scholarly journals Changes in Health Behaviours in Adults At-Risk of Chronic Disease: Primary Outcomes From The My Health for Life Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charrlotte Seib ◽  
Stephanie Moriarty ◽  
Nicole McDonald ◽  
Debra Anderson ◽  
Joy Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable

Abstract Background Chronic disease is the leading cause of premature death globally, and many of these deaths are preventable by modifying some key behavioural and metabolic risk factors. This secondary data analysis examines changes in health behaviours among men and women at risk of diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in a 6-month lifestyle intervention called the My health for life program. Methods My health for life is a government-funded multi-component program designed to reduce chronic disease risk factors amongst at-risk adults. The intervention comprises six sessions over a 6-month period, delivered by a trained facilitator or telephone health coach. The analysis presented in this paper stems from 9,372 participants who participated in the program between July 2017 and December 2019. Primary outcomes included fruit and vegetable intake, consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and take-away, alcohol and tobacco smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Variables were summed to form a single Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) ranging from 0 to 18, with higher scores denoting healthier behaviours. Longitudinal associations between lifestyle indices, assessed using Gaussian Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models with an identity link and robust standard errors. Results Improvements in HLI scores were noted between baseline (Md = 10.0; IQR = 8.3, 11.7] and 26-weeks (Md = 11.7; IQR = 10.0, 13.2] which corresponded with increases in fruit and vegetable consumption and decreases in takeaway frequency, and weight indices (p < .01 for all) but not risky alcohol intake. Modelling showed higher average HLI among those aged 45 or older (β = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.13, p < .01) with vocational educational qualifications (certificate/diploma: β = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.76, p < .01; bachelor/post-graduate degree β = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.76, 1.34, p < .01) while being male, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background, or not currently working conferred lower average HLI scores (p < .01 for all). Conclusions While participants showed improvements in many healthy lifestyle indices including BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, and dietary indicators, changes in alcohol consumption were less amenable to the program. There is a need for additional research to understand the multi-level barriers and facilitators of behaviour change in this context to tailor the intervention for more-difficult-to-treat groups.

Evaluation of a rural community pharmacy-based Waist Management Project: bringing the program to the people

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kellow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Time constraints and lack of awareness of risk factors for future chronic disease development prevent many young adults from accessing lifestyle programs offered by local health services. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a rural pharmacy-based multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle pilot program on reducing risk factors for chronic disease development among young adults. Individuals under the age of 50 with chronic disease risk factors were referred to the program. All subjects were provided with free after-hours nutritional counselling from a dietitian at the local community pharmacy, a comprehensive medication review conducted by the pharmacist, gym membership and access to cooking classes and supermarket tours. Selected participants also received bulk-billed GP appointments and assistance with establishing a home vegetable garden. Body weight, waist circumference, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity were assessed at baseline and after program conclusion. Forty participants regularly attended the program between March 2009 and March 2010. At program conclusion, mean body weight was reduced by 3.8 ± 6.7 kg (P < 0.001) and waist circumference reduced by 3.9 ± 6.5 cm (P < 0.001). Fruit consumption increased by 1.2 ± 0.2 serves/day (P < 0.001) and vegetable intake increased by 1.6 ± 1.0 serves/day (P < 0.001). Participants also spent an average of 88.0 ± 47.7 more min/week (P < 0.001) engaged in physical activity on completion of the program. The community pharmacy provided an accessible location for the delivery of a successful chronic disease risk reduction program targeting young adults in a rural area.

Predicting Hawaiian Youth’s Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behaviors: A 10-Year Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Author(s):  
Sasha A. Fleary ◽  
Robin Mehl ◽  
Claudio Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

Background: Health behaviors in childhood and adolescence are implicated in health behaviors and chronic disease risk in adulthood for the majority of the US population. However, little is known about these relationships in Hawaiian youth. This study investigated the extent to which childhood physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors predicted later behaviors across a 10-year period in Hawaiian youth. Methods: Three cohorts of fourth- to sixth-grade students who participated in an elementary after-school program (Fun 5) provided baseline data (Y1—data collected between 2003 and 2007), 5-year (Y5—data collected between 2008 and 2012), and 10-year (Y10—data collected between 2013 and 2017) follow-up surveys. Demographic, PA, and fruit and vegetable consumption measures were completed at all 3 time points. Bivariate and multiple regressions were computed in 2018. Results: Y1 and Y5 behavior predicted PA in young adulthood. For fruit and vegetable consumption, Y1 behavior predicted Y5 behavior but not Y10 behavior, and Y5 behavior predicted Y10 behaviors. Conclusions: Similar to mainland US youth, it is important to address PA and nutrition early in the life span for Hawaiian youth to increase long-term preventive health behaviors and reduce long-term chronic disease risk.

scholarly journals The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and changes in diet, physical activity and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from eight longitudinal studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Wielgoszewska ◽  
Jane Maddock ◽  
Michael J Green ◽  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Job Retention ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The Uk

