scholarly journals Organochlorine Pesticides Occurrence In Fish Muscle And Their Public Health Risks In Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhan Agmas ◽  
Marshet Adugna
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Pesticides are the parent compounds, their metabolites, and associated impurities of agricultural and health chemical inputs. If they are found concentration level higher than the standard limits, they have potential negative impacts on ecosystem in general and in fish and humans in particular. This study investigates organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residue occurrences in fish muscle and assesses their public health potential risks, in North West Ethiopia. The concentration of OCPs residue under GC-ECD detected in 37.84% fish muscle samples. The mean amount detected were Endosalfan I, 341.50 ± 32.19 μg/kg; Endosalfan II, 36.01 ± 2.3μg/kg; Endosalfan sulfate, 5.43 ± 4.06 μg/kg; 4,4, DDE, 64.01 ± 9.08μg /kg; 4, 4, DDD, 5.65 ± 3.12μg /kg; and 4,4, DDT, 1.58 ± 0.30μg/kg. The mean concentration of Endosalfan I tested fish muscle sample was higher than that of permissible limit of different international standards. However, due to low per capital consumption rate of fish origin food in Ethiopia, health risk index (HRI) ranges from 0.002-0.1275 which shows there is no public health risk. This study highlights the possibilities of chemical residues occurrence in fish food products and hence pesticide use regulations and monitoring concentration level should be implemented regularly to avoid human and environmental health risks.

scholarly journals More than scales and tape measures needed to address obesity in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
R. Ramlal ◽  
R. D. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Cultures

Obesity is an emerging public health problem worldwide increasing from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1 billion by 2013. A study was done on a sample of 100 obese and overweight patients with a body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic data and perceptions regarding their weight.The patients were between the ages of 18 and 76 years old with 82% being female patients. The mean BMI for males was 41.7 kg/m2 (SD = 7.38112) and females 39.9 kg/m2 (SD = 7.90504). The results of this study confirm that 17% of overweight and obese patients saw themselves as having a normal weight and 97% felt that they were not unattractive. Of the sample, 96% affirmed that being obese was a health risk. The commonest reason cited for their obesity is by choice (70%).Although obese patients knew that obesity is a health risk, they have a positive image of obesity. The dramatic trend towards increasing obesity suggest that healthcare providers need to understand how people from different cultures view obesity. This will help them to promote key messages about the health risks associated with excess weight in a culturally sensitive way.

scholarly journals Developing a Public Health Risk Assessment Toolkit for Mass Gatherings and Trialling for an International Multi-Sport Mass Gathering Event

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s116-s116
Author(s):  
Ellen Bloomer ◽  
Tina Endericks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Mass Gatherings

Introduction:Risk assessment for mass gatherings (MGs) is undertaken to enable public health authorities to systematically identify and assess the generic characteristics of an MG, which introduce or enhance particular threats and develop measures to reduce or mitigate these threats. The World Health Organization Collaborating Centres on Mass Gatherings and Global Health Security (WHO CCs) produced a comprehensive guide to MGs called “Public Health for Mass Gatherings: Key Considerations” (KC2). This is being converted into an eLearning resource. A public health risk assessment toolkit is being developed by the WHO CCs to complement and guide organizers in their planning process for the health risks associated with an MG event. Preparations for the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games (BCG) are underway and it is important to involve a public health element in the planning for the BCG.Aim:To develop a public health risk assessment toolkit for MGs and pilot it as part of the planning process for the BCG.Methods:Based on KC2 principles, methods included developing and finalizing a public health risk assessment toolkit for MGs. This study also piloted the toolkit for the BCG.Results:A toolkit will be developed. Key learning will be documented on how the toolkit can be improved. The pilot will identify the key public health risks for the BCG, and assess how to mitigate them.Discussion:The development of this toolkit will be an innovative contribution to the resources available for those organizing MGs. It will support organizers to conduct risk assessments and thus maximize the potential for health from the event. Piloting the toolkit for the BCG is an opportunity for validating it, and provides valuable learning for its use in future events. It will support the risk assessment process for the BCG and share learning regarding the key risks for this event.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Dried Goose Carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Kamber ◽  
Hilmi Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Meat Samples

