scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Coagulating Agent From Plantain Peel Starch (Musa Paradisiaca), As Adjuvant in Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Cortes-Perez ◽  
Leymer Pérez-Montalvo ◽  
Jorge Puello-Silva ◽  
Jorgelina Pasqualino ◽  
Henry Lambis-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Chemical Substitution ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Coagulation processes are widely used for water treatment, mainly with chemical coagulants. In this research, starch derived from a residue (plantain peel, Musa paradisiaca) was used as a starting point for a chemical modification. Through acetylation, its chemical structure was modified and characterized by Infrared Spectrophotometry, for its evaluation as a coadjuvant in coagulation operations to reduce the turbidity of raw water. Two experimental designs were developed to evaluate the incidence of modified starch as the main coagulant or in conjunction with a conventional coagulant (Al2(SO4)3), at different Al2(SO4)3 / acetylated starch ratios, in jar-test experiments. In the first experimental design, with the acetylated starch as the main coagulant, turbidity removal percentages reached 47.93% (average value, 41.18%). For the Al2(SO4)3 / acetylated starch coagulation process, 98.91% turbidity removal was reached in the second experimental design (average value, 97.16%). The incidence on turbidity in a jar-test of starch chemical substitution degree and the Al2(SO4)3 / Acetylated starch ratio was investigated using ANOVA analysis. There was a great incidence of the chemical substitution degree and the concentration of acetylated starch used, when modified starch was used as the main coagulant. For the second experimental design, the Al2(SO4)3 / Acetylated starch relationship had a greater incidence on the turbidity removal. Thus, modified starch obtained from plantain peel waste is a promising coadjuvant material for water coagulation processes.

The Potential of Different Saline Solution on the Extraction of the Moringa oleifera Seed's Active Component for Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona ◽  
Rosangela Bergamasco ◽  
Vanessa Jurca Seolin ◽  
Marcia R. Fagundes Klen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in order to obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing different salts, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, in concentration 1M, distilled water combined with the Moringa oleifera Lam seed. Each coagulant solution obtained was studied with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 mg/L of Moringa in salt solution. The tests were performed in the “Jar Test,” and the efficiency of the process was assessed in terms of color and turbidity. The results show no difference in the coagulation for extracts using the salts KCl, NaCl and MgCl2 1 Molar. The best results were found employing the coagulant solutions extracted with salt, in various concentration ranges (125 to 300 mg/L); as the concentration of protein in solution becomes higher, the greater is its power as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which consequently had the lowest values of color and turbidity removal. Finally, the results obtained by the present work show that the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mucilage and powder of Okra as bio-flocculant in water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Livia Carneiro-Marra ◽  
Larissa Sad ◽  
Marcelo Da Silva-Batista
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Jar Test

Mucilage and powder of okra were evaluated as bio-flocculant in water treatment using jar test. The agitations sets, okra preparation methods and the amount of coagulant/bio-flocculant were evaluated in the turbidity removal. The results showed that agitations set of 150 rpm and then 40 rpm were more effective for reducing turbidity. Turbidity reduction was 39% using inorganic coagulant (FeSO4) alone, but reduction came to 76% and 88% by adding okra mucilage and powder, respectively. All results showed that okra powder present better turbidity removal in water treatment. It can be prepared by simple methodology, and also allow the inorganic coagulant reduction in approximately 64 %. In okra powder were identified hydroxyl groups that serve as active sites for colloidal particles removal

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habsah Alwi ◽  
Juferi Idris ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Banana Stem

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

scholarly journals Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Dafne Cruz ◽  
Marcio Pimentel ◽  
Ana Russo ◽  
Wilson Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Charge Neutralization ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Apparent Color

Most of the water supplied in Brazil comes from water streams that may have higher values for apparent color than turbidity. Treatability trials were performed for color and turbidity removal to evaluate the advantages of coagulation during the charge neutralization mechanism when compared to sweep flocculation for water with those characteristics. There were three types of trials: conventional Jar Test with raw water, with and without filtration, and in a pilot Water Treatment Plant, direct downward filtration, with synthetic water. Auxiliary equipment such as Continuous Flocculation Monitoring Equipment (CFME) and image analysis were used to evaluate the growth of flocs. In the Jar Tests experiments, similar levels of color (61.49%) and turbidity (61.30%) removal were observed, with a lower dosage of coagulant (46 mg/L) in the charge neutralization mechanism compared to the ones with sweep flocculation (58.22% for color and 54.73% for turbidity removal with 52 mg/L of aluminium sulfate). Similar results were found on pilot plant. At filtration rates of 180 and 300 m3 m−2 day−1, sweep flocculation mechanism had shorter filtration cycle (<5 m3) compared to other mechanisms. Therefore, a change in the operation of Water Treatment plants that use a coagulant dosage associated with sweep flocculation can bring advantages such as the reduction of coagulant consumption and sludge productions, as well as the increase of chlorine disinfection and filtration cycles.

