Lower Serum Dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ Level is Associated With 3 Types of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Abstract Backgroud: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common organ specific autoimmune disorders. The reduction of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (sDPPIV) levels have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. Few studies have analyzed the association between sDPPIV levels and AITD, especially in Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sDPP-IV levels and 3 types of AITD, that is Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods 65 newly diagnosed GD ,22 GO, 27 HT patients and 30 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Clinical characteristics and thyroid function data were collected for all participants. sDPP-IV was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the controls, GD patients and GO patients had significantly lower sDPP-IV levels(662.2 ± 38.81 and 438.4 ± 31.78 vs.786.3 ± 46.95, P = 0.01 or P < 0.001). It was also found that in GO individuals, sDPP-IV was lower than in GD subjects(P = 0.002). The lower the sDPP-IV level is, the higher the risk for developing GD or GD will be. In addition, sDPP-IV levels have negative association with the antithyroid peroxidase antibody(TGab)(r =-0.20, p = 0.02) and antithyroglobulin antibody(TPOab)(r =-0.19, p = 0.03). But there was no significant relationship between thyroid hormone and sDPP-IV levels.GO parients were groups by proptosis with and without muscle thicken,the sDPP-IV levels in proptosis with muscle thicken were lower than proptosis without muscle thicken(P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that sDPP4 were negatively correlated with GO and GD. Conclusions Take together, the present study showed for the first time that sDPP-IV concentrations are aberrant in GD and GO patients and that the reduced sDPP-IV expression may be involved in the progression of GO and GD diseases.

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IRF7 Gene Variations Confer Susceptibility to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/7429187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Qiuming Yao ◽

Xiaofei An ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Kaida Mu ◽

Ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Susceptibility Gene ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Minor Allele ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽

Significant Difference

The objective of this study was to investigate whether IRF7 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). We selected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IRF7, namely, rs1061501, rs1131665, and rs1061502 for genotyping using PCR-based ligase detection reaction (LDR) method in a total of 1659 participants (592 with Graves’ disease, 297 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and 770 healthy controls). Gene-disease and genotype-clinical phenotype associations were evaluated for the three SNPs. Our results showed that the AG genotype and the minor allele G frequency of rs1131665 and rs1061502 in AITD patients were both higher than those of the controls (rs1131665: AG genotype: P=0.017, OR=1.968; allele G: P=0.018, OR=1.946; rs1061502: AG genotype: P=0.029, OR=1.866; allele G: P=0.031, OR=1.847). Subgroup analysis also showed that the AG genotype and the minor allele G frequency of rs1131665 and rs1061502 in Graves’ disease patients were both higher than those of the controls (rs1131665: AG genotype: P=0.015, OR=2.074; allele G: P=0.016, OR=2.048; rs1061502: AG genotype: P=0.034, OR=1.919; allele G: P=0.035, OR=1.898). Furthermore, the allele G frequency of rs1061501 was associated with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (P=0.035, OR=1.396). No significant difference in IRF7 polymorphisms was found between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and controls. Our study has revealed for the first time that IRF7 is a susceptibility gene for AITD, especially for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy.

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Defect of a subpopulation of natural killer immune cells in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: normalizing effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.01906 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 152 (5) ◽

pp. 703-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sebastiano Bruno Solerte ◽

Sara Precerutti ◽

Carmine Gazzaruso ◽

Eleonora Locatelli ◽

Mauro Zamboni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nk Cells ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Secretory Activity ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Tnf Α

Background: The study of the natural killer (NK) immune compartment could provide important findings to help in the understanding of some of the pathogenetic mechanisms related to autoimmune thyroid diseases (Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT)). Within this context, it was suggested that alterations in NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and NK production of cytokines might occur in subjects with GD and HT, whereas the normalization of NK functions could potentially contribute to the prevention of the onset or the progression of both diseases. Objective: Due to the hypothesis of alterations in NK in autoimmune thyroid diseases, we were interested to evaluate NKCC in GD and HT patients and to modulate NK function and secretory activity with cytokines and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in an attempt to normalize NK cell defect. Design: We studied 13 patients with recent onset Graves’ disease, 11 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis at first diagnosis and 15 age-matched healthy subjects. Methods: NK cells were concentrated at a density of 7.75 × 106 cells/ml by negative immunomagnetic cell separation and validated by FACScan as CD16 + /CD56 + cells. NK cells were incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-β (IFN-β) and co-incubated with DHEAS at different molar concentrations for measuring NKCC and the secretory pattern of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from NK cells. Results: Lower spontaneous, IL-2- and IFN-β-modulated NKCC was demonstrated in GD and HT patients compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). A decrease in spontaneous and IL-2-modulated TNF-α release from NK cells was also found in both groups of patients (P < 0.001). The co-incubation of NK cells with IL-2/IFN-β + DHEAS at different molar concentrations (from 10−8 to 10−5 M/ml/NK cells) promptly normalized NKCC and TNF-α secretion in GD and HT patients. Conclusions: A functional defect of a subpopulation of NK immune cells, involving both NKCC and the secretory activity, was demonstrated in newly-diagnosed GD and HT patients. This defect can be reversed by a dose-dependent treatment with DHEAS. The impairment of NK cell activity in autoimmune thyroid diseases could potentially determine a critical expansion of T/B-cell immune compartments leading to the generation of autoantibodies and to the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity.

