scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma Gondii by Serological and Molecular Analyzes in Different Sheep and Goat Tissues in Northeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Firouzeh ◽  
Hamid Foroughiborj ◽  
Naser ziaali ◽  
Amir Tavakoli Kareshk
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Undercooked Meat ◽  
Gra6 Gene

Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease caused by compilation protozoan agent Toxoplasma gondiithat led to significant financial and quality-adjusted life-year losses. Consumption of undercooked or raw meat has been regarded as a major route of transmission. The present study was conducted to determine the seroposevitity rate of T.gondii in sheep and goats by serological and molecular tests and also genotyping of obtained isolatesin northeast of Iran.Methods: Blood and tissue samples (diaphragm, heart) of 296 animals (including 168 sheep and 128 goats) were collected from slaughterhouse in Quechan city from august 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples examined by the Modified agglutination test (MAT) and the Nested-PCR method performed to amplify the fragment of the B1 gene to detect parasite DNA on diaphragm and heart tissues of seropositive animals. PCR-RFLP method of GRA6 gene was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii. Also, sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the Toxoplasma type strains. Results: Serum positive for MAT results were found in 27.4% (46/168) of Sheep and23.4% (30/128) of goats. Positive Nested-PCR of B1 gene results in diaphragm and heart tissues of sheep and goats was 47.8% (22/46) and 26.1% (12/46), 40% (12/30) and 23.3% (7/30), respectively. Nested-PCR of GRA6 gene results were positive in 10 samples (7 sheep and 3 goats) that RFLP technique results with using MseІ enzyme revealed genotype І. Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis revealed DNA of all samples were closely related to Toxoplasma type І.Conclusions: Concerning to highseropositivityrate of toxoplasmosis in studied region, undertaking an appropriate preventive program for reducing the prevalence of T. gondii infection by raw or undercooked meat consumption of livestock recommended. Our study supports the notion that consumption of raw and undercooked meat of these animals can be a probable source of human toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats from Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Bahreh ◽  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Gilda Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
One Year ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Objective Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, infects humans by consuming infected raw or undercooked meat and foods harboring mature oocysts. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats coming from central Iran. After completing the questionnaire, about one gram of liver or diaphragm tissue was taken as a sample from 90 sheep and 90 goats slaughtered in Yazd Province and stored at – 20 ºC. DNA extraction was done, and then T. gondii was detected using nested PCR. Results This study indicated that the prevalence of T. gondii in all slaughtered animals was 11.6% (21 of 180), including 14.4% (13/90) in sheep and 8.8% (8/90) in goats. The infection rates in liver and diaphragm samples were 12.2% (11/90) and 11.1% (10/90), respectively (p = 0.8163). The infection rate in animals older than one was 16.3% (15/92), and it was 6.8% (6/88) in animals under one year of age. Therefore, no significant differences were found (p = 0.475). Infection rates were 19.5% (18/92) in males and 3.4% (3/88) in females (p = 0.0007). In conclusion, the infection rates of toxoplasmosis in livestock in this area are almost high, and therefore, it is necessary to design appropriate prevention programs to control the disease.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in cerebrospinal fluid from AIDS patients by nested PCR and rapid identification of type I allele at B1 gene by RFLP analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenisey Alfonso ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
Narciso Jiménez ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Alberto J. Dorta-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
B1 Gene

scholarly journals Outbreak of caprine abortion by Toxoplasma gondii in Midwest Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Bravim Caldeira ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Ubiali ◽  
Isabela de Godoy ◽  
Valéria Dutra ◽  
Daniel Moura de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
Gross Lesions

An outbreak of abortion by Toxoplasma gondii in goats on a farm in the Brazilian Midwest is reported. Gross lesions were not observed in seven aborted fetuses submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso, for necropsy investigation. The main histologic lesions were mononuclear cell pneumonia and necrotizing encephalitis in varying degrees of intensity. PCR for Brucella abortus and Neospora caninum and aerobic cultures were negative in all cases. Antibody titles against T. gondii varying from 1:1024 to 1:32.768 were detected in serum samples from four aborted goats. Nested-PCR assay for T. gondii were positive in brain samples of all cases submitted. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection should be considered in the diagnosis of abortion in goats in Midwest Brazil.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant Antigens in the Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Domestic and Farm Animals

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ferra ◽  
Lucyna Holec-Gąsior ◽  
Weronika Grąźlewska
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
High Price ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, and is a parasitic disease that occurs in all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases of animals and results in reproductive losses. Toxoplasmosis in humans is usually caused by eating raw or undercooked meat or consuming dairy products containing the parasite. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is currently based on serological assays using native antigens to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies. Due to the high price, the available commercial agglutination assays are not suited to test a large number of animal serum samples. The recent development of proteomics elucidated the antigenic structure of T. gondii and enabled the development of various recombinant antigens that can be used in new, cheaper, and more effective diagnostic tools. Continuous development of scientific disciplines, such as molecular biology and genetic engineering, allows for the production of new recombinant antigens and provides the basis for new diagnostic tests for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies in animal serum samples.

