athletic shoes. Methods Based on the Foot Posture Index, the feet of 39 participants were classified as pronated, neutral, or supinated by a physiatrist. Static and dynamic balance function were assessed by center of gravity (COG) sway velocity with eyes open and eyes closed and a modified Star Excursion Balance Test in a random order with participants either barefoot or wearing shoes. Results The COG sway velocity was significantly higher in the supinated foot group than in the neutral foot group (barefoot: eyes open, P = .004, eyes closed, P = .001). Normalized composite reach distance (NCRD) was significantly lower in the pronated and supinated foot groups (barefoot: P = .039, P = .008; shoes: P = .018, P = .018). In all three foot type groups, COG sway velocity was significantly decreased (P &lt; .05) and NCRD was significantly increased (P &lt; .05) while wearing typical athletic shoes. Conclusions The medial longitudinal arch of the foot affects postural balance. Typical athletic shoes improve postural balance regardless of foot type. However, the pronated and supinated foot groups still had lower dynamic postural balance compared with the neutral foot group, even when wearing athletic shoes. People with pronated and supinated feet may need additional interventions, such as foot orthoses or balance training.

scholarly journals Balance Comparison between Iranian Elderly with and without Knee Range of Motion Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Lohrasbipeydeh ◽  
Soh Kim Geok ◽  
Roxana Dev Omar Dev ◽  
Seyedali Ahrari ◽  
Ong Swee Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Eyes Open

This study compares the static eye movement (eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic balance amongst Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion (ROM) limitations. The method used was a quasi-experimental before/after study. The participants consisted of 30 older Iranian adults, aged 60 or more (10 females and 20 males across two groups of 15 in each group) who were evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg (SR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. An independent t-test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of the two groups of the elderly. The findings showed substantial alterations in all the measured components between the subjects. The static balance with an open eye (p = 0.028) and closed eye (p = 0.021), as well as the dynamic balance (p = 0.009) between the elderly with and without the limitation of knee ROM, was substantially different. Moving forward, the findings of this study suggested that the balance of the elderly was directly linked to knee ROM, as the elderly without limitations of knee ROM displayed greater stability than the elderly with limitations of knee ROM. Health care practitioners should also understand the ROM of the knee, as individuals with ROM limitations of the knee are more likely to fall due to underlying disorders associated with their balance.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effects of Exercises Applied on Unstable Surfaces on High School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ali Ozuak ◽  
Kamil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of plyometric exercises applied on unstable platforms on static and dynamic balances of soccer players who continued their high school education. In the study, male soccer players with similar socio-economic status between the ages of 14 and 16 formed the study group (SG; n=24; age=15.08±1.36) and the control group (CG; n=22; age=15.22±1.62). Static Balance Eyes Open (SB-EO), Static Balance Eyes Closed (SB-EC) and Dynamic Balance tests (DB) were applied on the SG and CG as pre- and post-tests for both dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL). SG athletes were subjected to plyometric exercises on unstable surfaces for sixteen sessions that were integrated into the physical education lessons in high school while CG athletes performed only a traditional soccer training program. As a result of the statistical analyses, when the pre-post test scores of the SG were examined, dynamic balance-dominant leg (DB-DL; p=0.03), dynamic balance-non-dominant leg (DB-NDL; p=0.03), static balance eyes open-dominant leg (SB-EO-DL; p=0 01), static balance eyes closed -dominant leg (SB-EC-DL; p=0.03) and static balance eyes closed-non-dominant leg (SB-EC-NDL; p=0.01) measurements were found statistically significant (p<0.05) while the CG had statistical improvements only in SB-EO-DL measurements (p=0.03). When the differences between the two groups were examined, only SB-EC-DL measurements were found statistically significant in favor of the SG (p=0.03). In conclusion, especially the improvement of DL observed in the SG is important for optimum performance considering that it is necessary to use both legs effectively in soccer. Considering the multitude of activities performed on a single leg in soccer, it is thought that the increase in bilateral balance can improve the skills that determine soccer performance in difficult conditions such as dribbling, shooting and passing.

scholarly journals Construct Validity of the Assessment of Balance in Children Who Are Developing Typically and in Children With Hearing Impairments

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1783-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra De Kegel ◽  
Inge Dhooge ◽  
Wim Peersman ◽  
Johan Rijckaert ◽  
Tina Baetens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Eyes Open

Background Children with hearing impairments have a higher risk for deficits in balance and gross motor skills compared with children who are developing typically. As balance is a fundamental ability for the motor development of children, a valid and reliable assessment to identify weaknesses in balance is crucial. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of posturography and clinical balance tests in children with hearing impairments and in children who are developing typically. Methods The study involved 53 children with typical development and 23 children with hearing impairments who were between 6 and 12 years of age and without neuromotor or orthopedic disorders. All participants completed 3 posturography tests (modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance [mCTSIB], unilateral stance, and tandem stance) and 4 clinical balance tests (one-leg stance with eyes open and with eyes closed, balance beam walking, and one-leg hopping). Results Three conditions of the mCTSIB, unilateral stance, and 2 clinical balance tests were able to distinguish significantly between the 2 groups. Children with hearing impairments showed more difficulties in balance tasks compared with children who were developing typically when 1 or 2 types of sensory information were eliminated or disturbed. The study showed only low to moderate correlations among the different methods of evaluating balance. Conclusions Clinical balance tests and posturography offer different but complementary information. An assessment protocol for balance consisting of posturography and clinical balance tasks is proposed. Static and dynamic balance abilities could not be differentiated and seem not to be a valid dichotomy.