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Safety of Aesthetic Medicine Procedures in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Literature Review

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina58010030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Kamil Adamczyk ◽

Ewa Rusyan ◽

Edward Franek

Keyword(s):

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Aesthetic Medicine ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Wide Range ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Safety Studies ◽

Potential Possibility

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world’s population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive cosmetic injections (mesotherapy) to highly invasive procedures, such as lifting threads. Out of the seven categories of treatments in aesthetic medicine analyzed by us—hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous fat grafting, lifting threads, IPL and laser treatment and mesotherapy—only two, mesotherapy and lifting threads, are not recommended. This is due to the lack of safety studies and the potential possibility of a higher frequency of side effects in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

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Polymorphisms of IKZF3 Gene and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Associated with Graves’ Disease but Not with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000487870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 1787-1796 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ling Li ◽

Xiaolian Ding ◽

Xuan Wang ◽

Qiuming Yao ◽

Xiaoqing Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Zinc Finger Protein ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Control Group ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Background/Aims: The IKZF3 gene encodes a zinc-finger protein that plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), mainly include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), are probably caused by the aberrant proliferation of B cells. The objective of this study was to explore the association between IKZF3 polymorphisms and AITDs. Methods: We examined 915 AITD patients (604 GD and 311 HT) and 814 healthy controls. IKZF3 variants (rs2941522, rs907091, rs1453559, rs12150079 and rs2872507) were tested by PCR-ligase detection reaction. Results: It was manifested that that the minor alleles of the five loci increased susceptibility to GD (p<0.05 for rs2941522, and p<0.01 for rs907091, rs1453559, rs12150079 and rs2872507) but in HT patients, these loci showed no significant difference compared with controls. Similarly, the genotype distributions of GD patients manifested obvious differences in all these loci compared with the control group, whereas no statistical differences were observed between HT patients and controls. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze rs1453559, rs12150079 and rs907091. These variants were believed to be the transcription regulator. Conclusion: It is the first time we reported the association between the IKZF3 polymorphisms and GD, indicating that IKZF3 gene tends to bean important risk factor for the development of GD.

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Genetic Study in a Large Cohort Supported Different Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Hypothyroidism

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (7) ◽

pp. e2600-e2608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qian-Yue Zhang ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Lu Li ◽

Wen-Hua Du ◽

Chun-Lin Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Genes ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Susceptibility Loci ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Chinese Cohort ◽

First Time ◽

Genome Wide Significance

Abstract Context Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are the 2 main autoimmune thyroid diseases that have both similarities and differences. Determining the genetic basis that distinguishes HT from GD is key for a better understanding of the differences between these closely related diseases. Objects To identify the susceptibility genes for HT in the Chinese cohort and compare susceptibility genes between GD and HT. Design In the current study, 18 SNPs from 18 established GD risk loci were selected and then genotyped in 2682 patients with HT, 4980 patients with GD, and 3892 controls. The association analysis between HT and controls and heterogeneity analysis between HT and GD were performed on SPSS, with the logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age. Results We identified 11 susceptibility loci for HT in the Chinese Han population, with 4 loci, including the rs1265883 in SLAMF6 locus, rs1024161 in CTLA4, rs1521 in HLA-B, and rs5912838 in GPR174/ ITM2A at X chromosome, reaching genome-wide significance of 5 × 10–8. Five loci were reported to be associated with HT for the first time. We also identified 6 susceptibility loci with heterogeneity between GD and HT. Out of them, 4 loci were associated with GD but not with HT, including HLA-DPB1, CD40, TSHR, and TG; the association of HLA-B with GD was stronger than that with HT, but the association of SLAMF6 was reversed. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the pathogenesis of HT and GD was different.

