scholarly journals Causes of Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A SEER-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peri Harish Kumar ◽  
Sai Sharan Dwarka ◽  
Talal Zahid ◽  
Habib Ur Rehman ◽  
Tajbinder Singh Bains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Abstract Objective: To identify cancer and non-cancer causes of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients over different time periods after diagnosis and to compare the mortality risk of each cause in HCC patients with the general population.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data of 67,637 HCC patients from 1975 to 2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We investigated the association between different causes of death and the following variables: age, race, tumor stage at diagnosis, and treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy); each according to the periods of < 1 year, 1–5 years, 5–10 years, and > 10 years following the diagnosis. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for cancer and non-cancer deaths in each of the mentioned periods following diagnosis.Results: Data of 67,637 patients, of whom 50,571 patients died during the follow-up period, were analyzed. Most deaths were due to HCC itself (35,535, 70.3%), followed by other cancers (3,983, 7.9%). Common causes of non-cancer mortality included infectious and parasitic diseases including HIV (2,823 patients, SMR = 105.68, 95% CI: 101.82-109.65), chronic liver disease (2,719 patients, SMR = 76.56, 95% CI: 73.71,79.5), and heart diseases (1,265 patients, SMR = 2.26, 95% CI: 2.14–2.39), with higher mortality risk in HCC patients than in the general population.Conclusion: Cancers stand for most deaths in patients with HCC. Besides, infectious, and parasitic diseases including HIV represent the commonest non-cancer cause of mortality.

scholarly journals Causes of death among crack cocaine users

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
John Dunn ◽  
Ricardo Sesso ◽  
Andréa Costa Dias ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cocaine Users

OBJECTIVE: The study accompanied 131 crack-cocaine users over a 5-year period, and examined mortality patterns, as well as the causes of death among them. METHOD: All patients admitted to a detoxification unit in Sao Paulo between 1992 and 1994 were interviewed during two follow-up periods: 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. RESULTS: After 5 years, 124 patients were localized (95%). By the study endpoint (1999), 23 patients (17.6%) had died. Homicide was the most prevalent cause of death (n = 13). Almost one third of the deaths were due to the HIV infection, especially among those with a history of intravenous drug use. Less than 10% died from overdose. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the mortality risk among crack cocaine users is greater than that seen in the general population, being homicide and AIDS the most common causes of death among such individuals.

Causes of death among patients with multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Sumelahti ◽  
Matti Hakama ◽  
Irina Elovaara ◽  
Eero Pukkala
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
High Mortality Risk ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background: Several studies show a high mortality risk among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: In this study, mortality and underlying causes of death were analysed among patients with MS diagnosed between 1964—1993 in Finland ( n = 1595). Methods: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for both genders. The follow-up was based on linkage to the national computerized Cause-of-Death Register of Statistics Finland. Results: Altogether, 464 deaths were recorded by the end of 2006. The SMR as compared with the general population among females was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 3.0—3.9) and among males 2.2 (1.9—2.6). In total, 270 patients (58%) died from MS; only one of these deaths occurred during the first 2 years after the MS diagnosis. Mortality was also increased for other natural causes of death ( n = 160) in patients followed for more than 10 years (SMR 1.4, 1.2—1.7), with a significant increase in deaths from influenza (29, 6.0—85), pneumonia (4.7, 2.5—8.0) and gastrointestinal causes (4.4, 2.3—7.7). The SMR for violent causes was 1.2 (0.7—1.9) and for alcohol-related deaths 0.2 (0.02—0.7). The SMR for suicides was 1.7 (0.9—2.7). Conclusions: The MS population has an increased disease mortality, while the increase in the risk of accidents and suicides is not significantly increased among patients with MS in Finland.

