scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis in Colombia; Findings from Histopathological, Microbiological and Molecular Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Palomino Cadavid ◽  
Dubel Ignacio Balvin ◽  
Jhon Ruiz Buitrago ◽  
Rafael Villarreal Julio ◽  
Enderson Murillo Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions

Abstract Tuberculosis is a zoonotic infectious disease, caused by bacteria of the tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), and it can also infect other domestic animals, wild fauna, and humans. The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through intradermal injections is challenging, and to understand the behaviour of other diagnostic tests is crucial. The aim of this research is to analyse three diagnostic tests against bTB in water buffaloes with positive test DPP. Different diagnostic tests were tested in 50 buffaloes diagnosed with bTB Cervical Comparative Test, from the Colombian lower tropic. Lesions compatible with bTB in 26 buffaloes with a positive DPP ; Four out of 2 samples of Mycobacterium bovis in DPP-positive buffaloes were isolated and confirmed positively in tissues using PCR-HRM, three buffaloes showed granulomatous lesions in histological analyses with positive microbiological isolation; 17 DPP-positive buffaloes had a positive PCR-HRM test and nine of these buffaloes showed no histological findings compatible with bTB, leading to purely molecular diagnosis. Evidence in histological, microbiological, and molecular findings in DPP is positive for the water buffaloes. None of the complementary tests showed 100% concordance with the intradermal results obtained with the Cervical Comparative Test for bTB.

scholarly journals Influence of the incubation conditions on culture media to optimize primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Cássia Yumi Ikuta ◽  
Flávia Morato ◽  
Gisele Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The isolation of Mycobacterium bovis is critical to a surveillance system for bovine tuberculosis based on detection of lesions in abattoirs. Thus, four solid culture media and three incubation conditions were investigated to elucidate which combination overcomes the others by assessing growth, time to the first appearance of colonies and their number. Ninety-seven samples of granulomatous lesions were submitted to the decontamination procedure by 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride at 0.75% w/v, and inoculated on two egg-based media, Stonebrink’s (ST) and Löwenstein-Jensen’s with sodium pyruvate (LJp), and two agar-based media, tuberculosis blood agar (B83) and Middlebrook 7H11 medium (7H11). Each medium was incubated at 37°C for 90 days in three incubation conditions: in air, in air containing 10% carbon dioxide (CO2), and in air in slopes closed with burned hydrophobic cotton and subsequently plugged with a cork to create a microaerophilic atmosphere. The colonies appeared faster and in higher number when incubated in air containing 10% CO2 (p < 0.01), independent of media. B83 showed a faster growth and detected more isolates at 30 days of incubation, when compared to ST (0.0178), LJp (p < 0.0001) and 7H11 (p < 0.0001), though there was no difference between B83, ST and LJp at 60 and 90 days of incubation. 7H11 presented the lowest number of isolates (p < 0.0001) and a longer period for the appearance of the first colony (p < 0.001). According to our findings, the concomitant use of ST and B83 media incubated in air containing 10% CO2 increases the isolation of M. bovis in a shorter period of time, which improves bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Baixo Araguari Region, Amapá, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Silvia Minharro ◽  
Cristiane De Morais Alves ◽  
Pedro Moacyr Pinto Coelho Mota ◽  
Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles ◽  
Andréa Padilha de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
River Region

Water buffalo are of great economic importance in Brazilian Amazonia, which has the largest herd in Brazil. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic disease that results in severe losses to water buffalo production. Although the disease has already been described in the country, data on the occurrence and distribution of bovine tuberculosis in water buffalo in Brazil is very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bovine tuberculosis in water buffalo in the Baixo Araguari River region of Amapá, Brazil. Thirty herds, randomly selected from the 41 herds of water buffalo in the region, were sampled. From those herds, 212 randomly selected water buffalo were subjected to the comparative tuberculin skin test. The proportion of Baixo Araguari River region herds that were positive for bovine tuberculosis was 50.0% (95% CI 31.3% to 68.7%) and the proportion of animals that were positive was estimated to be 14.8% (95% CI 7.8% to 21.9%). Our results show that bovine tuberculosis is spread widely among water buffalo in the Baixo Araguari River region, which suggests that measures to control the disease should be undertaken in the region.

