Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

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Variations in agronomic traits of Soybean genotypes

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v12i2.21921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 90-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MSA Khan ◽

MA Karim ◽

MM Haque ◽

AJMS Karim ◽

MAK Mian

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Morphological Similarity ◽

Experimental Site ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Clustering Pattern ◽

High Degree ◽

Selection Of

The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Agronomy Department of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during January to June 2010 to evaluate some important agronomic traits of one hundred and fifteen genotypes of soybean to screen out high yielding soybean genotypes. Considerable genetic variability was observed in the 115 germplasm. Depending on the variability in quantitative traits, the genotypes were grouped in six clusters. The genotypes which have greater morphological similarity were grouped in clusters. The results indicated the presence of high degree of divergence in the genotypes. The clustering pattern of the 115 soybean genotypes in six groups and their inter-group distances revealed that genotypes in Cluster III comprised of BARI Soybean 5, G00083, BARI Soybean 6, G00342, BD 2338, BD 2355, BD 2329, BD 2340, AGS 95, G00056, AGS 129, BD 2336, BGH 02026, BGM 02093, Galarsum, BD 2350, G00084, BD 2331, G00103 indicated better performance which could be marked for the selection of yield potential genotypes through further evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21921 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 90-100 (2014)

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Parental selection of wheat lines based on phenotypic characterization and genetic diversity

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332013000100006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alice Casassola ◽

Sandra Patussi Brammer ◽

Márcia Soares Chaves ◽

Paula Wiethölter ◽

Eduardo Caierão

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Average Distance ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Parental Selection ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Selection Of

Parental selection is an important step in breeding programs, and genetic variability increases the chances of obtaining variance in progenies. The objectives of this study were to phenotype 29 wheat genotypes and determine the genetic variability among them, in order to identify potential parental lines for breeding programs at Embrapa Wheat. For phenotyping, traits such as plant height, cycle and grains characteristics were assessed and the data were analyzed by the Euclidean distance. The genetic distance was estimated using 97 microsatellite molecular markers and the data were analyzed by Nei72 coefficient. The average distance observed for phenotyping was 10.1, and the genetic distance was 31 %. SSR markers were efficient for selecting genetically diverse genotypes despite their phenotypic similarity, and lines PF 9027, PF 950351, PF 030132, PF 979002, PF 040488 and IWT 04019 can be used as parental for future crosses, since they have genetic diversity and suitable agronomic traits.

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Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8247

Author(s):

Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽

Christos Noulas ◽

Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽

Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽

Evangelia Tigka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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Susceptibility of almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars to twig canker and shoot blight caused by Diaporthe amygdali

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-21-1875-re ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Beluzán ◽

Xavier Miarnau ◽

Laura Torguet ◽

Lourdes Zazurca ◽

Paloma Abad-Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Field Tests ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Shoot Blight ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA ‘GF-677’ rootstock were used in four-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both type of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars both in laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all the evaluated cultivars to all the inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found relevant variables to explain cultivars performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming, and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and additionally in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.

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Genetic variability, principal component and cluster analyses in black gram under Foot-hills conditions of Manipur

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3875 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

M. Samuel Jeberson ◽

K. S. Shashidhar ◽

Amit Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Eigen Values ◽

Correlation And Path Analysis ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Selection Of

Analysis of genetic variability, heritability, correlation, path analysis, principal component and cluster analysis was carried for 25 blackgram genotypes grown in the foothills of Manipur. The results showed that phenotypic coefficients of variability recorded were higher than the genotypic coefficients of variability, irrespective of traits, demonstrating the effect of environment thereon. The present study revealed that the heritability (bs) estimates were maximum (>50%) for the traits such as days taken to attain the 50% flowering, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and 100 seed weight. The correlation and path analysis proved the selection of the yield attributes in blackgram based on the characters, viz., number of pods/plant and number of cluster/plants. The first three principal components, having the Eigen values more than 1, contributed 84.52% towards variability among the 25 genotypes screened for quantitative traits. Based on the average linkage, 25 genotypes were grouped into five (5) clusters.

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Selection of powdery mildew resistant and susceptible grapevine genotypes with molecular markers

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/27/3110 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 100-104

Author(s):

Stella Molnár ◽

Zsuzsanna Galbács ◽

Gábor Halász ◽

Sarolta Hoffmann ◽

Anikó Veres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Marker Assisted Selection ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Muscadinia Rotundifolia ◽

Selection Of ◽

Grape Breeding

Incorporation of competitive quality and resistance against the most important fungal diseases (powdery and downy mildew) in a cultivar is one of the most important aims of grapevine breeding. In the 20th century, the most advanced results in grapevine resistance breeding were achieved by French researchers. They used resistant cultivars in more than 30% of their growing areas. In these varieties, North American wild Vitisspecies were the resistance gene sources. The discovery of immunity-like resistance of Muscadinia rotundifolia opened new perspectives in resistance breeding. M. rotundifolia harbours a dominant powdery mildew gene, providing resistance in highquality cultivars after back-crosses with V. vinifera varieties. M. rotundifolia has been involved in the Hungarian grape breeding programs since 1996, thanks to a French-Hungarian variety exchange. In addition to traditional selection methods, application of MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) based on various types ofmolecular markers, can provide additional tools for these efforts. Run1 locus, responsible for powdery mildew resistance, was identified in Muscadinia rotundifolia. Molecular markers closely linked to this locus are very significant in screening progenies deriving from M. rotundifolia and V. vinifera crosses, making possible the discrimination between resistant and susceptible genotypes at DNA level. In our analyses BC5 progeny of {(M. rotundifola×V. vinifera) BC4}×Cardinal (V. vinifera) tested for powdery symptoms were analysed with PCR-RFLP (GLP1- 12P1P3) and microsatellite markers (VMC4f3.1, VMC8g9). Our results proved the applicability of the linked markers and reliability of marker assisted selection.