scholarly journals Cause of Death After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: SWEDEHEART Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Glaser ◽  
Michael Persson ◽  
Anders Franco‐Cereceda ◽  
Ulrik Sartipy
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background Prior studies showed that life expectancy in patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) was lower than in the general population. Explanations for this shorter life expectancy are unknown. The aim of this nationwide, observational cohort study was to investigate the cause‐specific death following surgical AVR. Methods and Results We included 33 018 patients who underwent primary surgical AVR in Sweden between 1997 and 2018, with or without coronary artery bypass grafting. The SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web‐System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) register and other national health‐data registers were used to obtain and characterize the study cohort and to identify causes of death, categorized as cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, or other causes of death. The relative risks for cause‐specific mortality in patients who underwent AVR compared with the general population are presented as standardized mortality ratios. During a mean follow‐up period of 7.3 years (maximum 22.0 years), 14 237 (43%) patients died. The cumulative incidence of death from cardiovascular, cancer‐related, or other causes was 23.5%, 8.3%, and 11.6%, respectively, at 10 years, and 42.8%, 12.8%, and 23.8%, respectively, at 20 years. Standardized mortality ratios for cardiovascular, cancer‐related, and other causes of death were 1.79 (95% CI, 1.75–1.83), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97–1.04), and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05–1.12), respectively. Conclusions We found that life expectancy following AVR was lower than in the general population. Lower survival after AVR was explained by an increased relative risk of cardiovascular death. Future studies should focus on the role of earlier surgery in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and on optimizing treatment and follow‐up after AVR. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02276950.

scholarly journals All-cause and cause-specific mortality in ANCA-associated vasculitis: overall and according to ANCA type

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary S Wallace ◽  
Xiaoqing Fu ◽  
Tyler Harkness ◽  
John H Stone ◽  
Yuqing  Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate causes of death in a contemporary inception cohort of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients, stratifying the analysis according to ANCA type. Methods We identified a consecutive inception cohort of patients newly diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis from 2002 to 2017 in the Partners HealthCare System and determined vital status through the National Death Index. We determined cumulative mortality incidence and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared with the general population. We compared MPO- and PR3-ANCA+ cases using Cox regression models. Results The cohort included 484 patients with a mean diagnosis age of 58 years; 40% were male, 65% were MPO-ANCA+, and 65% had renal involvement. During 3385 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 130 patients died, yielding a mortality rate of 38.4/1000 PY and a SMR of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9, 2.8). The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease (CVD; cumulative incidence 7.1%), malignancy (5.9%) and infection (4.1%). The SMR for infection was greatest for both MPO- and PR3-ANCA+ patients (16.4 and 6.5). MPO-ANCA+ patients had an elevated SMR for CVD (3.0), respiratory disease (2.4) and renal disease (4.5). PR3- and MPO-ANCA+ patients had an elevated SMR for malignancy (3.7 and 2.7). Compared with PR3-ANCA+ patients, MPO-ANCA+ patients had a higher risk of CVD death [hazard ratio 5.0 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2]; P = 0.03]. Conclusion Premature ANCA-associated vasculitis mortality is explained by CVD, infection, malignancy, and renal death. CVD is the most common cause of death, but the largest excess mortality risk in PR3- and MPO-ANCA+ patients is associated with infection. MPO-ANCA+ patients are at higher risk of CVD death than PR3-ANCA+ patients.

scholarly journals Causes of Death after a Hospitalization with AKI

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Silver ◽  
Ziv Harel ◽  
Eric McArthur ◽  
Danielle M. Nash ◽  
Rey Acedillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Mortality after AKI is high, but the causes of death are not well described. To better understand causes of death in patients after a hospitalization with AKI and to determine patient and hospital factors associated with mortality, we conducted a population-based study of residents in Ontario, Canada, who survived a hospitalization with AKI from 2003 to 2013. Using linked administrative databases, we categorized cause of death in the year after hospital discharge as cardiovascular, cancer, infection-related, or other. We calculated standardized mortality ratios to compare the causes of death in survivors of AKI with those in the general adult population and used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate determinants of death. Of the 156,690 patients included, 43,422 (28%) died in the subsequent year. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease (28%) and cancer (28%), with respective standardized mortality ratios nearly six-fold (5.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.70 to 5.92) and eight-fold (7.87; 95% CI, 7.72 to 8.02) higher than those in the general population. The highest standardized mortality ratios were for bladder cancer (18.24; 95% CI, 17.10 to 19.41), gynecologic cancer (16.83; 95% CI, 15.63 to 18.07), and leukemia (14.99; 95% CI, 14.16 to 15.85). Along with older age and nursing home residence, cancer and chemotherapy strongly associated with 1-year mortality. In conclusion, cancer-related death was as common as cardiovascular death in these patients; moreover, cancer-related deaths occurred at substantially higher rates than in the general population. Strategies are needed to care for and counsel patients with cancer who experience AKI.

