scholarly journals Development of an Anti-infective Coating on the Surface of Intraosseous Implants Responsive to Enzymes and Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liao ◽  
Xingfang Yu ◽  
Haiping Yu ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
Bi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
K Wires ◽  
Substrate Independent

Abstract BackgroundBacterial proliferation on the endosseous implants surface presents a new threat to the using of the bone implants. Unfortunately, there is no effective constructed antibacterial coating which is bacterial anti-adhesion substrate-independent or have long-term biofilm inhibition functions. MethodsDrug release effect was tested in CMS solution and S. aureus. We used bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakageexperiment to analyze the in vitro antibacterial effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer film. We used the CCK-8 assay to analyze the effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films on the growth and proliferation of rat osteoblasts. Rat orthopaedic implant-related infections model was constructed to test the antimicrobial activity effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films in vivo.ResultsIn this study, the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films structure were progressively degraded and showed well concentration-dependent degradation characteristics following incubation with Staphylococcus aureus and CMS solution. Bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakageexperiment showed high levels of bactericidal activity. While the CCK-8 analysis proved that the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films possess perfect biocompatibility. It is somewhat encouraging that in the in vivo antibacterial tests, the K-wires coated with (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films showed lower infections incidence and inflammation than the unmodified group, and all parameters are close to SHAM group. Conclusion(MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films provides a potential therapeutic method for orthopaedic implant-related infections.

scholarly journals Development of an anti-infective coating on the surface of intraosseous implants responsive to enzymes and bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liao ◽  
Xingfang Yu ◽  
Haiping Yu ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
Bi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Protein Leakage ◽  
K Wires

Abstract Background Bacterial proliferation on the endosseous implants surface presents a new threat to the using of the bone implants. Unfortunately, there is no effective constructed antibacterial coating which is bacterial anti-adhesion substrate-independent or have long-term biofilm inhibition functions. Methods Drug release effect was tested in Chymotrypsin (CMS) solution and S. aureus. We used bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakage experiment to analyze the in vitro antibacterial effect of (Montmorillonite/Poly-l-lysine-Chlorhexidine)10 [(MMT/PLL-CHX)10] multilayer film. We used the CCK-8 assay to analyze the effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films on the growth and proliferation of rat osteoblasts. Rat orthopaedic implant-related infections model was constructed to test the antimicrobial activity effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films in vivo. Results In this study, the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films structure were progressively degraded and showed well concentration-dependent degradation characteristics following incubation with Staphylococcus aureus and CMS solution. Bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakage experiment showed high levels of bactericidal activity. While the CCK-8 analysis proved that the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films possess perfect biocompatibility. It is somewhat encouraging that in the in vivo antibacterial tests, the K-wires coated with (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films showed lower infections incidence and inflammation than the unmodified group, and all parameters are close to SHAM group. Conclusion (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films provides a potential therapeutic method for orthopaedic implant-related infections.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Carassius auratus by YtnP, a N-acyl Homoserine Lactonase from Bacillus licheniformis T-1

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Mengfan Peng ◽  
Wentao Tong ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Zhaoyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Sequence Identity

In this experiment, the quorum quenching gene ytnP of Bacillus licheniformis T-1 was cloned and expressed, and the effect against infection of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 was evaluated in vitro and vivo. The BLAST results revealed a 99% sequence identity between the ytnP gene of T-1 and its homolog in B.subtilis sub sp. BSP1, and the dendroGram showed that the similarity in the YtnP protein in T-1 was 100% in comparison with B.subtilis 3610, which was categorized as the Aidc cluster of the MBL family. The AHL lactonase activity of the purified YtnP was detected as 1.097 ± 0.7 U/mL with C6-HSL as the substrate. Otherwise, purified YtnP protein could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of A.hydrophila ATCC 7966 with an inhibition rate of 68%. The MIC of thiamphenicol and doxycycline hydrochloride against A. hydrophila reduced from 4 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL and 0.125 μg/mL, respectively, in the presence of YtnP. In addition, YtnP significantly inhibited the expression of five virulence factors hem, ahyB, ast, ep, aerA of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 as well (p < 0.05). The results of inhibition on virulence showed a time-dependence tendency, while the strongest anti-virulence effects were within 4–24 h. In vivo, when the YtnP protein was co-injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, it attenuated the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila and the accumulated mortality was 27 ± 4.14% at 96 h, which was significantly lower than the average mortality of 78 ± 2.57% of the Carassius auratus injected with 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 only (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AHL lactonase in B. licheniformis T-1 was proven to be YtnP protein and could be developed into an agent against infection of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ostadhossein ◽  
Parikshit Moitra ◽  
Esra Altun ◽  
Debapriya Dutta ◽  
Dinabandhu Sar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Dental Plaques

