scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Abstract Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, beef, goat, eggs, milk, cheese, and canned fish with bones. Lamb, mutton, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, and teff.Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.

scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Abstract Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, goat, beef, eggs, milk, canned fish with bones, lamb, and mutton. Cheese, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, teff, and canned fish without bones.Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.

scholarly journals Priority micronutrient density in foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Beal ◽  
Flaminia Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health. To fill this critical knowledge gap, we built an aggregated global food composition database and developed an approach to rate foods according to their density in priority micronutrients. We show that the top sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, shellfish, beef, goat, eggs, milk, cheese, and canned fish with bones. Lamb, mutton, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, followed by yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, and teff.

Pre-Stroke Depression in Ghana and Nigeria: Prevalence, Predictors and Association With Poststroke Depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872096827
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Joshua Akinyemi ◽  
Kolawole Wahab ◽  
Lukman Owolabi ◽  
Oyedunni Arulogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Education Network

Objectives: Depression is a risk factor for stroke. There is a knowledge gap on the predictors of prestroke depression in stroke survivors living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated prevalence and predictors of prestroke depression, as well as its association with poststroke depression (PSD) in the largest study of stroke in Africa. Methods: We evaluated information collected as part of the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) study, a multicentre, case-control study conducted at 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Prestroke depression status was ascertained in stroke survivors using a validated self-report tool, while PSD was assessed using a stroke specific screening tool for depression (“HRQOLISP-E”). Independent associations were investigated using complementary log-log regression and binary logit models. Results: Among 1,977 participants, prestroke depression was found in 141 (7.1%). In multivariate analyses, prestroke depression was significantly associated with tachycardia (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.37-3.56) and low consumption of green leafy vegetables (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.12-3.24). Forty-one (29.1%) of the prestroke depression sub-sample developed PSD. However, prestroke depression was not significantly associated with PSD. Conclusion: The findings should energize before-the-stroke identification and prioritization of limited treatment resources in LMICs to persons with depression who have multiple, additional, risks of stroke.

scholarly journals Community Assessment of Availability, Consumption, and Cultural Acceptability of Food Sources of (PRO)Vitamin A: Toward the Development of a Dietary Intervention among Preschool Children in Rural Burkina Faso

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. Nana ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Noel-Marie Zagré ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
Alfred S. Traoré
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

Background Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in the developing world. Dietary diversification is a promising strategy that needs to be explored to strengthen the country's ongoing supplementation program. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify locally available and acceptable (pro)vitamin A–rich foods to be included in a dietary intervention addressing vitamin A deficiency in children aged six months to three years. Methods A food ethnographic study combining recall methods, observation, and focused group discussion was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons. Thirty-five mother–child pairs were randomly selected and included in the study. Results The dietary pattern of children was characterized by low diversity with extremely low energy and vitamin A intake in both seasons. The study identified the availability of numerous (pro)vitamin A–rich foods, but these foods are either not consumed or consumed by few in low amounts and/or in low frequencies. The main constraining factors identified are related to financial accessibility (for liver), seasonal availability (for egg, milk, mango, papaya, and green leafy vegetables), and beliefs related to consumption and preparation (for green leafy vegetables). However, the study also revealed that the study population associated all identified (pro)vitamin A–rich foods with positive attributes such as health, strength, and vitamin richness, which might offer an entry point for designing and implementing dietary interventions. Conclusions Based on the findings of this formative research, intervention strategies with mango and liver are proposed to improve the vitamin A intake and status of children in the rural areas of Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Traditional Knowledge on Uncultivated Green Leafy Vegetables (UCGLVS) Used in Nalgonda District of Telangana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Kanneboina Soujanya ◽  
◽  
B. Anila Kumari ◽  
E. Jyothsna ◽  
V. Kavitha Kiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
The People ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Nalgonda District

