scholarly journals Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honorato Ortiz-Marrón ◽  
Maira Alejandra Ortiz-Pinto ◽  
José Galo Martínez-Mosquera ◽  
Marien Lorente Miñarro ◽  
Francisca Menchero Pinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Generalized Estimation Equation ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background A relationship between obesity early life has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in general (GO) and abdominal (AO) obesity between 4 and 9 years of age. Methods Children who participated in all three follow-ups at 4, 6 and 9 years participating in ELOIN study (N = 1902). Measurements of BMI and waist circumference were taken by physical examination. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence by generalized estimation equation models, and the relative risks (RRs) of obesity by Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of GO was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, yielding a PR between 9 − 4 years of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.58–3.60). The prevalence of AO was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5%, and the PR (9 vs 4y) was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.85–2.48). GO and AO presented an inverse correlation with family affluence. Among participants who were in GO or AO at 4 years, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in obesity after 5 years. The RRs of GO and AO at 9 years were 4.6 and 4.1 if they were obese at 4 years (p < 0.001), which increased to 9.4 and 9.5 in children obese at 6 years (p < 0.001), and those with obesity at both 4–6 years had RRs of 10.3 and 9.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions GO and AO begin at early age, persist with age and linked with low socioeconomic status. Obesity at 9 years is associated with early obesity, either stably or intermittently, so preventive interventions should be established very early.

scholarly journals Early-Life Adversities and Recalcitrant Smoking in Midlife: An Examination of Gender and Life-Course Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-879
Author(s):  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Lexi Harari ◽  
Soojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Little is known about life-course factors that explain why some individuals continue smoking despite having smoking-related diseases. Purpose We examined (a) the extent to which early-life adversities are associated with the risk of recalcitrant smoking, (b) psychosocial factors that mediate the association, and (c) gender differences in the associations. Methods Data were from 4,932 respondents (53% women) who participated in the first and follow-up waves of the Midlife Development in the U.S. National Survey. Early-life adversities include low socioeconomic status (SES), abuse, and family instability. Potential mediators include education, financial strain, purpose in life, mood disorder, family problems/support, and marital status. We used sequential logistic regression models to estimate the effect of early-life adversities on the risk of each of the three stages on the path to recalcitrant smoking (ever-smoking, smoking-related illness, and recalcitrant smoking). Results For women, low SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 1.06–1.55) and family instability (OR = 1.73; 1.14–2.62) are associated with an elevated risk of recalcitrant smoking. Education significantly reduces the effect of childhood SES, yet the effect of family instability remains significant even after accounting for life-course mediators. For men, the effect of low SES on recalcitrant smoking is robust (OR = 1.48; 1.10–2.00) even after controlling for potential mediators. There are noteworthy life-course factors that independently affect recalcitrant smoking: for both genders, not living with a partner; for women, education; and for men, family problems. Conclusions The findings can help shape intervention programs that address the underlying factors of recalcitrant smoking.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gender and Family Wealth on Sexual Abuse of Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyglo Runarsdottir ◽  
Edward Smith ◽  
Arsaell Arnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
10Th Grade

Background: Sexual abuse and sexual assaults against adolescents are among the most significant threats to their health and well-being. Some studies have found poverty to be a risk factor for sexual abuse. The present study investigates the effects of gender and family affluence on the prevalence of sexual abuse of 15-year-old Icelanders in the 10th grade. Methods: The study is based on data collected for the Icelandic part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2014. Standardized questionnaires were sent to all students in the 10th grade in Iceland, of which 3618 participated (85% of all registered students in this grade). Results: Girls were more than twice as likely to be sexually abused as boys (20.2% versus 9.1%). Adolescents perceiving their families to be less well off than others were twice as likely to report sexual abuse as those of ample or medium family affluence. However, family affluence had more effect on the prevalence of abuse in girls than in boys. Conclusion: Female gender and low socioeconomic status may independently contribute to the risk of sexual abuse.