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Evaluation and Pre-selection of New Grapevine Genotypes Resistant to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Obtained by Cross-Breeding Programs in Spain

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.674510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Leonor Ruiz-García ◽

Pilar Gago ◽

Celia Martínez-Mora ◽

José Luis Santiago ◽

Diego J. Fernádez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Selection Process ◽

Sequence Repeat ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Phenotypic Resistance ◽

Simple Sequence ◽

Selection Of

The need to develop an environmentally friendly, sustainable viticulture model has led to numerous grapevine improvement programmes aiming to increase resistance to downy and powdery mildew. The success of such programmes relies on the availability of protocols that can quantify the resistance/susceptibility of new genotypes, and on the existence of molecular markers of resistance loci that can aid in the selection process. The present work assesses the degree of phenotypic resistance/susceptibility to downy and powdery mildew of 28 new genotypes obtained from crosses between “Monastrell” and “Regent.” Three genotypes showed strong combined resistance, making them good candidates for future crosses with other sources of resistance to these diseases (pyramiding). In general, laboratory and glasshouse assessments of resistance at the phenotype level agreed with the resistance expected from the presence of resistance-associated alleles of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the loci Rpv3 and Ren3 (inherited from “Regent”), confirming their usefulness as indicators of likely resistance to downy and powdery mildew, respectively, particularly so for downy mildew.

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Direct selection for phenotypic traits in carrot genotypes

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 354-358

Author(s):

Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽

Giovani O da Silva ◽

Gabriel E Pereira

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Abstract Selection ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Selection of more productive carrot genotypes is fundamental for crop breeding programs aiming to increase productivity and reduce cost production. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate gains from direct selection and to measure its effects on other agronomic traits of interest in carrots. Thirty six carrot genotypes were evaluated in two experiments: the first, sown in the second half of November 2016 and the second one in the first week of March 2017. The experimental plots covered a useful area of 1.5 m2, in transversal rows and 0.10-m double spacing between single rows x 0.20-m between double rows in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. At 90 days, the incidence of leaf blight was evaluated using a note scale and 100 days after sowing, roots were harvested measuring the number and mass of total, commercial and non-commercial roots of each plot. The direct selection of commercial root mass allowed to estimate indirect and expressive gains for most evaluated traits, allowing to select seven genotypes (populations 758, 751, 737, 736, 735, 744 and 742) which can be released as cultivar or for the formation of a broader genetic-based population.

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Genetic divergence analysis among barley genotypes using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism markers (IRAP)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-286 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (06) ◽

Author(s):

A. Elframawy ◽

R. EL-Bakatoushi

Keyword(s):

Genome Organization ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Ltr Retrotransposons ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Marker Index ◽

Genetic Tool ◽

Irap Markers ◽

Naked Caryopsis ◽

Barley Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

The genetic diversity among 14 barley accessions was evaluated using seven designed primers based on long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons derived from the barley genome. LTR primers amplified 96 bands of > 100- 1500 bp, of which 84 were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic fragments ranged from 5 (LTR, LTR1 and LTR6150) to 18 (Sukkula) with an average of 9.33. The highest marker index (MI) was observed with the primer Nikita (3.93) and the lowest with the primer LTR2 (1.05), with an average MI of 2.28 per primer. The insertion patterns of retrotransposones have interesting implications for genome organization in Hordeum. The Shannon diversity index with markers obtained on the accessions level was 0.45. Barely accessions are clustered according to their pedigree and caryopsis character (hulled or naked caryopsis). This study demonstrates the efficiency of IRAP markers as a genetic tool for selection of suitable accessions for breeding programs.

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Agronomic evaluation and clonal selection of ginger genotypes (Zingiber officinale Roseoe) in Brazil

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.62454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 275-284

Author(s):

Eleonora Zambrano Blanco ◽

José Baldin Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Clonal Selection ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Selection Of

The analysis of the genetic diversity of ginger based on agronomic traits is essential to know its performance and to design breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variability of 61 accessions of the ginger germplasm collection of the "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture at the University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP) in a complete randomized block design with four replications. An analysis of variance test was performed and genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic variance, environmental variance, genetic-environmental variation ratio (CVg/CVe) and genetic correlations were estimated. There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among the accessions for all the agronomic traits analyzed. The CVg/CVe ratio (>1), along with the high heritability (>80%), showed a significant contribution of genetic factors on the phenotypic expression of plant height, rhizome thickness and yield traits, favoring the clonal selection of genotypes. Accessions Gen-29, Gen-29, Gen-32, Gen-36, Gen-37, Gen-40, Gen-41, Gen-42, Gen-50 were selected due to the best agronomic performance when compared to the rest of the germplasm. The results obtained may be useful in future breeding programs in Brazil.

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