scholarly journals Mortality and Causes of Death in Inherited Antithrombin Deficiency

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
H H van Boven ◽  
J P Vandenbroucke ◽  
R G J Westendorp ◽  
F R Rosendaal
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Antithrombin Deficiency ◽  
Fatal Bleeding ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Population Figure ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Anticoagulant Prophylaxis ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

SummaryTo assess the contribution of inherited antithrombin deficiency to mortality, we investigated the causes of death in 14 families with inherited antithrombin deficiency. Between 1830 and 1994, 86 of 266 family members who had a probability of 0.5 or more for heterozygosity died. The causes of death were obtained for 58 of 66 deaths occurring between 1940 and 1994. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using mortality rates from the general population adjusted for age, sex and calendar period.The overall SMR was 0.90 from 1830 to 1994 (95% C.1.0.72-1.11). From 1940 until 1994 44 men and 22 women died (SMR = 1.09, 95% C.I. 0.84-1.39; SMR men = 1.20, 95% C.I. 0.87-1.61; SMR women = 0.92,95% C.I. 0.58-1.39). No excess mortality compared to the general population was found for cancer (14 deaths) or circulatory diseases (28 deaths). A slightly increased mortality caused by respiratory diseases (7 deaths, SMR = 1.68,95% C.I. 0.68-3.47) seemed due to pneumonia (4 deaths, SMR = 2.86, 95% C.I. 0.78-7.32). Venous thromboembolic complications were listed once in association with a risk situation, and one other death could be attributed to fatal pulmonary embolism. Cerebral hemorrhages were listed three times. It could not be verified whether these hemorrhages were related to anticoagulant therapy; the frequency was slightly higher than the expected population figure (SMR = 1.49,95% C.I. 0.31-4.36). The mean age of death for all causes was 64 years; the two fatal thromboembolic episodes occurred at age 20 and 30 years.The data show that antithrombin deficiency is associated with a normal survival and a low risk of fatal thromboembolic events. The use of long-term anticoagulant treatment in asymptomatic individuals should be considered carefully in view of the greater risk of fatal bleeding associated with long-term anticoagulant prophylaxis.

Competing causes of death in patients with neuroendocrine tumor.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23009-e23009
Author(s):  
Soon Khai Low ◽  
Bao Long Hoang Trong ◽  
Nourelhoda Sami Bahaie ◽  
Dimitrios Giannis ◽  
Gehad Mohamed Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
Competing Causes ◽  
Using Data

e23009 Background: Increasing survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) may be associated with higher risk of mortality due to causes other than the primary NET, namely the competing causes of death (CCD). Therefore, our study focused on comprehensively investigating the magnitude of the CCD on the overall NET mortality and the associated demographic, clinicopathologic and treatment factors using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed primary NET diagnosed from 1973 through 2015 were identified using the SEER-9 registries for subsequent data collection and analysis. CCD were stratified and analyzed using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) as measures of the relative risks of mortality for NET patients in comparison to the general population in the US adjusted by age, sex and race over the same time period. Competing risk regression analysis was performed using Fine and Gray multivariate regression model. Results: A total of 29,981 NET patients were included, 5481 (42.5%) of which deceased due to CCD. Overall SMR attributed to CCD was 2.50 [95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.43–2.56]. The SMR of non-cancer CCD was 2.65 (95% CI:2.58–2.73) and that of SPN was 1.91 (95% CI:1.79–2.04). Heart diseases and other cardiovascular diseases accounted for approximately half of all non-cancer CCD. SPN mortality accounted for 16.1% of CCD, with lung and bronchus cancer being the most prevalent. Stratification by the year of diagnosis revealed a drastic rise in CCD was observed in the last decade between 2005 and 2015, during which the SMR peaked. Advanced age, black race, small intestinal and gastric NETs, and cancer-directed surgery were significantly associated with an increased risk of CCD (p<0.001). Interestingly, female sex, pancreatic NETs, recto-anal NETs, NETs of unknown primary site, race other than white and black, distant and regional spread, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were significantly associated with a decrease in the incidence of CCD. Conclusions: CCD play an increasingly significant role in NET mortality in recent years, especially for those with higher risk of CCD. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association of NETs with these CCD.

