scholarly journals Assessment of Morphological Mutations and Genetic Components in MMS and EMS Induced Chilli Cultivars, NS 1101 and NS 1701DG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAZARUL HASAN ◽  
Sana Choudhary ◽  
Mehjabeen Jahan ◽  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Neha Naaz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chilli Plant ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Crop Germplasm

Abstract A change in the genetic makeup of a plant is an essential prerequisite for the breeding programs and induce mutagenesis is an important approach to create the variations within crop germplasm. The main objective of this study is to find the mutants in chemically treated M2 chilli plant populations. Since, mutagenesis in chilli plants was induced through EMS and Cd to increase the genetic variability that results in thirteen mutant plants at M2 generation from the genetic background of chilli varieties NS 1101 and NS 1701 DG, respectively. Most of the mutant phenotypes observed felled within qualitative and quantitative characteristics the seven major categories including plant height, leaf shape, leaf color, branch, and flower color, fruits, 1000 seed weight, yield, and root length. The inter-population differences were carried out through analysis of variance of quantitative traits of chemically treated chilli populations. Results reflect increased mean value in quantitative traits that could validate the improvement over the parental lines. Fruit number and seed weight were the main priority traits in the selection of high yield plants and these quantitative traits have a strong association with the yield of the plant. Genetic variability induced by chemical mutagens in chilli can integrate into further chilli breeding programs as new crop germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Mutants selected from 0.2% treated chilli populations can be used to develop an efficient and fast crop variety of chilli with desirable traits. The present study about the genetic variability induced by chemical mutagenesis provides more opportunities to bring diversity in the genetic makeup of chilli plant for improvement of the desirable traits.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Studies in MAGIC Population of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Based on Mahalanobis D2 Distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Bidush Ranjan Swar ◽  
V. Swarnalatha ◽  
M. Rajendar Reddy ◽  
S. Vanisree
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soybean MAGIC lines are highly variable breeding material which utilizes both recent and historic genetic recombination events. Present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity present among 95 soybean MAGIC lines along with six checks for 10 different quantitative traits. All the genotypes were grouped into 16 clusters by performing Tocher’s clustering method using Mahalanobis D2 distance. Cluster I was the largest comprising of 30 genotypes followed by cluster II (23 genotypes), cluster X (15 genotypes) and cluster IX (9 genotypes). The maximum genetic distance (D2) was observed between cluster XI and XV (168.37) followed by cluster III and XV (164.3), cluster X and XV (149.64) as well as between cluster XII and cluster XVI (145.99). The cluster mean for most of the traits were high in cluster I and cluster XVI. Oil content contributed maximum (23.86%) towards total genetic diversity followed by number of pods plant-1 (18.97%), seed yield plant-1 (18.63%), 100 seed weight (11.05%) and number of branches plant-1 (10.16%) traits. The soybean MAGIC lines belong to the cluster XI (6-120) and cluster XV (6-30, 6-31, 6-5) were found to be the most divergent hence can be utilised in the recombination breeding programs to exploit maximum heterosis.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Meneses Sayd ◽  
Renato Fernando Amabile ◽  
Fabio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Graciele Bellon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in quantitative traits of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Slađan Stanković ◽  
Slobodanka Pavlović ◽  
Slobodan Krnjajić ◽  
Vera Popović
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Seed Yields

The field pea is very important when it comes to the nutrition of domestic animals, due to a high content of proteins in its grains and aboveground biomass. The aim of this study was to examine genetic variability in quantitative traits of newly created field pea hybrids. The researchers studied two cultivars, one line and their F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub> hybrids. The following quantitative traits were analysed: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. The largest number of pods per plant was recorded for the Baccara × L-CC line hybrid, with a statistically significantly larger (P &lt; 0.01) number of pods per plant than all the other investigated genotypes, lines and hybrids. L-CC line × Baccara, and Saša × L-CC line had a significantly larger (P &lt; 0.05) number of grains per pod. The smallest number of grains per pod was recorded for the Saša and Baccara × Saša hybrid. The genotype vs. year interaction had a significant (P &lt; 0.05) influence on 1000 seed weight. Significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) 1000 seed weight was recorded for the Baccara genotype, when compared with all other investigated genotypes, lines and hybrids. The lowest 1000 seed weight was recorded for the L-CC line. The genotype × year interaction had a significant influence on the seed yield of field pea. During this research, high seed yields were achieved by the Baccara genotype and Baccara × L-CC line and Baccara × Saša hybrids.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Heliconiaceae species in the Central West Brazil region

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Cintia Graciele Da Silva ◽  
Edneia Zullian Dalbosco ◽  
Petterson Baptista Da Luz ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Vivian Loges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Inflorescence Length

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological traits and estimate genetic divergence and parameters between accessions of the genus Heliconia sp. from different municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A set of 25 traits, 15 quantitative and 10 qualitative were evaluated. The genetic divergence was estimated based on Mahalanobis' distance, with the clustering methods known as Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genetic variability was observed for all assessed quantitative traits and the accessions were grouped in different classes. The traits with highest relative contribution to variability were longevity of flower stems and inflorescence length. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among accessions of the Heliconiasp. germplasm bank, which can be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bassett ◽  
Kelvin Kamfwa ◽  
Daniel Ambachew ◽  
Karen Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
White Bean ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
End Use