The present study data on traditional knowledge and identification of uncultivated edible greens (UCGLVs) used by the people of Nalgonda district, Telangana state, India was carried out through a structured questionnaire. The data was collected from three selected villages and 90 farm women were interviewed. The compiled information shows that 22 wild edible plant species belong to 19 genera and 14 families were identified from Nalgonda district, Telangana state. Among the identified plants, most of the plants species belongs to Amaranthaceae family. People are still consuming these wild greens during their availability due to several reasons like taste, nutritious, healthy, pesticide free, free of cost and easy availability. These UCGLVs were used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases like piles, constipation, anaemia, injuries, kidney problems, back pain problems, bleeding nose and some allergies. Even though there are many health, nutritional and economical benefits with the consumption of UCGLVs, some people are not using these uncultivated green leafy vegetables presently. Reasons like increased food production, markets, availability of food, urbanization, modernization, lack of knowledge on uncultivated food, unacceptability of taste, plant infestation during rainy season and some beliefs of the people was responsible for the underutilization of uncommon green leafy vegetables. Creating awareness on uncultivated greens, their health benefits and the provision of nutritional data helps to increase dietary diversity, improves health and decrease the burden of micronutrient deficiencies.

scholarly journals Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana A Teixeira ◽  
Teresa G Castro ◽  
Clare R Wall ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Sarah Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

AbstractObjectiveTo simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women.DesignA forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification.SettingEthnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of pregnant women in New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women (n 5664) whose children were born in 2009–2010.ResultsParticipants identified their ethnicity as European (56·0 %), Asian (14·2 %), Māori (13·2 %), Pacific (12·8 %) or Others (3·8 %). Bread, breakfast cereals and yeast spread were main food sources of DFE in the two voluntary fortification scenarios. However, for Asian women, green leafy vegetables, bread and breakfast cereals were main contributors of DFE in these scenarios. In descending order, proportions of different ethnic groups in the lowest tertile of DFE intake for the four fortification scenarios were: Asian (39–60 %), Others (41–44 %), European (31–37 %), Pacific (23–26 %) and Māori (23–27 %). In comparisons within each ethnic group across scenarios of food fortification with folic acid, differences were observed only with DFE intake higher in the simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification v. other scenarios.ConclusionsIf grain and rice fortification with folic acid was mandatory in New Zealand, DFE intakes would be more evenly distributed among pregnant women of different ethnicities, potentially reducing ethnic group differences in risk of lower folate intakes.

scholarly journals The question is whether intake of folic acid from diet alone during pregnancy is sufficient

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Banjari ◽  
Vlatka Matokovic ◽  
Vedrana Skoro
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Wide Range

Pregnancy and Folic Acid. Pregnancy is the most important period in life of every woman, partially for the number of physiological adaptations she is going through, partially for the expectance of new life. In addition, pregnancy is the ?critical window? for development later in childhood, as a period of foetal programming during which nutrition plays one of crucial roles. Despite the general belief that nutrition through pregnancy is adequate and characterized by better nutritional habits, a number of studies do not corroborate this belief. Role of Folic Acid. An adequate folate blood level is necessary for normal cell growth, synthesis of several compounds including deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, proper brain and neurologic functions; it is included in the regulation of homocysteine level, and closely related to the vitamin B12 metabolism. Folate deficiency in pregnancy is related to neural tube defects, other neurological disorders, preterm delivery and low birth weight. Food sources. A correlation between folate and the prevention of broad spectrum of chronic diseases has been confirmed. Emerging evidence from the epigenetic studies is now bringing even more light on the level of significance of folic acid. A wide range of plant and animal foods are the natural sources of folate; liver, yeast, mushrooms, and green leafy vegetables being the most significant. Different ways of food preparation influence the folate stability and its bioavailability varies from 25 to 50% from foods, 85% from enriched foods or 100% from supplements. Conclusion. A great amount of scientific results has led to official recommendations for folic acid supplementation in pregnant women as well as in a number of obligatory or voluntary fortification programmes in order to prevent the folate deficiency on the level of different population groups. Nevertheless, there must be a certain level of precaution for elderly because folate can mask the vitamin B12 deficiency with possible fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Stunting and Anaemia Is Associated with Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies in School Children of Small-Scale Farmers from Chamwino and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Victoria Flavian Gowele ◽  
Joyce Kinabo ◽  
Theresia Jumbe ◽  
Constance Rybak ◽  
Wolfgang Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Dark Green