Regression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spontaneous or Herbal Medicine Related?

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon Mei Cheng ◽  
Ming Che Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Common Causes

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of death from cancer in Taiwan. Treatments for this disease include surgical resection, transcatheter arterial embolization, chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy. Without treatment, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor, and mortality continues to be significant even in patients with small tumors detected during follow-up. For patients in Taiwan with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, traditional herbal medicine is frequently used. However, neither the overall prevalence of this therapy nor its efficacy has been studied systematically. Spontaneous regression of cancer, although rare, may occur, but the mechanism leading to regression is still far from understood. Here, we report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma with complete regression after taking herbal medicine. We cannot be certain how significant the herbal preparation was in the regression of the hepatocellular carcinoma, but the regression of the tumor provides us a reason and hope for further research.

scholarly journals Pediatric Burn Outcome; Diagnostic Value of R-Baux and P-Baux Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavous Shahsavari Nia ◽  
Alireza Razzaghi ◽  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Hassan Soleimanpour ◽  
Ayda Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Northwest Of Iran

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of R-Baux and P-Baux indexes in predicting the pediatric burn outcome. Using prospective cross-sectional method, 213 children under 12 years old admitted with burn in burn referral hospital in Northwest of Iran were included in the study. Data were collected using goal-driven questionnaire including patients' demographics and burn clinical data and outcome. Results: About 59.6% of participants were male. The most common causes of burns was burning with boiling water (127; 69%). For outcome of death, the AUC for the scores of P.Baux and R.Baux were same with 0.959. The AUC for death were 982% and 992% for P.Baux and R.Baux respectively. Also, for the outcome of admission to ICU the AUC were same with 959%. A significant relation between R-Baux and P-Baux scores with patients need for intubation was determined based on logistic regression (p=0.01). Conclusions: The R-Baux and P-Baux scores were related to the probability of intubation, ICU admission and mortality. Using these scores not only predicts mortality risk, but also provide the opportunity for health providers to prioritize patients and provide proper facilities and services to prevent child mortality due to burn.

scholarly journals Causes of Death After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Feng ◽  
Huimin Jin ◽  
Kaibo Guo ◽  
Harpreet S. Wasan ◽  
Shanming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background: Non-cancer causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have not received much attention until now. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the non-cancer causes of death in patients with CRC at different periods of latency.Methods: Eligible patients with CRC were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the SEER*Stat software 8.3.8.Results: A total of 475,771 patients with CRC were included, of whom 230,841 patients died during the follow-up period. Within 5 years, CRC was the leading cause of death. Over time, non-cancer causes of death account for an increasing proportion. When followed up for more than 10 years, non-cancer deaths accounted for 71.9% of all deaths worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common causes of non-cancer deaths, accounting for 15.4% of the total mortality. Patients had a significantly higher risk of death from septicemia within the first year after diagnosis compared with the general population (SMR, 3.39; 95% CI, 3.11–3.69). Within 5–10 years after CRC diagnosis, patients had a significantly higher risk of death from diabetes mellitus (SMR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19–1.36). During the course of more than 10 years, patients with CRC had a significantly higher risk of death from atherosclerosis (SMR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11–1.9).Conclusions: Although CRC has always been the leading cause of death in patients with CRC, non-cancer causes of death should not be ignored. For patients with cancer, we should not only focus on anti-tumor therapies but also pay attention to the occurrence of other risks to prevent and manage them in advance.

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