Molecular detection of the B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii in blood samples of female sheep and goats in Tebessa, northeastern Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 101530
Author(s):  
Nassima Ait Issad ◽  
Khaled Abdelouahed ◽  
Salim Bekhouche ◽  
Racha Boubeuker ◽  
Haiet Hamoudi Adjmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Northeastern Algeria

scholarly journals Nested PCR methods for detection Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Ryan Halleyantoro ◽  
Yunilda Andriyani ◽  
Ika Puspa Sari ◽  
Agnes Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxoplasma Encephalitis ◽  
B1 Gene

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by infection of Toxoplasma gondii, Which may cause a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised patients, for example, Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). It is challenging to diagnose Toxoplasma as a cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in HIV patient, so we need an alternative method, which is a PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene.Objective: This research aimed to find association between PCR methods for Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene and anti-Toxoplasma IgG from cerebral spinal fluid patient HIV AIDS.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of HIV patients with neurological symptoms to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection using nested PCR methods for the B1 gene and detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG.Results: 88 CSF samples from HIV patients tested using nested PCR showed 23 samples (26,1%) were positive. Serologic test for IgG Toxoplasma showed 34 samples were positive (28,6%). There was a significant correlation (p=0.000(<0.05) between PCR result and a serologic test for IgG Toxoplasma.Conclusion: Nested PCR methods to detect B1 gene increased the accuracy of diagnosis for toxoplasma encephalitis.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Gurltia paralysans by Semi-Nested PCR in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Samples from Domestic Cats (Felis catus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy López-Contreras ◽  
Lisbeth Rojas-Barón ◽  
Marcelo Gómez ◽  
Francisco Morera ◽  
Paulina Sepúlveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples

Gurltia paralysans is an angio-neurotropic metastrongyloid nematode that infects domestic and wild cats, invading the veins of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord and mainly causing progressive paralysis of the pelvic limbs. The definitive diagnosis of feline gurltiosis can only be achieved by post-mortem examination that reveals the presence of the nematode in the spinal cord vein vasculature. An early diagnosis with conclusive results is required since laboratory and imaging findings are not sufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect the presence of G. paralysans, via semi-nested PCR, in samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the sera of domestic cats naturally infected with the parasite. A total of 12 cats with a diagnosis suggestive of feline gurltiosis were selected, and they underwent a complete neurological and imaging examination. DNA samples were analysed by semi-nested PCR, with universal (AaGp28Sa1/AaGp28Ss1) and specific (Gp28Sa3/Aa28Ss2) primers, for G. paralysans (G. paralysans 18S rRNA gene, partial sequence; ITS 1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS 2, complete sequence; and 28S rRNA gene, partial sequence) and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, obtaining amplifications of 356 and 300 bp, which indicated the presence or absence of nematode DNA, respectively. The presence of G. paralysans was detected in the CSF of four out of nine cats, and the sera of seven out of seven cats. In the sera analysis of five out of seven cats, a mixed infection with A. abstrusus was found, despite no alterations of the respiratory tract being observed during the necropsies. It is proposed that serum samples could be more effective than CSF in detecting the parasite by PCR analysis. Sequencing analysis showed high percentages of identity with G. paralysans, which indicated the feasibility of detection and the sensitivity/specificity of the method used, suggesting the implementation of semi-nested PCR as a routine diagnostic test for early and timely detection of feline gurltiosis.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat livers: Risks for human consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BAHRAMI ◽  
M. ZAREI ◽  
M. GHORBANPOUR ◽  
S. KARAMI
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical transmission during pregnancy, humans can become infected post-natally either by oral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or through ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via liver consumption by estimating the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered sheep and goats in Iran. In the present study, livers from 150 sheep and 150 goats were collected at slaughter. In- house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed in T. gondii liver juice. Parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out on all samples obtained from liver tissues. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected by in-house ELISA in 32.6% sheep and 48% goat livers and 8% and 11.3% of sheep and goat livers were positive for the presence of T. gondii DNA, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats livers and imply an important human health and hygienic risk associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked liver from these animal species.

scholarly journals Investigating Potential Sources of Toxoplasmosis for Humans From Slaughtered Food Animals in Ibadan, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Ayinmode ◽  
J. O. Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Undercooked Meat ◽  
Infectious Source ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract The consumption of undercooked meat by humans is a potential infectious source for Toxoplasmosis. This study was aimed at finding potential infectious sources of Toxoplasma gondii for humans by investigating the seroprevalence of T. gondii in animals slaughtered in the Ibadan municipal abattoir. Serum samples from 1337 slaughtered animals (477 cattle, 267 sheep, 139 goats, and 454 pigs) were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Serological studies using the ELISA method demonstrated the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as 38.9%, 1.9%, 3.6% and 45.2%, respectively. Univariate statistical analysis detected an association between T. gondii seropositivity and sheep, goat and sex (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression model, only sheep, goats and pigs had an association with T. gondii seropositivity, while sex was a confounding factor. The detection of varying levels of antibodies to T. gondii infection in these food animals highlights their potential as a source of T. gondii for humans. Efforts should, therefore be directed at preventing the infection during the production and the processing of meat for food.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in the Native Slaughtered Cattle of Tehran Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
A. Dalimi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Undercooked Meat ◽  
Gra6 Gene

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a common parasitic disease, affecting almost one-third of the world’s population. It is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts excreted by cats and the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from ruminants. This study aimed at molecular characterization of T. gondii in native cattle from West of Tehran, Iran. Methods: A total of 180 samples were collected from the cattle diaphragms (n=80) and heart muscles (n=100) from multiple slaughterhouses. The nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was carried out to amplify the GRA6 gene of T. gondii. The PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymerase (PCR-RFLP) assay was also performed on positive samples, using Tru1I (MseI) restriction enzyme. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (v.15.0). Results: T. gondii was found in 38 out of 180 (21.1%) samples. The infection rate in heart muscle samples (16.66%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the diaphragm samples (4.44%). The PCR-RFLP pattern by MseI enzyme showed that 13 (7.22%) samples were genotype II, while 25 (13.88%) were genotype III, having statistically meaningful difference (p<0.05). No genotype I was found in the studied isolates. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the frequency of T. gondii was high in the study area. Therefore, educational programs need to be implemented in order to inform people about the risks of raw or undercooked meat consumption.

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