scholarly journals Intersectionality and Diabetes in a Population of an Ambulatory Clinic, Quito-Ecuador.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Flores Sacoto ◽  
Galo Sanchez Del Hierro ◽  
Felipe Moreno-Piedrahita Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ambulatory Clinic ◽  
Insurance Type

Abstract Diabetes Mellitus is a noncommunicable chronic disease, caused by the hormonal imbalance of insulin and glucose; it produces premature mortality, morbidity, and disability. A good metabolic control requires changes of personal habits and attitudes that are affected by social environment.Objective: to identify sociodemographic factors (gender, age, scholarity, civil status and insurance type) that affects metabolic control of type 2 diabetes in a specific population of an ambulatory clinic of Quito-Ecuador.Material and method: This investigation is a cross sectional study from the data taken of the first semester of the year 2018 of patients with Diabetes (ICD-10 E10-E14) from an ambulatory clinic in Quito.Results Among the data analyzed there was found association between age, gender, scholarity and insurance type with metabolic control, despite women have worse metabolic control with higher means of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index. There was a statistically significant relationship between the control of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with age group under 65 and scholarity.Conclusion DM is a disease that affects the most vulnerable populations: lower socioeconomic status, lower level of education and greater poverty. The prognosis depends on the metabolic control that is influenced by structural and intermediate determinants of health. Traditionally, the vulnerable groups have been exposed to a greater physical and psychosocial risk that increases susceptibility to inadequate metabolic control that are related to intersectionality. Inequalities in disadvantaged population increase the risk factors for complications and premature mortality. The management of this pathology requires an integrative approach.

scholarly journals DIABETIC EYE SCREENING IN SIR GANGA RAM HOSPITAL, LAHORE.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 941-945
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Humera Zafar ◽  
Zahra Ali ◽  
Iffat Shabbir ◽  
Tayyaba Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Eye Examination

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the optical complication that may leadto impaired vision. It is one of the most prevalent but preventable blinding disease. Its earlydiagnosis is prerequisite for the prevention of the visual loss and blindness associated withdiabetic complication. Objective: To estimate frequency of eye examination and various typesof retinopathy; and to find the association between diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from Apr-Sep 2012 by PMRC ResearchCentre, FJMC, Lahore. Using non probability convenient sampling, eighty known type IIdiabetics were recruited. Venous blood was drawn for plasma glucose level (GOD-PAP) andglycosylated hemoglobin (Ion-Exchange Resin). Arterial blood pressure was measured usingdigital apparatus (Oscillometric method). Visual acuity was tested by Snellen’s chart and dilatedfundus examination was done to screen diabetic retinopathy. Data was analyzed using StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS-20). Results: The study included 41% males and 59%females. Mean age was 51±9 (33-67) years. Diabetics who never screened for retinopathy were54.3%; and who examined during last year as per IDF guidelines were 25.7%. The frequencyof bilateral and unilateral NPDR was 22.5% and 5%, respectively. The occurrence of NPDR wasslightly higher in left eye, whereas PDR was more prevalent in right eye. The visual acuity wasequal or better than 6/12 in better eye of 80% study participants; and was 6/18-6/36 in better eyeof 20% participants. DR was significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes (p-0.010),poorly controlled diabetes (p-0.044) and hypertension (p-0.006). Odd ratios (95% CI) showedthat duration of diabetes ≥20 years, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.5 %, Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm/Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm/Hg had 3-5 times higher risk of retinopathy. Conclusion:Majority of patients were neither knew nor referred for eye examination. Strict control of diabetesand hypertension may prevent or delay diabetic retinopathy. Policy Message: Annual eyeexamination must be prescribed by the physician/ diabetologist. An education and awarenessprogram for diabetics and community based survey is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Elizabeth Huayanay-Espinoza ◽  
Felix Guerra-Castañon ◽  
María Lazo-Porras ◽  
Ana Castaneda-Guarderas ◽  
Nimmy Josephine Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess patients’ achievement of ADA (American Diabetes Association) guideline recommendations for glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and blood pressure in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatient clinic in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 123 ambulatory T2DM patients who are being treated at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Data was gathered via standardized interviews, clinical surveys, and anthropomorphic measurements for each patient. Blood samples were drawn in fasting state for measures of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Laboratory parameters and blood pressure were evaluated according to ADA recommendations.ResultsOf the 123 patients, 81 were women and the mean age was 61.8 years. Glycemic control was abnormal in 82 (68.33%) participants, and 45 (37.50%) were unable to control their blood pressure. Lipid profile was abnormal in 73 (60.83%) participants. Only nine (7.50%) participants fulfilled ADA recommendations for glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control.ConclusionsAmongst individuals with type 2 diabetes, there was poor attainment of the ADA recommendations (HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) for ambulatory T2DM patients. Interventions are urgently needed in order to prevent long-term diabetic complications.

The burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among men aged 15–54 years: a population-based cross-sectional study in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Kothavale ◽  
Parul Puri ◽  
Suryakant Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Hypertension is one of the primary causes of morbidity and premature mortality among the working-age population in India. This study evaluated the burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among working-age men aged 15–54 years in India using data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16). An individual was recognized as hypertensive if his blood pressure was over 140/90 mmHg or if he was consuming anti-hypertensive medication to lower his blood pressue. The study design was based on the Rule of Halves framework. Hypertensive cases were segmented into five analytical levels: (1) total, (2) screened, (3) diagnosed, (4) treated and (5) controlled cases. The prevalence of hypertension was 16% (n=16,254) among the men aged 15–54 years. Of the total hypertensive individuals, 63.2% (10,314) were screened, 21.5% (3428) were diagnosed, 12.6% (1862) were treated and only 6.1% (905) had controlled blood pressure. Of the screened individuals, 66.8% (6886) had never been diagnosed, 45.7% (1566) of those diagnosed had not receive treatment and 51.4% (957) of those treated still had uncontrolled blood pressure. The analyses revealed that 36.5% (5940) of hypertensive individuals were lost at the screening stage. The results demonstrate that there is a significant burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among men aged 15–54 in India. There is an urgent need to develop suitable strategies and programmes to manage this rising burden of hypertension among men, and reduce losses in the hypertension care continuum.

scholarly journals Screening Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Diabetes Patients in the Primary Diabetes Clinics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingwang An ◽  
Yanlei Wang ◽  
Chenxiang Cao ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract Aim:To evaluate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients from the primary diabetes clinics for further comprehensive intervention in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 primary diabetes chain hospitals in Beijing, Lanzhou, Harbin, Chengdu and Taiyuan in continuous patients with T2DM from March 2016 to December 2019. The data collected at the first visit were analyzed, and proportions of patients reached the targets (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) < 7%, blood pressure < 130 / 80mmHg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 2.6mmol/l) were calculated. The differences among different hospitals, different treatment and numbers of aggregated ASCVD risk factors were compared.Results:A total of 20,431 participants, including 11,363 men (55.6%), with an average age of (59.4 ± 10.4) years were enrolled. Nearly 95% diabetes had one or more ASCVD risk factors other than hyperglycemia. The control rates of HbA1C, blood pressure, and LDL-C were 26.5%, 27.9%, and 42.6%, respectively. Only 4.1% patients achieved all 3 targets. Diabetes duration, family history and overweight/obesity were associated with the number of aggregated ASCVD risk factors. And the patients with short duration, no overweight/obesity, not smoking, less ASCVD risk factors and lived in Chengdu were associated with a higher control rates.Conclusions:In confront of poor control status, global management of ASCVD risk factors including weight loss and smoking stopping must be emphasized in the primary diabetes care settings.Highlights:The prevalence of ASCVD risk factors was high and control rates were low in the primary diabetes care hospitals in China.Overweight/obesity, smoking and resident area were associated with the aggregated ASCVD risk factors and worse control.Trial registration:Current ClinicalTrial.gov protocol ID NCT03707379. Date of Registration: October 16, 2018.https://clinicaltrials.gov

scholarly journals Association Between Sense of Coherence and Metabolic Control in People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Mónica Susana Guevara C. ◽  
Marcelo Nicolalde ◽  
Amparo Amoroso ◽  
Patricia Chico ◽  
Nicole Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Relationship

The chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus are related to the level of metabolic control and often inadequate control is achieved, so there is the possibility of exploring other therapeutic options. The sense of coherence makes it possible to face several stressors and maintain health. This research aimed to explore whether people with diabetes mellitus 2 and high values in the sense of coherence scale have better metabolic control. Cross-sectional study in patients with diabetes 2. The value of the coherence sense scale and HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin was determined. A multivariate analysis was carried out by conglomerates and the average HbA1c ratio was established for these groups. 163 subjects participated with an average of 59.64 years. Three clusters were identified and classified as High, Medium and Low sense of Coherence. When establishing the relationship with HbA1c it was found that the High Group had an average HbA1c of 6.22%, the middle group 7.24% and the low group 7.49% of HbA1c, p <. 05. It was identified that a high Sense of Coherence is significantly associated to a better metabolic control given by HB A1c.

scholarly journals Shift Work Including Night Work and Long Working Hours in Industrial Plants Increases the Risk of Atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Skogstad ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Lars-Kristian Lunde ◽  
Bente Ulvestad ◽  
Dagfinn Matre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Increased Risk

There is an abundance of literature reporting an association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have examined early manifestation of CVD using advanced modern methodology. We established a group of 65 shift workers and 29 day workers (controls) in two industrial plants. For the shift workers, the shift schedule includes rotating shifts with day, evening and nightshifts, some day and nightshifts lasting for 12 h. The current paper describes cross-sectional data in a study running for three years. We collected background data by questionnaire and measured blood pressure, heart rate, lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined arterial stiffness (central blood pressure, augmentation pressure and index, and pulse wave velocity) by the use of SphygmoCor® (AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia) and the carotid arteries by ultrasound. We assessed VO2max by bicycle ergometry. We applied linear and logistic regression to evaluate associations between total number of years in shift work and cardiovascular outcome measures. The day workers were older and had more pronounced arterial stiffness compared to the shift workers. Number of years as a shift worker was associated with increased carotid intima media thickness (max IMT) (B = 0.015, p = 0.009) and an elevated CRP (B = 0.06, p = 0.03). Within the normal range for this age group, VO2max was 41 (9) ml/kg/min. Rotating shift work including day and night shifts lasting up to 12 h and evening shifts are associated with CVD-risk factors. This could imply an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke among these workers. Therefore, preventive measures should be considered for these groups of workers in order to prevent such diseases.

INTERARM SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN POLICE WORKER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somesh Raju ◽  
Rina Kumari ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
NS Verma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressure Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Interarm systolic blood pressure difference more than 10 mm of Hg is predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Despite of sufficient physical activity there is high prevalence of obesity in police personal because of stressful working environment. No studies have addressed the significance of interarm pressure difference among them. Therefore, the present study conducted to access the relation of interarm blood pressure difference with obesity in police personnel. Aims and Objective: To estimate the interarm pressure difference in police personal to see its association with their obesity. Material and Method: This cross-sectional observational study done on 245 police workers in PAC, Sitapur, India. Subjects having more than ten years of working experience were included in study. Anthropometric measurements of subject recorded by following standard protocol. Measurement of systolic pressure in both arm recorded simultaneously by mercury sphygmomanometer. Available data analyze and expressed in percentage, mean with SD and chi square test to see the significance of association. Results: According to anthropometric results of subjects 77.14 prcent subjects were having generalised obesity and 82.04 percent of subjects having abdominal obesity. 34.29 percent of subjects showed abnormally high (?10 mmHg) inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference. Both type of obesity showed positive association with blood sugar level but no association with interarm pressure difference. Conclusion: Interarm blood pressure difference is greater in individual having obesity or prolong duration of service. Such subjects are more susceptible to develop coronary artery disease or peripheral arterial disease in future. Early screening can help to detect the vascular events likely to occur in the future Keywords: Body mass index, Waist circumference, Interarm pressure difference, Random blood sugar

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

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