scholarly journals Effects of the German Renewable Energy Act and Environmental, Social and Economic Factors: Biogas Plants Adoption and Agricultural Landscape Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Yang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Daniela Thrän ◽  
Alberto Bezama ◽  
Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The German energy transition strategy calls for reform of the German energy sector. Against this background, the Germany Renewable Energy Sources Act, or EEG, was issued in 2000 and is widely regarded as a successful legislation for promoting bioenergy development, as more than 9000 biogas plants were built in Germany until 2017. However, the impact from different EEG periods on regional biogas plants’ development and the long-term influence to regional landscape change are rarely simultaneously studied. Methods: This study aimed to quantitatively analyse the impact of the EEG on promotion the biogas plant development in central Germany (CG) by using the event study econometric technique. A GIS-based spatial analysis was further conducted to provide insight into the changes of the agricultural landscape, which was resulted from the development of biogas plants during the EEG from 2000 to 2014. Results: One of the main findings was that the EEGs had time-varying effects on motivating biogas plants construction and selecting the plants size. The comparison between different EEG emendations suggested that the EEG 2009 was the most successful one in market implementation. Besides, the adoption of the biogas plant in CG was mainly driven by the farmer’s financial incentive and taken as an investment to secure the farming business. At the landscape scale, the expansion of silage maize was remarkable in CG from 2000 to 2014. The silage maize was intensively cultivated in the regions with high biogas plant installed capacity. Since EEG 2009, the regional livestock number increased rapidly, which was also associated with increasing pasture land area in CG. This phenomenon suggested a promising regional animal farming and its potential of manure as biogas feedstock. Conclusions: These findings imply that the policy makers should take the EEG 2009 emendation as reference to promote the marketing of future new renewable energy technologies and cautions should be paid on the potential land conflicts of agricultural-based bioenergy development.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS ENERGY IN UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Z. U. SAIPOV ◽  
◽  
G. A. ARIFDZHANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Energy is one of the main pillars of the state’s economy, which is currently facing serious problems due to depletion of mineral energy resources and the threatening environment. As a result, presently around the world there is a rapid growth and development of energy-efficient technologies and the use of renewable energy sources (RES), providing an increase in energy resources, as well as environmental and social effects. One of the most relevant and promising areas of renewable energy development is the disposal and processing of organic waste in biogas plants, and this is particularly relevant in agricultural regions. In this regard, this paper considers the state and prospects for the development of bioenergy in agricultural regions of Uzbekistan, where half of the population of the republic lives. The potential of organic waste from livestock and poultry farming of the agricultural sector was determined, and it was revealed that the use of biogas plants for the disposal of manure and litter is clearly a profitable production and requires close attention from rural producers. The introduction of biogas technologies for the bulk of agricultural producers is an urgent task, that will ensure not only a solution to the waste problem, but it will also provide a solution to energy, agricultural, environmental and social problems in rural regions of the republic.

Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Sergey BESPALYY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.

scholarly journals Wind Data Analysis and Wind Flow Simulation Over Large Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Ivan Antonov ◽  
Rositsa Velichkova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing the share of renewable energy sources is one of the core policies of the European Union. This is because of the fact that this energy is essential in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and securing energy supplies. Currently, the share of wind energy from all renewable energy sources is relatively low. The choice of location for a certain wind farm installation strongly depends on the wind potential. Therefore the accurate assessment of wind potential is extremely important. In the present paper an analysis is made on the impact of significant possible parameters on the determination of wind energy potential for relatively large areas. In the analysis the type of measurements (short- and long-term on-site measurements), the type of instrumentation and the terrain roughness factor are considered. The study on the impact of turbulence on the wind flow distribution over complex terrain is presented, and it is based on the real on-site data collected by the meteorological tall towers installed in the northern part of Bulgaria. By means of CFD based software a wind map is developed for relatively large areas. Different turbulent models in numerical calculations were tested and recommendations for the usage of the specific models in flows modeling over complex terrains are presented. The role of each parameter in wind map development is made. Different approaches for determination of wind energy potential based on the preliminary developed wind map are presented.

scholarly journals The Financing of Renewable Energy Sources and the Level of Sustainable Development of Poland’s Provinces in the Area of Environmental Order

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5591
Author(s):  
Piotr Siemiątkowski ◽  
Patryk Tomaszewski ◽  
Joanna Marszałek-Kawa ◽  
Janusz Gierszewski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
The Impact