scholarly journals A Defined Antigen Skin Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Domestic Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Mahavir Singh ◽  
Babu Lal Jangir ◽  
Devan Arora ◽  
Sreenidhi Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Buffaloes

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains endemic in domestic water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India and elsewhere, with limited options for control other than testing and slaughter. The prescribed tuberculin skin tests with purified protein derivative (PPD) for diagnosis of bTB preclude the use of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based vaccination because of the antigenic cross-reactivity of vaccine strains with Mycobacterium bovis and related pathogenic members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). For the diagnosis of bTB in domestic water buffaloes, we here assessed a recently described defined-antigen skin test (DST) that comprises overlapping peptides representing the ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c antigens, present in disease-causing members of the MTBC but missing in BCG strains. The performance characteristics of three doses (5, 10 or 20 μg/peptide) of the DST were assessed in natural tuberculin skin test reactor (n = 11) and non-reactor (n = 35) water buffaloes at an organized dairy farm in Hisar, India, and results were compared with the single intradermal skin test (SIT) using standard bovine tuberculin (PPD-B). The results showed a dose-dependent response of DST in natural reactor water buffaloes, although the SIT induced a significantly greater (P &lt; 0.001) skin test response than the highest dose of DST used. However, using a cut-off of 2 mm or greater, the 5, 10, and 20 μg DST cocktail correctly classified eight, 10 and all 11 of the SIT-positive reactors, respectively, suggesting that the 20 μg DST cocktail has a diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.72–1.0) identical to that of the SIT. Importantly, none of the tested DST doses induced any measurable skin induration responses in the 35 SIT-negative animals, suggesting a specificity point estimate of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.9–1.0), also identical to that of the SIT and compares favorably with that of the comparative cervical test (Se = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.55–0.98). Overall, the results suggest that similar to tuberculin, the DST enables sensitive and specific diagnosis of bTB in water buffaloes. Future field trials to explore the utility of DST as a defined antigen replacement for tuberculin in routine surveillance programs and to enable BCG vaccination of water buffaloes are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Coinfection by fasciola hepatica and mycobacterium bovis on Bovine Tuberculosis Immunodiagnosis in an Enzootic Area Hidalgo State, Mexico.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
García-López Xitli ◽  
Jaramillo-Meza Laura ◽  
Quiroz-Romero Héctor ◽  
Arriaga-Díaz Camila ◽  
Martínez-Maya J. Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Enzootic Area ◽  
Group 1

Parasitic infection by the Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) promotes susceptibility towards other infections, such as Mycobacterium bovis. As consequence, could affect diagnostic tests for this disease. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of F. hepatica coinfection on the most commonly used immunodiagnostic bovine tuberculosis (bTB) tests in field conditions in an enzootic area for both diseases. Thus, from a dairy herd located in Hidalgo State, México, displaying a 59.2% and 28% prevalence of fascioliasis and bTB, respectively. Sixty-one cows were analyzed based on their response towards bTB immunodiagnostic tests, such as Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Test (SICTT), gamma-interferon test (BOVIGAM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), along with the assessment of the F. hepatica parasite load and serodiagnosis by ELISA. Three study groups were formed according to test results. Group 1: coinfected (n=22). Group 2: non-parasitized cows, and positive for bTB tests (n=13) and Group 3: parasitized cows without tuberculosis (n=26). In addition, a group of cows kept in fascioliasis - and tuberculosis-free zones were included (Group 4, n=10). A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and a Dunn test were applied to analyze the results. In Group 1, significant differences were observed regarding IFN-γ production, but not for antibody levels to M. bovis or reactivity towards bovine PPD in relation Group 2. While, Groups 1 and 3 did not display difference in antibody levels against F. hepatica. Differences were observed regarding tuberculosis and Fasciola diagnostic tests when both coinfected and infected groups were compared to controls. It is concluded that F. hepatica coinfection in tuberculous animals studied, depressed the production of IFN-γ towards bovine PPD under in vitro conditions, but its reactivity to the SICTT not show to be altered.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With the Presence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Macroscopic Lesions Suspected as Being Caused by Bovine Tuberculosis Detected in Slaughterhouses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Gomes Barcelos ◽  
Tais Ramalho dos Anjos ◽  
Leila Auxiliadora de Arruda Alencar ◽  
Maria Júlia Sudária de Freitas ◽  
Mariano Martinez Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Molecular Tests