AbstractDental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. These bacteria reside inside a protective sheath which makes any curative treatment challenging. We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. In vitro and ex vivo studies on the mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans revealed >90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. Importantly, 16S rRNA analysis of the dental microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial species did not substantially change with nanoparticle treatment. Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts, Hydrolates and Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants and Control of Cucumber Anthracnose

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amanda P. Mattos ◽  
Fabricio P. Povh ◽  
Bruna B. Rissato ◽  
Vítor V. Schwan ◽  
Kátia R. F. Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity effect of the crude aqueous extract (CAE), hydrolate (HY) and essential oil (EO) of Corymbia citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Curcuma longa against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria steviae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii, and assess, in situ, the effectiveness of CAE of medicinal plants in reducing the severity of the cucumber anthracnose. Methodology: The EOs and HYs were obtained by hydrodistillation. The CAEs were prepared by the turbolysis method. Mycelial growth of the fungi was measured daily, by the diametrically opposite method. In the in vivo test, the CAEs were sprayed on the cotyledon leaves of healthy cucumber plants with three days after were inoculated with C. lagenarium. The severity of assessment of the disease was based on a scale of notes. Results: The medicinal plants studied showed antifungal activity against all or almost all pathogens. In general, treatment with CAE and HY of C. longa revealed the highest inhibition against the fungi tested. With the exception of the EO of C. longa, the other EOs showed total inhibition against all the fungi and in all the concentrations tested. Compared to control, in in vivo assays CAE of C. citratus presents a potential for control of cucumber anthracnose reducing the severity of the disease. Conclusion: The medicinal plants studied produce compounds associated with antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and high antiproliferative activity of dehydroabietylamine pyridine derivatives in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (12) ◽  
pp. 2383-2399
Author(s):  
Fengyi Zhao ◽  
Wen Lu ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Pyridine Derivatives ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
A549 Lung ◽  
Mcf 7

Several bioactive dehydroabietylamine Schiff-bases (L1−L4), amides (L5−L11) and complex CuL3(NO3)2, Cu(L5)3, Co(L6)2Cl2 had been synthesized successfully for developing more efficient but lower toxic antiproliferative compounds. Their antiproliferative activities to Hela (cervix), HepG2 (liver), MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung) and HUVEC (umbilical vein, normal cell) were investigated in vitro. The toxicity of all compounds was less than dehydroabietylamine (L0). For HepG2 cells, L1, L2 and L3 had higher anti-HepG2 activity, especially L1 (0.52 µM) had highest anti-HepG2 activity but low toxicity. For MCF-7 cells, L1, L2, L3 and L4 had higher anti-MCF-7 activity, especially L3(0.49 µM) had highest anti-MCF-7 activity but low toxicity. For A549 cells, L2 and L3 had higher anti-A549 activity. Furthermore, L1 and L3 may be the great promise antiproliferative drugs with nontoxic side effects, due to the high anti-HepG2 and anti-MCF-7 inhibition rate in vivo, 65% and 61%, respectively. L1, L2 and L3 could induce apoptosis through intercalating into DNA.

scholarly journals A Bone-Targeting Enoxacin Delivery System to Eradicate Staphylococcus Aureus-Related Implantation Infections and Bone Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Yao ◽  
Meisong Zhu ◽  
Xiuguo Han ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Min Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant

Post-operative infections in orthopaedic implants are severe complications that require urgent solutions. Although conventional antibiotics limit bacterial biofilm formation, they ignore the bone loss caused by osteoclast formation during post-operative orthopaedic implant-related infections. Fortunately, enoxacin exerts both antibacterial and osteoclast inhibitory effects, playing a role in limiting infection and preventing bone loss. However, enoxacin lacks specificity in bone tissue and low bioavailability-related adverse effects, which hinders translational practice. Here, we developed a nanosystem (Eno@MSN-D) based on enoxacin (Eno)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), decorated with the eight repeating sequences of aspartate (D-Asp8), and coated with polyethylene glycol The release results suggested that Eno@MSN-D exhibits a high sensitivity to acidic environment. Moreover, this Eno@MSN-D delivery nanosystem exhibited both antibacterial and anti-osteoclast properties in vitro. The cytotoxicity assay revealed no cytotoxicity at the low concentration (20 μg/ml) and Eno@MSN-D inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Importantly, Eno@MSN-D allowed the targeted release of enoxacin in infected bone tissue. Bone morphometric analysis and histopathology assays demonstrated that Eno@MSN-D has antibacterial and antiosteoclastic effects in vivo, thereby preventing implant-related infections and bone loss. Overall, our study highlights the significance of novel biomaterials that offer new alternatives to treat and prevent orthopaedic Staphylococcus aureus-related implantation infections and bone loss.