Inadequate macro- and micronutrient nutrition and its consequences, such as anaemia, iron and vitamin deficiency, and growth retardation, could particularly affect children of small-scale farmers. In the present cross-sectional study, 666 school children aged 5–10 years from villages of Chamwino and Kilosa districts were studied for associations between nutritional and micronutrient status and dietary intake. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight was 28.1, 14.4, and 5%, while that of anaemia and deficiency of iron (ID), vitamin A (VAD), and zinc (ZnD) was 42.9, 29.3, 24.9, and 32.8%, respectively. Dietary recalls (24h) revealed that, except of iron (74%), only small proportions of children reached the recommended daily micronutrient intakes: 4% for zinc, 19% for vitamin A, and 14–46% for B vitamins. Stunting was highly associated with wasting in both districts and with VAD in Chamwino. Anaemia was predicted by ID, VAD, and ZnD in Chamwino and by elevated infection markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1 glycoprotein (AGP), in Kilosa. Overall, elevated CRP and/or AGP increased the risk while higher serum carotenoids indicating a diet of more fruit and vegetables reduced the risk of VAD. The significantly lower prevalence of anaemia and ID in Chamwino was related to higher iron and vitamin A intake and the consumption of mainly bulrush millet with dark green leafy vegetables compared to maize or rice with legumes in Kilosa. Nutrition and hygiene education integrated with home and school garden programmes could reduce the multiple burdens of anaemia; micronutrient deficiencies and infections; and, in the long term, the prevalence of stunting.

scholarly journals Dietary diversity among women of reproductive age (15-49 years): implication for folate deficiency in Mbarara district, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Denison Tamale ◽  
Grace Kagoro-Rugunda
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

Background: Understanding dietary diversity of women of reproductive age (WRA) is vital for better nutritional interventions of their health and that of unborn. Most diets consumed are macronutrient dense which leads to micronutrient deficiencies like neural tube defects (NTDs).Thirty three babies were born with NTDs at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital during 2016 and 2017 for reasons among which is folate deficiency. Folate can be derived cheaply from green vegetable consumption before antenatal visits. The study’s objective was to assess dietary diversity of WRA (15-49 years) living within Mbarara district.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for three months using a translated dietary diversity questionnaire from Food and Agricultural Organisation. Applying a 24 h recall method at various intervals of feeding, 402 WRA living within three constituencies of Mbarara district were randomly selected to participate.Results: 70.1% of WRA attained high Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) of (≥6). 45.1% consumed folate rich plant and animal sources. 4.8%, 8.4%, and 17.6% consumed dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin rich fruits and animal sources respectively. Education, constituency of residence and occupation had a significant association with IDDS of P≤0.05 (0.000, 0.004, 0.030) respectively. WRA who scored IDDS≥6, 58.2% attained at least secondary education, 51.1% lived in urban constituency and 47.5% were working. 30% consumed starchy staple groups, though at 15.8% legumes, nuts and seeds group was most consumed.Conclusions: Low intake of folate rich sources was noted, though many WRA consumed diverse diets therefore, education and employment are suitable interventions.

scholarly journals Dietary sources of vitamin C, vitamin E and specific carotenoids in Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina García-Closas ◽  
Antonio Berenguer ◽  
María José Tormo ◽  
María José Sánchez ◽  
José R. Quirós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Β Carotene

A cross-sectional study was conducted within the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation in Cancer and Nutrition to assess the principal food sources of vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in an adult Spanish population. The study included 41 446 healthy volunteers (25 812 women and 15 634 men), aged 29–69 years, from three Spanish regions in the north (Asturias, Navarra and Guipúzcoa) and two in the south (Murcia and Granada). Usual food intake was estimated by personal interview through a computerized version of a dietary history questionnaire. Foods that provided at least two-thirds of the studied nutrients were: fruits (mainly oranges) (51 %) and fruiting vegetables (mainly tomato and sweet pepper) (20 %) for vitamin C; vegetable oils (sunflower and olive) (40 %), non-citrus fruits (10 %), and nuts and seeds (8 %) for vitamin E; root vegetables (carrots) (82 %) for α-carotene; green leafy (28 %), root (24 %) and fruiting vegetables (22 %) for β-carotene; fruiting vegetables (fresh tomato) (72 %) for lycopene; green leafy vegetables (64 %) for lutein; citrus fruits (68 %) for β-cryptoxanthin; citrus fruits (43 %) and green leafy vegetables (20 %) for zeaxanthin. In conclusion, the main food sources of nutrients with redox properties have been identified in a Mediterranean country. This could provide an insight into the interpretation of epidemiological studies investigating the role of diet in health and disease.

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