scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Abstract Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, goat, beef, eggs, milk, canned fish with bones, lamb, and mutton. Cheese, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, teff, and canned fish without bones.Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.

scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Abstract Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, beef, goat, eggs, milk, cheese, and canned fish with bones. Lamb, mutton, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, and teff.Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.

scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health. To fill this critical knowledge gap, we built an aggregated global food composition database and developed an approach to rate foods according to their density in priority micronutrients. We show that the top sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, shellfish, beef, goat, eggs, milk, cheese, and canned fish with bones. Lamb, mutton, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, followed by yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, and teff.

scholarly journals Priority Micronutrient Density of Foods for Complementary Feeding of Young Children (6–23 Months) in South and Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Ortenzi ◽  
Ty Beal
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Four Levels

Background: Given their high nutrient requirements and limited gastric capacity, young children during the complementary feeding period (6–23 months) should be fed nutrient-dense foods. However, complementary feeding diets in low- and middle-income countries are often inadequate in one or more essential micronutrients. In South and Southeast Asia infants' and young children's diets are commonly lacking in iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, and calcium, hereafter referred to as priority micronutrients.Objective: This study aimed to identify the top food sources of priority micronutrients among minimally processed foods for complementary feeding of children (6–23 months) in South and Southeast Asia.Methods: An aggregated regional food composition database for South and Southeast Asia was built, and recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) from complementary foods were calculated for children aged 6–23 months. An approach was developed to classify foods into one of four levels of priority micronutrient density based on the calories and grams required to provide one-third (for individual micronutrients) or an average of one-third (for the aggregate score) of RNIs from complementary foods.Results: We found that the top food sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, bivalves, crustaceans, fresh fish, goat, canned fish with bones, and eggs, closely followed by beef, lamb/mutton, dark green leafy vegetables, cow milk, yogurt, and cheese, and to a lesser extent, canned fish without bones.Conclusions: This analysis provided insights into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition in children aged 6–23 months in South and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density of foods for complementary feeding of young children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Ortenzi ◽  
Ty Beal
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Background Given their high nutrient requirements and limited gastric capacity, young children during the complementary feeding period (6-23 months) should be fed nutrient-dense foods. However, complementary feeding diets in low- and middle-income countries are often inadequate in one or more essential micronutrients. In South and Southeast Asia infants’ and young children’s diets are commonly lacking in iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium, hereafter referred to as priority micronutrients. Objective This study aimed to identify the top food sources of priority micronutrients, among minimally processed, locally available foods, for complementary feeding of children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia. Methods An aggregated regional food composition database for South and Southeast Asia was built, and recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) from complementary foods were calculated for children aged 6-23 months. An approach was developed to classify foods into one of four levels of priority micronutrient density based on the calories and grams required to provide one-third (for individual micronutrients) or an average of one-third (for the aggregate score) of RNIs from complementary foods. Results We found that the top food sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, bivalves, crustaceans, fresh fish, goat, canned fish with bones, and eggs, closely followed by beef, lamb/mutton, dark green leafy vegetables, cow milk, yoghurt, and cheese, and to a lesser extent, canned fish without bones. Conclusions This analysis provided insights into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition in children aged 6-23 months in South and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals A2 Bovine Milk and Caprine Milk as a Means of Remedy for Milk Protein Allergy

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Young W. Park ◽  
George F. W. Haenlein
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Caprine Milk ◽  
Low Levels

A new type of cow’s milk, called A2 milk, has appeared in the dairy aisles of supermarkets in recent years. Cows’ milk generally contains two major types of beta-casein as A1 and A2 types, although there are 13 genetic variants of β-casein: A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I and G. Studies have shown that A1 β-casein may be harmful, and A2 β-casein is a safer choice for human health especially in infant nutrition and health. The A2 cow milk is reportedly easier to digest and better absorb than A1 or other types of milk. The structure of A2 cow’s milk protein is more comparable to human breast milk, as well as milk from goats, sheep and buffalo. Digestion of A1 type milk produces a peptide called β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which is implicated with adverse gastrointestinal effects on milk consumption. In addition, bovine milk contains predominantly αs1-casein and low levels or even absent in αs2-casein, whereby caprine milk has been recommended as an ideal substitute for patients suffering from allergies against cow milk protein or other food sources. Since goat milk contains relatively low levels of αs1-casein or negligible its content, and αs2-casein levels are high in the milk of most dairy goat breeds, it is logical to assume that children with a high milk sensitivity to αs1-casein should tolerate goat milk well. Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered a common milk digestive and metabolic disorder or allergic disease with various levels of prevalence from 2.5% in children during the first 3 years of life to 12–30% in infants less than 3 months old, and it can go up to even as high as 20% in some countries. CMPA is an IgE-mediated allergy where the body starts to produce IgE antibodies against certain protein (allergens) such as A1 milk and αs1-casein in bovine milk. Studies have shown that ingestion of β-casein A1 milk can cause ischemic heart disease, type-1 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, etc. The knowledge of bovine A2 milk and caprine αs2-casein has been utilized to rescue CMPA patients and other potential disease problems. This knowledge has been genetically applied to milk production in cows or goats or even whole herds of the two species. This practice has happened in California and Ohio, as well as in New Zealand, where this A2 cow milk has been now advanced commercially. In the USA, there have been even promotions of bulls, whose daughters have been tested homozygous for the A2 β-casein protein.