scholarly journals Effects of titanium nanotubes on the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implant surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (1_Supple_A) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Su ◽  
D. F. Justin ◽  
C. R. Pratt ◽  
V. K. Sarin ◽  
V. S. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Initial Adhesion

The development and pre-clinical evaluation of nano-texturised, biomimetic, surfaces of titanium (Ti) implants treated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays is reviewed. In vitro and in vivo evaluations show that TiO2 nanotubes on Ti surfaces positively affect the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation, and anti-microbial properties. This surface treatment can be superimposed onto existing macro and micro porous Ti implants creating a surface texture that also interacts with cells at the nano level. Histology and mechanical pull-out testing of specimens in rabbits indicate that TiO2 nanotubes improves bone bonding nine-fold (p = 0.008). The rate of mineralisation associated with TiO2 nanotube surfaces is about three times that of non-treated Ti surfaces. In addition to improved osseointegration properties, TiO2 nanotubes reduce the initial adhesion and colonisation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Collectively, the properties of Ti implant surfaces enhanced with TiO2 nanotubes show great promise. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):9–16.

scholarly journals A Bone-Targeting Enoxacin Delivery System to Eradicate Staphylococcus Aureus-Related Implantation Infections and Bone Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Yao ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiuguo Han ◽  
Qianyuan Tao ◽  
Xuwen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Targeted Release

Abstract Post-operative infections in orthopaedic implants are severe complications that require urgent solutions. Although conventional antibiotics limit bacterial biofilms formation, they ignore the bone loss caused by osteoclast formation during post-operative orthopaedic implant-related infections. Fortunately, enoxacin exerts dual antibacterial and osteoclast inhibitory effects, playing a pivot in limiting infection and preventing bone loss. However, enoxacin lacks specificity in bone tissue and low bioavailability-relate side effects, which hinders translational practice. Herein, we developed a nanosystem (Eno@MSN-D) based on enoxacin (Eno)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), decorated with the eight repeating sequences of aspartate (D-Asp8), and coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). This Eno@MSN-D delivery nanosystem exhibited both antibacterial and anti-osteoclast properties in vitro. More importantly, Eno@MSN-D allowed the targeted release of enoxacin in infected bone tissues and prevented implant-related infection and bone loss in vivo. Therefore, our work highlights the significance of novel biomaterials that offer new alternatives to treat and prevent orthopaedic staphylococcus aureus-related implantation infections and bone loss.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Albendazole Chitosan Microspheres with Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy in the treatment of spinal echinococcosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibo Wang ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Weishan Wang ◽  
Yi Dai ◽  
Zhongpeng Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Chitosan Microspheres ◽  
Intensity Modulated

Currently, there is a lack of clinically safe and effective treatment for spinal cystic echinococcosis (CE). Recent studies have shown that albendazole chitosan microspheres (ABZ-CS-MPS) and irradiation have certain anti-abdominal echinococcosis ability, so this study aims to compare the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of ABZ-CS-MPs, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and the combination therapy on spinal echinococcosis. Firstly, protoscolices were processed by different treatments to evaluate their respective anti-echinococcosis effect by monitoring the viability change of protoscoleces. Then, the apoptotic status of protoscoleces was evaluated by detecting the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of apoptosis proteins and the ultrastructural alterations of protoscoleces. After that, we constructed a gerbil model of spinal CE and further applied B-ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging technology to assess the size of hydatid in vivo. Finally, the cysts were obtained and weighed to compare the inhibition rate in different groups. The combined therapy increased protoscoleces mortality to over 90% after 18 days, which showed the highest scolicidal effect. Moreover, confocal imaging, expression of apoptotic proteins and ultrastructural changes of protoscoleces showed the highest apoptotic rate in this group. In vivo, the combination treatment also exhibited the highest cyst inhibition rate (61.4%). In conclusion, our results showed that ABZ-CS-MPs combined with IMRT could be a new treatment option for spinal CE. We also provided a method to evaluate the growth and metastasis of hydatid in animals with B-ultrasound and MRI imaging technologies.

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