scholarly journals PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION, ANGER CONTROL, AND INFLAMMATION IN MIDLIFE: THE ROLE OF EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S826-S826
Author(s):  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Jennifer Coons ◽  
Lexi Harari
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
Anger Control ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Biological Health

Abstract Early life adversity has severe consequences for adult biological health particularly in minority group individuals. Two ways in which it may be possible to reduce these negative consequences on adult health are individual differences in perceived discrimination due to early life adversities and learning internal skills (i.e. anger control) to help cope with early life adversities and perceived discrimination. The current study utilized 2,118 participants (55% female) from the MIDUS Projects. Early life adversities included three constructs: low socioeconomic status, family instability, and abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional). The best-fitting model from the latent class analyses revealed four distinct groups: 1) no early life adversities group, 2) low socioeconomic status only group, 3) low socioeconomic status and family instability group, and 4) all three early life adversities group. Minority groups were more likely to reside in the all three early life adversities group. Perceived discrimination was measured via two pathways: lifetime discrimination and daily discrimination. Anger control (one measure of an internal skill one learns to cope with early life adversities and perceived discrimination) was assessed with an anger-control scale. Inflammation markers were used as an indicator of biological health. Experiencing more early life adversities was related to greater inflammation and this relationship was partially explained via the pathway of greater early life adversities, greater perceived lifetime/daily discrimination, worse anger control, and greater inflammation. The findings support the need for a more holistic measure of early life adversities as it has a clear impact on adult inflammation.

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

The Perspective of Older Men With Depression on Suicide and Its Prevention in Primary Care

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Vannoy ◽  
Mijung Park ◽  
Meredith R. Maroney ◽  
Jürgen Unützer ◽  
Ester Carolina Apesoa-Varano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Suicide rates in older men are higher than in the general population, yet their utilization of mental health services is lower. Aims: This study aimed to describe: (a) what primary care providers (PCPs) can do to prevent late-life suicide, and (b) older men's attitudes toward discussing suicide with a PCP. Method: Thematic analysis of interviews focused on depression and suicide with 77 depressed, low-socioeconomic status, older men of Mexican origin, or US-born non-Hispanic whites recruited from primary care. Results: Several themes inhibiting suicide emerged: it is a problematic solution, due to religious prohibition, conflicts with self-image, the impact on others; and, lack of means/capacity. Three approaches to preventing suicide emerged: talking with them about depression, talking about the impact of their suicide on others, and encouraging them to be active. The vast majority, 98%, were open to such conversations. An unexpected theme spontaneously arose: "What prevents men from acting on suicidal thoughts?" Conclusion: Suicide is rarely discussed in primary care encounters in the context of depression treatment. Our study suggests that older men are likely to be open to discussing suicide with their PCP. We have identified several pragmatic approaches to assist clinicians in reducing older men's distress and preventing suicide.

Audio Stories as Incidental Language Teachers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Ritterfeld ◽  
Timo Lüke
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Grammatical Skills ◽  
Entertainment Value

Abstract. Audio stories offer a unique blend of narrative entertainment with language learning opportunities as a user’s enjoyment is dependent on their processing of the linguistic content. A total of 138 third- and fourth-graders from low socioeconomic status and migrant families recruited from a metropolitan area in Germany participated in a randomized pre–post follow-up intervention study with a control group. Children listened to a tailored crime story of approximately 90 min over a period of 3 days within the classroom setting. Entertainment value for the age group was established in a pilot study. Outcome variables included semantic and grammatical skills in German and were administered before (pretest), shortly after intervention (posttest), and 2 weeks later (follow-up). We used nonverbal intelligence, reading, comprehension skills, age and sex as control variables. Results indicate a strong positive effect of media reception on language skills. The effectiveness of the intervention is discussed with reference to different linguistic domains, entertainment value, and compensatory effects in populations at risk of language learning deficits.

Tomorrow never knows: Paradoxical effects of a future prime on performance among low socioeconomic status college students

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dayle Herrmann ◽  
Jessica Bodford ◽  
Robert Adelman ◽  
Oliver Graudejus ◽  
Morris Okun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Paradoxical Effects
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