Abstract Key message Cooked bean flavor and texture vary within and across 20 Andean seed types; SNPs are significantly associated with total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Abstract Common dry beans are a nutritious food recognized as a staple globally, but their consumption is low in the USA. Improving bean flavor and texture through breeding has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and suitability for new end-use products. Little is known about genetic variability and inheritance of bean sensory characteristics. A total of 430 genotypes of the Andean Diversity Panel representing twenty seed types were grown in three locations, and cooked seeds were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for flavor and texture attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Extensive variation in sensory attributes was found across and within seed types. A set of genotypes was identified that exhibit extreme attribute intensities generally stable across all three environments. seed-coat perception and total flavor intensity had the highest broad-sense heritability (0.39 and 0.38, respectively), while earthy and vegetative intensities exhibited the lowest (0.14 and 0.15, respectively). Starchy and sweet flavors were positively correlated and highest in white bean genotypes according to principal component analysis. SNPs associated with total flavor intensity (six SNPs across three chromosomes), beany (five SNPs across four chromosomes), earthy (three SNPs across two chromosomes), starchy (one SNP), bitter (one SNP), seed-coat perception (three SNPs across two chromosomes), and cotyledon texture (two SNPs across two chromosomes) were detected. These findings lay a foundation for incorporating flavor and texture in breeding programs for the development of new varieties that entice growers, consumers, and product developers alike.

Assessment of Genetic Variability and Relationship between Different Quantitative Traits in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense) Germplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Pratap ◽  
Vijay Sharma ◽  
Kamaluddin . ◽  
Gaurav Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Biological Yield

Background: Assessment of genetic variability and inter-relationship between the characters can be used in the breeding programme to evolve new varieties with wide genetic diversity to maximize the yield potential in crop improvement programmes. Eighty-four field pea genotypes were evaluated in an augmented block design for thirteen quantitative traits to study variance components, heritability, genetic advance and inter-relationship between the yield and yield contributing traits. Methods: The extent of phenotypic and genotypic variation that exist in a character was calculated by the formula suggested by Burton and de Vane (1953). Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as per cent of mean for each character was computed using the formula suggested by Hanson et al. (1956) and Johnson et al. (1955), respectively. Correlation coefficient was calculated by method suggested by Searle (1961) and path coefficient analysis done as per method of Wright (1921) and elaborated by Dewey and Lu (1959).Result: Significant differences observed among the genotypes tested for the yield characters indicated the presence of variability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the traits viz., plant height, effective pods plant-1, harvest index and seed yield plant-1 were governed by additive gene effects which will aid in effective selection. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield plant-1 had highly significant and positive correlation with biological yield plant-1, effective pods plant-1, harvest index, seeds pods-1 and effective nodes plant-1, indicating that these traits are strongly associated with seed yield in field pea. Path coefficient analysis identified biological yield plant-1 followed by harvest index, seed pod-1, effective nodes plant-1, 100-seed weight and day to 50% flowering as highly desirable components with great direct effects on seed yield. 

scholarly journals Mutagenic effect of EMS and DES on Tenai (Setaria italica) in M1 generation

1970 ◽  
pp. 06-08
Author(s):  
I. Anittha, L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Mutation breeding gives better results for crop improvement through genetic manipulations when compared  to  other conventional breeding techniques. The present work focused in order to find out the effect of chemical mutagens; EMS and DES on Setaria italica in M1 generation. The seeds of Tenai, variety CO(Te)7 treated with different concentration of EMS and DES. The LD50 was observed at 30mM in EMS and 40mM in DES. Selection studies were conducted to improve the yield and to generate genetic variability in different quantitative traits such as days to first bloom, plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, length and breadth of ear head, 1000 seed weight and yield per plant. The results revealed that, all the parameters were decreased with increasing concentration in both EMS and DES, while days to first bloom was increasing with increasing concentration. According to the result all the parameters  studied  shows a negative direction towards crop improvement in M1 generation because of the stress caused by mutagenic treatment.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of sucrose concentration in soybean seeds using a historical soybean genomic panel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ficht ◽  
Robert W. Bruce ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Christopher Grainger ◽  
Milad Eskandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is a crop of global importance for both human and animal consumption, which was domesticated in China more than 6000 years ago. A concern about losing genetic diversity as a result of decades of breeding has been expressed by soybean researchers. In order to develop new cultivars, it is critical for breeders to understand the genetic variability present for traits of interest in their program germplasm. Sucrose concentration is becoming an increasingly important trait for the production of soy-food products. The objective of this study was to use a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify putative QTL for sucrose concentration in soybean seed. A GWAS panel consisting of 266 historic and current soybean accessions was genotyped with 76k genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) SNP data and phenotyped in four field locations in Ontario (Canada) from 2015 to 2017. Seven putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14. A key gene related to sucrose synthase (Glyma.06g182700) was found to be associated with the QTL found on chromosome 6. This information will facilitate efforts to increase the available genetic variability for sucrose concentration in soybean breeding programs and develop new and improved high-sucrose soybean cultivars suitable for the soy-food industry.

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