scholarly journals Immediate Effect of Balance Taping Using Kinesiology Tape on Dynamic and Static Balance after Ankle Muscle Fatigue

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Su Choi ◽  
Jung-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Static State ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Ankle Muscle ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Dynamic States

The objective of this study was to investigate whether ankle balance taping (ABT) applied after muscle fatigue-inducing exercise can cause immediate improvements in dynamic and static balance. A total of 31 adults (16 males and 15 females) met the inclusion criteria. The experiment was designed using a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Changes in static and dynamic balance were measured before and after inducing muscle fatigue in the ankles and after ABT or ankle placebo taping (APT). After ankle muscle fatigue-inducing exercise, both the ABT and APT groups showed significant increases in surface area ellipses in the static state with eyes open (p < 0.05), and significant increases in surface area ellipses in the static and dynamic states with eyes closed (both p < 0.05). After taping of the fatigued ankle, surface area ellipses decreased significantly when eyes were open and closed in the static and dynamic states, but only in the ABT group (p < 0.05). Static balance was significantly different between groups (eyes open, 36.2 ± 86; eyes closed, 22.9 ± 46.7). Dynamic balance was significantly different between groups (eyes open, 68.6 ± 152.1; eyes closed, 235.8 ± 317.6). ABT may help prevent ankle injuries in individuals who experience muscle fatigue around the ankles after sports and daily activities.

scholarly journals Examination of the effects of swimming exercises and thera-band workouts on dynamic and static balance in children between 7-12 years of age7-12 yaş arası çocuklarda yüzme egzersizi ve thera-band çalışmalarının dinamik ve statik dengeye etkisinin incelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Kılınç ◽  
Mehmet Günay ◽  
Şeyhmus Kaplan ◽  
Akan Bayrakdar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming exercises and theraband workouts on dynamic and static balance in children aged 7-12 years. The study was conducted with 20 subjects aged 7-12 who were interested in swimming for at least 2 years and engaged in swimming training on a regular basis for 5 days per week. Informed consent was obtained from the parents and trainers of the participants about their voluntary participation. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups. Swimming and theraband workouts were made to the 1. group (n=10), only swimming exercises were made to the 2. group (n=10). In this study, anthropometric measurements and static and dynamic balance measurements were taken. The study was carried out in the Van Olympic Swimming Pool. The analysis of the data in-group and intergroup measurements were performed. There was statistically significant improvement between the variables in the theraband exercise group. Developments were thought to be influenced by the specificity of the movements. The experimental group showed a statistically significant in the eyes open front-to-back swing %28,85, eyes closed front-to-back swing %6,66, the average speed of eyes open front-to-back swing %20,12, the eyes open front-to-back swing body balance %15,83, eyes open left to right swing %14,66, eyes open left to right swing speed %22,30, anterior experimental group %1,91 and posterolateral experimental group %4,54. The difference between the posterolateral and anterior post-test groups was observed. Test*group interaction was observed at the speed of  eyes open front-to-back and left to right swings. This interaction was due to intra-group developments in the experimental group. As a result, theraband studies examined under the name of swimming and core exercise in children athletes were thought to play an important role in the development of static and dynamic balance. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışma 7-12 yaş arası çocuklarda yüzme egzersizi ve tereband çalışmalarının dinamik ve statik dengeye etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma en az 2 yıl yüzme branşı ile ilgilenen ve haftada 5 gün düzenli olarak yüzme antrenmanı yapan yaşları 7-12 arasında olan 20 denek ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların velilerinden ve antrenörlerinden gönüllü katılımları ile ilgili aydınlanmış onamları alınmıştır. Katılımcılar rastgele yöntemle 2 gruba ayrılmışlardır. 1. gruba (n=10) yüzme ve tereband çalışmaları, 2. gruba (n=10) sadece yüzme egzersizleri yaptırılmıştır. Çalışmada antropometrik ölçümler ile statik ve dinamik denge ölçümleri alınmıştır. Çalışma Van Olimpik yüzme havuzunda uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde grupiçi ve gruplararası ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tereband egzersiz grubunda değişkenler arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı gelişme görülmüştür. Gelişmelerin hareketlerin spesikfikliğinden etkilendiği düşünülmektedir. Deney grubunun göz açık öne arkaya salınım %28,85, göz kapalı öne arkaya salınım %6,66, göz açık öne arkaya salınım ortalama hızı %20,12, göz açık öne arkaya salınım gövde dengesi %15,83,  göz açık sağa sola salınım %14,66, göz açık sağa sola salınım hızı %22,30, Anterior %1,91 ve Posterolateral deney grubunda %4,54 oranında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir artış göstermiştir. Posterolateral ve anteriorda son test gruplar arası farklılık gözlemlenmiştir.  Göz açık öne arkaya salınım ve göz açık sağa sola salınım hızında test*grup etkileşimi gözlenirken, bu etkileşim deney grubundaki grup içi gelişimlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çocuk sporcularda yüzme ve core egzersiz adı altında incelenen tereband çalışmalarının statik ve dinamik denge geliştirme de önemli rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir.

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