scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns in infections associated with health care in a Third Level Center with hospital reconversion in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Almeida ◽  
José Alfonso Gutiérrez Gutiérrez ◽  
Silvia León Quirino ◽  
Patricia Albarrán Calzonzin ◽  
Alejandro Acosta Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Objective:Description of the different isolated microorganisms and their prevalence in infections associated with health care, in addition to determining their patterns of resistance to antibiotics in patients admitted with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit, during a third-level medical center with hospital reconversion.Method:Patient demographic data was obtained from the clinical record, with defined criteria. Antibiotic resistance patterns were evaluated as well as the identification of isolated bacteria in cultures of expectoration, pleural fluid, catheter tips. For bacterial identification and resistance mechanisms, automated equipment and phenotypic tests were used, following the CLSI criteria.ResultsA total of 100 patients with bacterial infection added to the main COVID-19 picture were obtained, of which he represented pneumonia, urinary tract infection, catheter infections and bacteremia. A total of 100 strains were isolated, of which 84 are Extremely Drug Resistant, 12 Multidrug Resistant and only 4 variable sensitivity. The bacteria with the highest prevalence is Staphylococcus aureus with, followed by Peudonomas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 100% of the patients admitted to the ICU had death.ConclusionThe increase in resistance to antibiotics in the COVID-19 pandemic has set off alarms due to the complication that this brings, and the improper use of drugs as prophylaxis or attempted treatment only generates selective pressure that leads to an increase in resistance as observed in the isolated strains in this study, where the vast majority present enzymes as well as other resistance mechanisms that confer them to be XDR

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
R. R. Karn ◽  
R. Acharya ◽  
A. K. Rajbanshi ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
S. K. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

SETTING: Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).OBJECTIVE: In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance.DESIGN: A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018–January 2020.RESULTS: Of 117 patients with CSOM and awaiting surgery, 64% were in the 18–35 years age group, and 79% were cross-border from India. Of 118 bacterial isolates, 80% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16% had Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates showed multidrug resistance to nine of the 12 antibiotics tested. The lowest antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was for vancomycin (29%) and moxifloxacin (36%), and for S. aureus, this was vancomycin (9%) and amikacin (17%). Fourteen (12%) patients underwent surgery: myringoplasty (n = 7, 50%), cortical mastoidectomy with tympanostomy (n = 4, 29%) and modified radical mastoidectomy (n = 3, 21%). Those infected with P. aeruginosa and with resistance to over six antibiotics were significantly more likely to be refused for surgery.CONCLUSION: Patients awaiting ear surgery were predominantly infected with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and were consequently refused surgery. This study can help inform efforts for improving surgical uptake and introducing cross-border antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Important Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens and Novel Antibiotic Solutions

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Loukas Kakoullis ◽  
Eleni Papachristodoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Chra ◽  
George Panos
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Multidrug-resistant bacteria have on overwhelming impact on human health, as they cause over 670,000 infections and 33,000 deaths annually in the European Union alone. Of these, the vast majority of infections and deaths are caused by only a handful of species—multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These pathogens employ a multitude of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, such as the production of antibiotic deactivating enzymes, changes in antibiotic targets, or a reduction of intracellular antibiotic concentration, which render them insusceptible to multiple antibiotics. The purpose of this review is to summarize in a clinical manner the resistance mechanisms of each of these 6 pathogens, as well as the mechanisms of recently developed antibiotics designed to overcome them. Through a basic understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, the clinician can better comprehend and predict resistance patterns even to antibiotics not reported on the antibiogram and can subsequently select the most appropriate antibiotic for the pathogen in question.