Abstract Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.

scholarly journals The Effect ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Infections on RoutineMycobacterium bovisDiagnostic Tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Barry ◽  
David Corbett ◽  
Douwe Bakker ◽  
Peter Andersen ◽  
Jim McNair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Infected Cattle

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is diagnosed in naturally infected populations exposed to a wide variety of other pathogens. This study describes the cell-mediated immune responses of cattle exposed toMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(Map) andMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesaviumwith particular reference to routine antefmortemMycobacterium bovisdiagnostic tests. The IFN-γreleased in response to stimulated blood was found to peak later in the Map-exposed group and was more sustained when compared to the Maa-exposed group. There was a very close correlation between the responses to the purified protein derivatives (PPD) used for stimulation (PPDa, PPDb, and PPDj) with PPDa and PPDj most closely correlated. On occasion, in the Map-infected cattle, PPDb-biased responses were seen compared to PPDa suggesting that some Map-infected cattle could be misclassified asM. bovisinfected using this test with these reagents. This bias was not seen when PPDj was used. SICCT results were consistent with the respective infections and all calves would have been classed skin test negative.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium microti Interferes with Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Lorraine Michelet ◽  
Krystel de Cruz ◽  
Jennifer Tambosco ◽  
Sylvie Hénault ◽  
Maria Laura Boschiroli
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mycobacterium Microti

Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, was originally described as the cause of tuberculosis in wild rodents. However, in the last few years, an increasing number of cases have been reported in wildlife (wild boars and badgers) and livestock (goat and cattle) in the frame of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance program, demonstrating the risk of interference with bTB diagnosis in France. In 2019, we detected four cattle infected with M.microti, from three different herds in three different distant regions. For all these cases, ante-mortem diagnosis by the skin test (single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT)) was positive. Confirmation of M.microti infection was based on molecular tests, i.e., specific real-time PCR and spoligotyping. These results highlight a non-negligible risk of interference in the bTB diagnosis system and raise concern about the reliability of diagnostic tests used for bTB surveillance. The use of highly specific tests, like the interferon gamma test (IFN-γ) employed in France or new synthetic specific tuberculins for skin testing could alternatively be used to accurately identify M.bovis (or Mycobacterium caprae) infection at ante-mortem examination. At post-mortem diagnosis, the use of specific molecular tools should be considered to accurately distinguish pathogens within the MTBC and to avoid misleading bTB diagnosis.

scholarly journals Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in South African Wildlife

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netanya Bernitz ◽  
Tanya J. Kerr ◽  
Wynand J. Goosen ◽  
Josephine Chileshe ◽  
Roxanne L. Higgitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
And Control

Wildlife tuberculosis is a major economic and conservation concern globally. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is the most common form of wildlife tuberculosis. In South Africa, to date, M. bovis infection has been detected in 24 mammalian wildlife species. The identification of M. bovis infection in wildlife species is essential to limit the spread and to control the disease in these populations, sympatric wildlife species and neighboring livestock. The detection of M. bovis-infected individuals is challenging as only severely diseased animals show clinical disease manifestations and diagnostic tools to identify infection are limited. The emergence of novel reagents and technologies to identify M. bovis infection in wildlife species are instrumental in improving the diagnosis and control of bTB. This review provides an update on the diagnostic tools to detect M. bovis infection in South African wildlife but may be a useful guide for other wildlife species.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Antelopes in a Zoo in Poland – Problem of Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Krajewska ◽  
Michał Załuski ◽  
Anna Zabost ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
In Captivity

Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.

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