Rehabilitation of water treatment plants with operational constrains: a study on turbidity removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Sookhak Lari ◽  
Morteza Kargar
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Long Term Effect

High-rate lamella settlers in clarifiers and triple media filters have been implemented in Isfahan water treatment plant (known as ‘Baba-Sheikh-Ali’) in Iran to upgrade existing clarification/filtration processes during the recent years. The applied technologies are mainly used to reduce finished water turbidity as the primary regional criterion on water quality. However, application of both technologies faced some operational limitations since they began to work. These problems are due to the existing layout of the process units and available materials. The current study focuses on performance of restricted application of the two technologies with respect to turbidity removal. Online measured turbidity data from a two-year field observation (since March 2010) are used. In particular, results show a more promising and long-term effect on turbidity removal due to tripling filter media rather than application of the lamella settlers in clarifiers. The reasons for these observations are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Aloe vera as an Organic Coagulant for Improving Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Abderrezzaq Benalia ◽  
Kerroum Derbal ◽  
Amel Khalfaoui ◽  
Raouf Bouchareb ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Optimal Ph

The coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process is widely used for removal of suspended solids and water turbidity reduction. The most common coagulants used to conduct this process are aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate. In this paper, the use of Aloe vera as a natural-based coagulant for drinking water treatment was tested. The bio-coagulant was used in two different forms: powder as well as liquid; the latter was extracted with distilled water used as a solvent. The obtained results showed that the use of the natural coagulant (Aloe vera) in both powder (AV-Powder) and liquid (AV-H2O) forms reduced the water turbidity at natural pH by 28.23% and 87.84%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the use of the two previous forms of bio-coagulant for drinking water treatment had no significant influence on the following three parameters: pH, alkalinity, and hardness. The study of the effect of pH on the process performance using Aloe vera as a bio-coagulant demonstrated that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency accounted for 53.53% and 88.23% using AV-Powder and AV-H2O, respectively, at optimal pH 6.

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of the white lily Moringa oleifera seed extract and its use in water treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Maria de Andrade ◽  
Krystyna Gorlach-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

White lily Moringa oleifera seed powder acts as a natural coagulant promoting the reduction of water turbidity by the coagulation and sedimentation of the suspended particles, also eliminating the microorganisms by sedimentation. The aqueous extract of M. oleifera presented an inhibitory capacity for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the hydroalcoholic extract inhibited S. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae, using the agar diffusion test. Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to the extracts. The water treatment through the aqueous extract of M. oleifera seeds at 0.02% and 0.01% concentrations was evaluated with the water samples collected in the Sinibu River, Paraíba State, Brazil, using the jar test. The water samples analyzed in this work were characterized by low turbidity (2.8-3.0 NTU), and pH and alkalinity between 5.8-7.3 and 10-30 mg CaCO3/L, respectively. After water treatment with M. oleifera aqueous extract, it was observed that pH, turbidity and alkalinity did not change significantly. Total heterotrophic bacteria counts in the crude water samples were between 1.9 x 10^5 UFC/100 mL and 1.1 x 10^6 CFU/100 mL, while the number of fecal coliforms was between 2.3 x 10^2 NMP/100 mL and 2.4 x 10^3 NMP/100 mL. The counts of total bacteria and fecal coliforms in the water samples treated with aqueous white lily extract at both concentrations tested (0.02% and 0.01%) during the 1.5-hour period did not differ significantly when compared to the untreated water. The results obtained in this work indicate that low turbidity of water influenced the efficacy of M. oleifera extract in the removal of bacteria in the treated water, since the level of coagulation depends on water turbidity.

scholarly journals GLYPHOSATE AND TURBIDITY REMOVAL IN WATER CONDITIONS BY CLARIFICATION WITH TANFLOC

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
J. T. B. SILVA ◽  
K. C. ROCHA ◽  
R. M. F. CUBA
Keyword(s):  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

With the progress in the agriculture sector, improper domains of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides have grown, which have been negatively affected the environment until the present day. Therefore, the present work has as objective to evaluate the efficiency of the natural coagulant Tanfloc in the clarification stage with respect the herbicide glyphosate removal and the turbidity parameter by using jar test with different pH conditions and coagulant concentration. As a result, was obtained that for the pH range of 5-5.5 the natural coagulant has shown more efficient, with a glyphosate percentage removal of approximately 98.0% using low concentrations and turbidity removal of 21.69%. On the other hand, for the pH range of 6.8 to 7.3, the coagulant has not shown profitable results, considering that, for some concentrations, it was not possible to detect the herbicide removal. In the concentrations that were detected removal, the average glyphosate percentage removal was approximately 89% and an average of 20.24% of turbidity removal. In summary, although the natural coagulant has not shown remarkably efficient in the neutral pH range, the product may be considered an alternative device in water treatment with the respect of the use of metallic coagulants, which produce sludge with chemistry characteristics that may negatively affect the environment.

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