The overall purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of financing renewable energy sources on the assessment of sustainable development in Poland’s provinces. There are also two detailed objectives: (1) define how Polish policies are being passed on to local authorities; (2) realize a Poland’s provinces ranking, taking into account the indicators of sustainable development, thanks to the taxonomic measure of development in the area of environmental order. This study deals with the taxonomic assessment of local sustainable development in the local administration units of Poland. To this end, the methods of linear ordering were applied for the assessment of the level of objects differentiation with the use of a closed set of statistical features. The presented analysis proved that the taxonomic distances between synthetic measures for particular provinces are considerable. The highest values of the integrated measure in 2018 were obtained by the following provinces: Podlaskie, Subcarpathian and Lubusz. It is noteworthy to point to the big changes in the ranking between 2018 and 2016. The cluster analysis showed some progress in achieving the goals of sustainable development. The group of provinces with an average level of sustainable development in 2018 included six provinces compared to two provinces in 2016. Removing one indicator from the integrated measure (the financing of renewable energy sources (RES)) led to a moderate increase in the integrated measure across all the provinces. This implies that, on average, the financing of renewable energy sources exerts increasingly smaller impacts on the level of sustainable development in Poland.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment of a Holistic and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Biogas Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5374
Author(s):  
Robert Bedoić ◽  
Goran Smoljanić ◽  
Tomislav Pukšec ◽  
Lidija Čuček ◽  
Davor Ljubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Impact

Crop-based biogas energy production, in combination with electricity generation under subsidy schemes, is no longer considered a favourable business model for biogas plants. Switching to low-cost or gate fee feedstocks and utilising biogas via alternative pathways could contribute to making existing plants fit for future operations and could open up new space for further expansion of the biogas sector. The aim of this study was to combine a holistic and interdisciplinary approach for both the biogas production side and the utilisation side to evaluate the impact of integrating the biogas sector with waste management systems and energy systems operating with a high share of renewable energy sources. The geospatial availability of residue materials from agriculture, industry and municipalities was assessed using QGIS software for the case of Northern Croatia with the goal of replacing maize silage in the operation of existing biogas plants. Furthermore, the analysis included positioning new biogas plants, which would produce renewable gas. The overall approach was evaluated through life cycle assessment using SimaPro software to quantify the environmental benefits and identify the bottlenecks of the implemented actions. The results showed that the given feedstocks could replace 212 GWh of biogas from maize silage in the relevant region and create an additional 191 GWh of biomethane in new plants. The LCA revealed that the proposed measures would contribute to the decarbonisation of natural gas by creating environmental benefits that are 36 times greater compared to a business-as-usual concept. The presented approach could be of interest to stakeholders in the biogas sector anywhere in the world to encourage further integration of biogas technologies into energy and environmental transitions.

scholarly journals THE PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC ENERGY SECURITY BY ORIENTATION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Tetyana DERKACH ◽  
Denys CHEBANENKO
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The topic of renewable energy today is one of the most relevant and requires consideration from the point of view of all components of this process, namely economic, financial, environmental, technological, and others. The transition to renewable energy is already irreversible today since natural resources are depleted, fuel prices are the subject to significant fluctuations, and the stable growth of the national economy is ensured by energy security. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the volume of global energy consumption, to analyze the impact of the introduction of renewable energy sources on the development of the national economy, to ensure energy security with the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and a slight diversification of their suppliers. Results. Today the Ukrainian economy is the most energy-intensive. Unstable energy prices are a threat both to the global economy and to each country separately. Therefore, in the event of a decrease in the supply of traditional energy resources, the importing countries experience the greatest difficulties. The existing tendency in Ukraine to increase the consumption of traditional energy sources, combined with the absence of a targeted policy aimed at reducing the volume of environmental pollution, will lead to an increase in negative economic consequences. The advantage of renewable energy sources is their equal distribution throughout the country (with the exception of water resources). This feature leads to the formation of one of the main characteristics of power systems based on renewable energy sources, namely, their decentralization. It should be borne in mind that the world energy market is made up of state and non-state participants. Non-state participants are showing an upward trend. However, the state should have the greatest influence on the national energy sector. Renewable energy is an area that, in the Ukrainian context, depends on state support, namely economic and administrative incentives. The dynamics of the development of renewable energy should be combined with the balanced development of the fuel and energy sector in Ukraine. Conclusions. The process of development and transition to renewable energy needs a systematic approach. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are needed to assess the transition to renewable energy. An effective strategy for the transition to the introduction of renewable energy technologies should be justified by economic feasibility. The transition from traditional energy to renewable sources should lead to energy security, which contributes to stable economic growth, political independence, and improving the quality of the environmental component.