Antibiotic resistance patterns ofFrankiastrains

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis S Tisa ◽  
Matthew S Chval ◽  
Glenn D Krumholz ◽  
Joel Richards
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A major hurdle in the development of a genetic system for Frankia is the lack of genetic markers. To identify potential genetic markers, 12 strains of Frankia were screened for resistance to antibiotics by the use of a growth inhibition assay. All of the strains demonstrated sensitivity to tested antibiotics. Several strains had distinctive patterns of antibiotic resistance that are potentially useful as genetic markers. Novobiocin was the antibiotic to which the most strains were resistant.Key words: genetics, genetic markers, Frankia, actinorhizal, nitrogen fixation, vesicles.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors, Antibiotic Resistance patterns, and Molecular Types of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Ahmadi ◽  
Payam Behzadi ◽  
Reza Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is armed with a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms which mostly challenges effective treatment. Due to this fact, the aims of the current study were to identify the clinical strains of K . pneumoniae as well as to determine their phenotypes and molecular characterization related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Methods In this investigation, specimens from a hospital and different laboratories located in Shahr-e-Qods, Tehran, Iran were collected during a period of nine-month (December 2018 to August 2019). The isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were then identified through standard microbial and biochemical assays. Additionally, disk diffusion, combined disk, modified Hodge test and PCR were performed for antibiotic resistance of the strains and virulence genes profiling, respectively. The molecular typing was accomplished by ERIC-PCR. Results Eighty-four isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified and subjected to the study. Fifty- two percent of the isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were detected as multidrug resistant (MDR) pathotypes with the highest resistance to ceftriaxone (65%) and the lowest resistance to colistin (23%). Twenty-seven (52%) out of 52 (100%) MDR pathotypes of isolated K. pneumoniae were identified as ESBL producers. According to Modified Hodge Test (MHT) results, out of 24 resistant strains of isolated K. pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem, 15 pathotypes (62.5%) were detected as KPC producers. The gene of blaCTX (encoding carbapenemase) with 96% ranked first, while the blaKPC gene with the prevalence of 71% ranked second among ESBL producers. The aminoglycoside resistance gene of Aac6-Ib showed the highest frequency with the prevalence percentage of 90%. The virulence genes of mrkD (94%) and magA (11%) were the highest and lowest among isolates, respectively. According to ERIC-PCR results the isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were divided into four clusters in which the cluster 4 was predominant group. Conclusions The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in conjunction with a significant relationship between the strains reveals a high pathogenic capacity of the isolated pathotypes of K. pneumoniae . These findings emphasize the choose of more effective antibiotic regimens for treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae , antibiotic resistance, ESBL, virulence genes, molecular typing.

scholarly journals Role of CRISPR-Cas system on antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pourya Gholizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Aghazadeh ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou ◽  
Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽  
Tahereh Pirzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are one of the factors which can contribute to limiting the development and evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. There are three genomic loci of CRISPR-Cas in Enterococcus faecalis. In this study, we aimed to assess correlation of the CRISPR-Cas system distribution with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance among E. faecalis isolates. A total of 151 isolates of E. faecalis were collected from urinary tract infections (UTI) and dental-root canal (DRC). All isolates were screened for phenotypic antibiotic resistance. In addition, antibiotic resistance genes and CRISPR loci were screened by using polymerase chain reaction. Genomic background of the isolates was identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. The number of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains were higher in UTI isolates than in DRC isolates. RAPD-PCR confirmed that genomic background was diverse in UTI and DRC isolates used in this study. CRISPR loci were highly accumulated in gentamycin-, teicoplanin-, erythromycin-, and tetracycline-susceptible strains. In concordance with drug susceptibility, smaller number of CRISPR loci were identified in vanA, tetM, ermB, aac6’-aph(2”), aadE, and ant(6) positive strains. These data indicate a negative correlation between CRISPR-cas loci and antibiotic resistance, as well as, carriage of antibiotic resistant genes in both of UTI and DRC isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Serotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated in Hospital Catering Service in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Benjelloun Touimi Ghita ◽  
Laila Bennani ◽  
Sanae Berrada ◽  
Moussa Benboubker ◽  
Bahia Bennani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Escherichia coli is related to foodborne disease and outbreaks worldwide. It mainly affects persons at high risk as newborns, infants, and individuals with impaired immune system in hospitals. Multidrug-resistant E. coli is currently spreading both in community and hospital settings. Our study aims to evaluate the presence of E. coli and the incidence of its antibiotic resistance in samples obtained from various cooked and raw foods (N = 300), food contact surfaces (N = 238), and food handlers (N = 40) in Moroccan hospital catering service. E. coli was identified using API 20E, and the antibiotic resistance patterns were obtained using the agar disk diffusion methods. However, PCR method was used for O157 and H7 typing. The samples analysis showed that 14.33%, 24.16%, and 45% of food, surfaces, and food handlers harbored E. coli, respectively, with the highest rates obtained in raw meats (34.88%) and salads (34.88%). Molecular amplification shows that 14 E. coli isolates carried the flagellar antigen H7, while there are no isolates showing amplification for O157. The high rate of resistance was noted against ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanate acid (100%), nalidixic acid (61.62%), and cefotaxime (59.49%), and isolates obtained from food handler’s hands showed the highest rates of resistance. None of the isolates are extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing, while 27.7% of the isolates were metallo-beta-lactams producing. This first study conducted on Moroccan hospital catering services may draw the authorities’ attention to the necessity of setting up a surveillance system to monitor the food preparation process and the safety of prepared food in healthcare settings.

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