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

scholarly journals Childhood Malnutrition: Time for Action

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Tonia Vassilakou
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Major Impediment

Childhood malnutrition of every form, including undernutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight), micronutrient deficiencies, as well as overweight and obesity, consists a triple burden of disease, especially for low- and middle-income countries, and is one of the leading causes of poor health and a major impediment to personal development and achievement of full human potential worldwide [...]

scholarly journals Dietary Cadmium Intake and Sources in the US

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kijoon Kim ◽  
Melissa Melough ◽  
Terrence Vance ◽  
Hwayoung Noh ◽  
Sung Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dietary Cadmium ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can contribute to numerous diseases as well as increased mortality. Diet is the primary source of Cd exposure for most individuals, yet little is known about the foods and food groups that contribute most substantially to dietary Cd intake in the US. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate dietary Cd intake and identify major food sources of Cd in the US population and among subgroups of the population. Individuals aged 2 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 were included in this study (n = 12,523). Cd intakes were estimated from two days of 24-h dietary recalls by matching intake data with the Cd database of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Total Diet Study 2006 through 2013. The average dietary Cd consumption in the population was 4.63 μg/day, or 0.54 μg/kg body weight/week, which is 22% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2.5 μg/kg body weight/week. Greater daily Cd intakes were observed in older adults, males, those with higher income, higher education, or higher body mass index. The highest Cd intakes on a body weight basis were observed in children 10 years and younger (38% of TWI), underweight individuals (38% of TWI), and alcohol non-consumers (24% of TWI). The food groups that contributed most to Cd intake were cereals and bread (34%), leafy vegetables (20%), potatoes (11%), legumes and nuts (7%), and stem/root vegetables (6%). The foods that contributed most to total Cd intake were lettuce (14%), spaghetti (8%), bread (7%), and potatoes (6%). Lettuce was the major Cd source for Caucasians and Blacks, whereas tortillas were the top source for Hispanics, and rice was the top contributor among other ethnic subgroups including Asians. This study provides important information on the dietary Cd exposure of Americans, and identifies the groups with the greatest dietary Cd exposure as well as the major sources of dietary Cd among sociodemographic subgroups.

scholarly journals Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Ken Uechi ◽  
Minami Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals Intakes and sources of isoflavones, lignans, enterolignans, coumestrol and soya-containing foods in the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk), from 7 d food diaries, using a newly updated database

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A Mulligan ◽  
Gunter GC Kuhnle ◽  
Marleen AH Lentjes ◽  
Veronica van Scheltinga ◽  
Natasha A Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveA diet rich in phyto-oestrogens has been suggested to protect against a variety of common diseases but UK intake data on phyto-oestrogens or their food sources are sparse. The present study estimates the average intakes of isoflavones, lignans, enterolignans and coumestrol from 7 d food diaries and provides data on total isoflavone, lignan and phyto-oestrogen consumption by food group.DesignDevelopment of a food composition database for twelve phyto-oestrogens and analysis of soya food and phyto-oestrogen consumption in a population-based study.SettingMen and women, aged 40–79 years, from the general population participating in the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk) between 1993 and 1997, with nutrient and food data from 7 d food diaries.SubjectsA subset of 20 437 participants.ResultsThe median daily phyto-oestrogen intake for all men was 1199 μg (interquartile range 934–1537 μg; mean 1504 μg,sd1502 μg) and 888 μg for all women (interquartile range 710–1135 μg; mean 1205 μg,sd1701 μg). In soya consumers, median daily intakes were higher: 2861 μg in men (interquartile range 1304–7269 μg; mean 5051 μg,sd5031 μg) and 3142 μg in women (interquartile range 1089–7327 μg; mean 5396 μg,sd6092 μg). In both men and women, bread made the greatest contribution to phyto-oestrogen intake – 40·8 % and 35·6 %, respectively. In soya consumers, vegetable dishes and soya/goat's/sheep's milks were the main contributors – 45·7 % and 21·3 % in men and 38·4 % and 33·7 % in women, respectively.ConclusionsThe ability to estimate phyto-oestrogen intake in Western populations more accurately will aid investigations into their suggested effects on health.

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