AbstractMicrobiological studies on chicken meat and carcasses are well documented, but very few studies exist on goose meat and carcasses. Therefore, in this study, dried goose carcass samples were collected from the local households in Kars/Turkey and microbiologically analyzed in terms of public health risks. The total mesophilic viable count was found to be 6.58 (mean log10 CFU g−1) (100%). The number of Enterobacteriaceae was 4.85 (92.8%). Coliform bacteria was counted at the numbers of 2.98 (67.8%), while it was 3.95 (91.1%) for the enterococci, 0.42 (26.7%) for the clostridia, 0.04 (3.5%) for the Clostridium perfringens, and 0.41 (12.5%) for the coagulase positive staphylococci. The numbers of mould and yeast were 0.93 (25%) and 4.81 (94.6%), respectively. Salmonellae and Bacillus cereus could not be isolated in the samples. The results indicate that the dried goose meat samples had poor hygienic quality, contained some of the pathogen microorganisms that are likely to pose a potential health risk.

scholarly journals Health risks during the Cricket World Cup in the Caribbean: surveillance and assessment in the French départements

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The Caribbean

The ICC Cricket World Cup (CWC) is the world’s third largest sporting event. (...) As with any mass gathering, there is an added public health risk [1]. Some of the visitors are coming from countries where infectious diseases are either endemic or capable of creating an epidemic.

scholarly journals Sanitary and Hygienic Aspects of the COVID-19 Self-isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 734-738
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Mitrokhin ◽  
Vladimir A. Reshetnikov ◽  
Elena V. Belova ◽  
Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation.

Organochlorine Pesticides in Spanish Sterilized Milk and Associated Health Risks

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. GARRIDO ◽  
M. JODRAL ◽  
R. POZO
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Sterilized Milk

Organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, clordane, pp'-DDE, op'-DDD, pp'-DDD, op'-DDT, pp'-DDT endrin and methoxychlor) were investigated in Spanish sterilized milks. Ninety percent of the milk samples were found to be contaminated. Thirty-two percent of the samples were contaminated by clordane and showed levels which exceeded the maximum residue limit permitted in the Directive 86/386/EC for organochlorines in milk as calculated on a lipid basis. Aldrin was only found in one sample, while 89.9% of the samples were contaminated by one or more HCH isomers. Mean heptachlor epoxide contamination (0.026 ppm) was approximately 10 times higher than contamination by heptachlor, There is no health risk involved in the consumption of using sterilized milk in Spain.

scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic (As) and Iron (Fe) Concentration in Ground Water and Associated Health Risk by Arsenic Contamination in Singair Upazila, Manikganj District, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Md. Khabir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Mean Concentration

Contamination of drinking water by Arsenic (As) & Iron (Fe) is nowadays appeared as a big concern for public health and environment as well. Immoderate and continued revelation of inorganic arsenic along with drinking water is triggering arsenicosis. High Fe and As concentration found in the study area is also appeared as very challenging to those people who are consuming the water on regular basis and they may confront to a high health risk. This study is conducted to determine the concentration of Fe and As in ground tube-well containing possible health risk in Bangladesh which examines the ground water As and Fe scenario of Singair Upazila, Manikganj district. Total 40 samples were collected from the study area. As and Fe were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study found As concentration ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0858 mg/L with the mean concentration as 0.04186 mg/L. Concentration of Fe was found 0.175 to 13.865 mg/L with the mean concentration as 3.600 mg/L whereas WHO standard level is 0.01 mg/L for As and 0.3 mg/l for Fe. It was also noticed that As and Fe concentration in shallow tube-well was relatively high than that in deep tube-well and a strong correlation between As and Fe was marked in the ground water. Therefore, to cope with this challenge, people should look for other sources or relocate the tube-well or treat the water for drinking and other everyday purposes.

scholarly journals MODERN ISSUES OF THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
S. V. Kuzmin ◽  
A. L. Mishina ◽  
Sergey V. Yarushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The paper presents approaches to the implementation the basic paradigm of the development for the legislative and regulatory framework to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population based on the comprehensive implementation of the methodology of the health risk assessment and management. The consistent implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework should provide getting answers main questions: what, where, when, how we are to assess and above all how we have to manage and control health risks. The suggested approach involves the accumulation capacities and resources of all the stakeholders: State-Russian Federation constituent-municipality-economic entity-non-governmental organizations-population in the assessment, management and control health risks both for the public in general and for certain socio-economic groups. This integrated system is aimed at the decline of public health risks to levels that cannot be detected using current knowledge and methods. The described requirements for incorporation of health risk assessment, management and monitoring methods into the health, consumer rights and labor legislation framework and other areas of legislative regulation must be applicable for corporate entities’ and sole entrepreneurs’ various business activities that affect (pose a threat, create a risk, cause harm) public health as well as regulation of the social and economic development of the nation in general.