scholarly journals The Impact of Temporal Complexity Reduction on a 100% Renewable European Energy System with Hydrogen Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Gulcin Caglayan ◽  
Heidi Ursula Heinrichs ◽  
Detlef Stolten ◽  
Martin Robinius
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hydrogen Infrastructure ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The transition towards a renewable energy system is essential in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The increase in the share of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), which mainly comprise wind and solar energy, necessitates storage technologies by which the intermittency of VRES can be compensated for. Although hydrogen has been envisioned to play a significant role as a promising alternative energy carrier in a future European VRES-based energy concept, the optimal design of this system remains uncertain. In this analysis, a hydrogen infrastructure is posited that would meet the electricity and hydrogen demand for a 100% renewable energy-based European energy system in the context of 2050. The overall system design is optimized by minimizing the total annual cost. Onshore and offshore wind energy, open-field photovoltaics (PV), rooftop PV and hydro energy, as well as biomass, are the technologies employed for electricity generation. The electricity generated is then either transmitted through the electrical grid or converted into hydrogen by means of electrolyzers and then distributed through hydrogen pipelines. Battery, hydrogen vessels and salt caverns are considered as potential storage technologies. In the case of a lull, stored hydrogen can be re-electrified to generate electricity to meet demand during that time period. For each location, eligible technologies are introduced, as well as their maximum capacity and hourly demand profiles, in order to build the optimization model. In addition, a generation time series for VRES has been exogenously derived for the model. The generation profiles of wind energy have been investigated in detail by considering future turbine designs with high spatial resolution. In terms of salt cavern storage, the technical potential for hydrogen storage is defined in the system as the maximum allowable capacity per region. Whether or not a technology is installed in a region, the hourly operation of these technologies, as well as the cost of each technology, are obtained within the optimization results. It is revealed that a 100 percent renewable energy system is feasible and would meet both electricity demand and hydrogen demand in Europe.

scholarly journals Indices to Assess the Integration of Renewable Energy Resources on Transmission Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Nikolaidis ◽  
Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt ◽  
C. A. Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The continuous increase on the penetration levels of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in power systems has led to radical changes on the design, operation, and control of the electrical network. This paper investigates the influence of these changes on the operation of a transmission network by developing a set of indices, spanning from power losses to GHG emissions reduction. These indices are attempting to quantify any impacts therefore providing a tool for assessing the RES penetration in transmission networks, mainly for isolated systems. These individual indices are assigned an analogous weight and are mingled to provide a single multiobjective index that performs a final evaluation. These indices are used to evaluate the impact of the integration of RES into the classic WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus transmission network.

scholarly journals Transient Impact Analysis of High Renewable Energy Sources Penetration According to the Future Korean Power Grid Scenario

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungchan Oh ◽  
Heewon Shin ◽  
Hwanhee Cho ◽  
Byongjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Impact

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions constitute a worldwide trend. According to this trend, there are many plans in place for the replacement of conventional electric power plants operating using fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RESs). Owing to current needs to expand the RES penetration in accordance to a new National power system plan, the importance of RESs is increasing. The RES penetration imposes various impacts on the power system, including transient stability. Furthermore, the fact that they are distributed at multiple locations in the power system is also a factor which makes the transient impact analysis of RESs difficult. In this study, the transient impacts attributed to the penetration of RESs are analyzed and compared with the conventional Korean electric power system. To confirm the impact of the penetration of RESs on transient stability, the effect was analyzed based on a single machine equivalent (SIME) configuration. Simulations were conducted in accordance to the Korean power system by considering the anticipated RES penetration in 2030. The impact of RES on transient stability was provided by a change in CCT by increasing of the RES penetration.

scholarly journals Replacing Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power with Renewable Energy: Utopia or Valid Option? A Swiss Case Study of Bioenergy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Lemm ◽  
Raphael Haymoz ◽  
Astrid Björnsen Gurung ◽  
Vanessa Burg ◽  
Tom Strebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Swiss Canton ◽  
Future System ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The transition towards a reliable, sustainable, low-carbon energy system is a major challenge of the 21st century. Due to the lower energy density of many renewable energy sources, a future system is expected to be more decentralized, leading to significant changes at the regional scale. This study analyzes the feasibility of the energy transition in the Swiss canton of Aargau as an illustrative example and explores different strategies to satisfy the local demand for electricity, heat, and fuel by 2035. In particular, we assess the potential contribution of biomass. Four scenarios demonstrate what energy demand proportion could be covered by bioenergy if different priorities were given to the provision of heat, electricity, and fuel. The impact of improved conversion technologies is also considered. The results show that the sustainably available renewable energy sources in canton Aargau will probably not be sufficient to cover its forecasted energy demand in 2035, neither with present nor future biomass conversion technologies. At best, 74% of the energy demand could be met by renewables. Biomass can increase the degree of autarky by a maximum of 13%. Depending on the scenario, at least 26–43% (2500–5700 GWh) of total energy demand is lacking, particularly for mobility purposes.

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