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The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.586529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Docimo ◽

Angelo Cangiano ◽

Roberto Maria Romano ◽

Marcello Filograna Pignatelli ◽

Chiara Offi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Association Studies ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Benign Nodules ◽

The Impact

The human microbiota is an integral component in the maintenance of health and of the immune system. Microbiome-wide association studies have found numerous diseases associated to dysbiosis. Studies are needed to move beyond correlations and begin to address causation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders with an increasing prevalence, higher than 5% worldwide. Most frequent manifestations of ATD are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The exact etiology of ATD remains unknown. Until now it is not clear whether bacterial infections can trigger ATD or modulate the efficacy of treatment and prognosis. The aim of our review is to characterize the microbiota and in ATD and to evaluate the impact of dysbiosis on treatment and prognosis. Moreover, variation of gut microbiome has been associated with thyroid cancer and benign nodules. Here we will characterize the microbioma in benign thyroid nodules, and papillary thyroid cancer to evaluate their implications in the pathophysiology and progression.

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IgA class antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 in patients with thyroid disease

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1190081 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 81-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rauli Leino ◽

Riitta Lahesmaa-Rantala ◽

Kaisa Granfors ◽

Auli Toivanen

Keyword(s):

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽

Case Reports ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Healthy Control

Abstract. IgM, IgG and IgA class serum antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 and O:9 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis la and 3 in 41 patients with thyroid disease and 50 healthy control persons were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of antibody levels against Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and Yercinia pseudotuberculosis la and 3 did not differ significantly between the patients and controls. The median value of IgA class antibody Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 was 7.5 relative units (EIU, percentage of the reference serum) in the patients with thyroid disease and 0.7 EIU in the controls (P<0.01; Mann-Whitney's U-test), whereas IgM and IgG class antibodies did not show this difference. IgA class serum antibodies were especially high in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. These findings and two case reports support the concept that there may be a causal relationship between infections with Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

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Risk Factors Associated with Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

ISRN Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2013/673146 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priscila Carneiro Moreira Lima ◽

Arnaldo Moura Neto ◽

Marcos Antonio Tambascia ◽

Denise Engelbrecht Zantut Wittmann

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Demographical Data

Objectives. Assess the prevalence of thyroid nodules and predictors of malignant origin in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Patients and Methods. Retrospective study including 275 patients, 198 with Graves' disease and 77 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Clinical and demographical data, ultrasonographical nodule characteristics, total thyroid volume and histological characteristics were recorded. Results. Graves’ disease: the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma were 27.78% and 5.05%, respectively. Older age (OR = 1.054; 95% CI = 1.029–1.080) and larger thyroid volumes (OR = 1.013; 95% CI = 1.003–1.022) increased the chance of nodules. Younger age (OR = 1.073; 95% CI = 1.020–1.128) and larger thyroid volume (OR = 1.018; 95% CI = 1.005–1.030) predicted thyroid carcinoma. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: the prevalence of thyroid nodules and carcinomas were 50.7% and 7.8%, respectively. Nodules were predicted by thyroid volume (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.001–1.062). We found higher number of nodules in patients with thyroid carcinoma than in those with benign nodules (3 versus 2; ). Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis presented nodules more frequently than patients with Graves’ disease (50.65% versus 27.28%; ), while the prevalence of carcinoma was similar (). Conclusions. Larger goiter was associated with carcinoma in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Younger patients presented higher risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Graves’ disease. The prevalence of carcinoma was similar in both conditions.

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Coexistence of Autoimmune Hyper- and Hypothyroidism in a Kindred with Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone

European Thyroid Journal ◽

10.1159/000506424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 263-268

Author(s):

Yasmine Abdellaoui ◽

Dimitra Magkou ◽

Sofia Bakopoulou ◽

Ramona Zaharia ◽

Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽

First Time ◽

Receptor Antibodies

Introduction: Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is a rare disease with an autosomal dominant transmission. Diagnosis may be challenging especially in patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism. Case Presentation: A 31-year-old male patient with suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), elevated free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine, along with high thyroid receptor antibodies was diagnosed with Graves’ disease. Benzylthiouracil was started. One month later, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones was suspected because of persistently high thyroid hormone levels contrasting with high TSH level. Molecular analysis highlighted a 10c.1357C>T p.P453S mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (THRB). RTHβ was diagnosed. Several relatives also had RTHβ (the mother, the young son, and 2 out of 3 siblings). Autoimmune hypothyroidism was present in the mother, whereas 2 out of 3 siblings had asymptomatic autoimmunity. Discussion/Conclusion: Both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism were described in patients with RTHβ. We show here for the first time that autoimmune hypo- and hyperthyroidism may coexist in kindred with RTHβ. Seven previously published cases of Graves’ disease and RTHβ were retrieved and analyzed. Treatments and thyroid hormone level targets are discussed as well as the possible link between RTHβ and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

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