scholarly journals The Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Metal(oid)s Bioaccumulation in Leafy Vegetables: A Consumption Advisory

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alsafran ◽  
Kamal Usman ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Talaat Ahmed ◽  
Hareb Al Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
The Mean

High levels of metal(oid)s in soil or food pose a severe health risk to humans. The potential toxicants find their way into the living systems via the food chain, following bioaccumulation in edible plants, including leafy vegetables grown in or irrigated with contaminated soil or water, respectively. The current study determines the levels of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leafy vegetables (rocca, coriander, and parsley) grown in different open irrigated farms in Qatar and investigates their potential human health risks (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic). The mean concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in rocca are 17.09, 6.41, 1.70, 13.04, 14.72, 0.90, and 6.36 mg/kg, respectively; in coriander are 15.91, 6.03, 1.38, 15.30, 16.86, 0.43, and 5.00 mg/kg, respectively; and in parsley are 16.25, 6.26, 2.19, 17.97, 16.60, 0.51, and 5.46 mg/kg, respectively. The mean levels of V, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were observed to be higher than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) values. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Cu and As were found to be greater than 1 for the adult population. For the two elements (i.e., Cu and As), the THQ varied from 1.03 to 1.42 and 1.17 to 1.44 in men. In women, the values ranged from 1.20 to 1.65 and 1.35 to 1.55, for Cu and As, respectively. The hazard index (HI) of rocca, coriander, and parsley was 3.99, 4.10, and 4.43, respectively, in men, 4.64, 4.76, and 5.14, respectively, among women. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cr, Ni, and As ranged from 7.16 × 10−4 to 7.61 × 10−4, 5.57 × 10−4 to 8.85 × 10−4, and 5.24 × 10−3 to 6.01 × 10−3, respectively, in men. In women, it ranged from 8.31 × 10−4 to 8.83 × 10−4, 6.47 × 10−4 to 1.03 × 10−3, and 6.09 × 10−3 to 6.97 × 10−3, respectively, in all vegetables. In crux, the consumption of rocca, coriander, and parsley grown in selected farms in Qatar poses a major health risk (both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic) to the consumer. As a result, we recommend that vegetables grown in the studied areas be closely monitored to protect consumer health.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Surveillance of Organochlorine Pesticides in River Water and Fishes from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1777-1785
Author(s):  
G. M. M. Anwarul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fish Samples

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chlorinated hydrocarbons that used extensively in the last century for agricultural purposes. Excess use of OCPs results pesticide residues accumulation in the water and fishes and causes various health problems. The concentrations of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in water and fish samples of six most contaminated rivers surrounding Dhaka, Bangladesh namely Buriganga, Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, Bangshai and Dhaleswari were determined and assessed the possible health risks through consumption of accumulated OCPs in fishes from those rivers. .As we know, OCPs are non-biodegradable and thus remain in the environment as pollutants. Therefore, OCPs exposure must be monitored and controlled to reduce the human health risks. Risk assessment is an important procedure to quantify the potential health risks and provides information the risk managers to control the overuse of OCPs. The concentrations of OCPs residues were determined by Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After sample collection, sample was extracted and analyzed according to the validated method. Several OCPs residues including Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Eldrine ketone, p,p-DDD, Endrin, α-Endosulfan, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDT, Endosulfan sulfate and β-Endosulfan were detected in river water and residues including Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDD, Endrin and p,p-DDT were detected in fish samples. The Health risk index (HI) values of Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDD, Endrin and p,p-DDT from analyzed three fish species (Acanthobrama microlepis, Barbonymus gonionotus and Batasio tengana) were ranged from 0.036 to 1.696, 0.029 to 2.007, 0.022 to 1.117, 0.0231 to 0.721, 0.019 to 1.597 and 0.019 to 1.205 for Buriganga, Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, Bangshai and Dhaleswari rivers respectively. OCPs are quantified in river water and fish samples and potential health risks are accessed. This study suggested that, there might have OCPs mediated health risks through long term exposure of OCPs residues from fishes of those polluted rivers. Although, our study provided estimation about the presence of OCPs in water and fishes from six contaminated rivers surrounding Dhaka city but, further studies are suggested to ensure the safety of peoples.

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