Background: In March 2020 the UK implemented the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (furlough) to minimize job losses. Our aim was to investigate associations between furlough and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the early stages of the pandemic. Methods: We analysed data from 25,092 participants aged 16 to 66 years from eight UK longitudinal studies. Changes in employment (including being furloughed) were defined by comparing employment status pre- and during the first lockdown. Health behaviours included fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and sleeping patterns. Study-specific estimates obtained using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and pre-pandemic health and health behaviours, were statistically pooled. Associations were also stratified by sex, age, and education. Findings: Across studies, between 8 and 25% of participants were furloughed. Compared to those who remained working, furloughed workers were slightly less likely to be physically inactive (RRR:0.85, [0.75-0.97], I2=58.7%) and did not differ in diet and sleep behaviours. In stratified analyses, furlough was associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption among males (RRR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.01-1.22; I2: 0%) but not females (RRR=0.84; 95%CI: 0.68-1.04; I2: 65%). Considering change in behaviour, furloughed workers were more likely than those who remained working to report increased fruit and vegetable consumption, exercise, and hours of sleep. Interpretation: Those furloughed exhibited broadly similar levels of health behaviours with those who remained in employment during the initial stages of the pandemic. Social protection policies in the post-pandemic recovery period and during future economic crises may help protect population health. Funding: Medical Research Council.

scholarly journals Prevalence, clustering and sociodemographic distributions of non-communicable disease risk factors in Nepalese adolescents: secondary analysis of a nationwide school survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e028263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Bihungum Bista ◽  
Achyut Raj Pandey ◽  
Maximilian de Courten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, clustering and sociodemographic distribution of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adolescents in Nepal.DesignData originated from Global School Based Student Health Survey, Nepal conducted in 2015–2016.SettingThe study sites were the secondary schools in Nepal; 74 schools were selected based on the probability proportional to school enrolment size throughout Nepal.Participants5795 school-going children aged 13–17 years were included in the study.Primary outcomesNCD risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, insufficient physical activity and overweight/obesity were the primary outcomes. Sociodemographic distributions of the combined and individual NCD risk factors were determined by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsFindings revealed the prevalence of smoking (6.04%; CI 4.62 to 7.88), alcohol consumption (5.29%; CI 4.03 to 6.92), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (95.33%; CI 93.89 to 96.45), insufficiently physical activity (84.77%; CI 81.04 to 87.88) and overweight/obesity (6.66%; CI 4.65 to 9.45). One or more risk factors were present in 99.6%, ≥2 were in 83% and ≥3 were in 11.2%. Risk factors were more likely to cluster in male, 17 years of age and grade 7. Prevalence of smoking (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=2.38; CI 1.6 to 3.51) and alcohol consumption (aPR=1.81; CI 1.29 to 2.53) was significantly high in male, and in 16 and 17 years of age. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity and overweight/obesity was significantly lower in higher grades.ConclusionInsufficient fruit and vegetable intake and insufficient physical activity were highly prevalent in the populations studied. Risk factors were disproportionately distributed and clustered in particular gender, age and grade. The study population requires an age and gender specific preventive public health intervention.

Coexistence of Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Apparently Healthy, Untreated Postmenopausal Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massé ◽  
Tranchant ◽  
Dosy ◽  
Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study aimed to determine whether apparently healthy, untreated postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis relative to nonmenopausal women are concomitantly at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in terms of various aspects of lifestyle, personality, body shape and composition, and blood chemistry. Two homogeneous groups of 30 women having reached menopause for 3–5 years and 30 nonmenopausal controls, all non-estrogen users without apparent CVD risk factors, were compared in a cross-sectional design. Data related to physical activity, dietary intakes, personality type, anthropometry, and skinfold-thickness were collected. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and serum lipids were measured and used as biochemical predictors of osteoporosis and CVD, respectively. Compared to nonmenopausal controls, postmenopausal women were at greater risk of bone loss given their lower plasma IGF-1, lower physical activity level, and even given their higher serum lipids, as recent literature suggests. Moreover, their dietary calcium intake fulfilled only 70% of the current recommendation, which may reduce protection against osteoporosis and CVD (particularly hypertension) as well. The two groups did not differ regarding energy intake, body weight and frame size, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). However, postmenopausal subjects had more adipose tissue and differed in terms of lifestyle factors (lower dietary lipids and greater alcohol consumption). While neither group was at particular risk of CVD according to waist circumference, WHR, and serum triglycerides, postmenopausal women were at risk according to percent body adiposity and serum cholesterol. This study shows that several risk factors for osteoporosis and CVD can coexist in apparently healthy postmenopausal women after a few years of natural menopause. It emphasizes the need for a timely screening that would stress both heart and bone risk factors.

Pregnancy, Physical Activity and Weight Control to Prevent Obesity and Future Chronic Disease Risk in Both Mother and Child

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle F. Mottola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Maternal obesity is accelerating world-wide and may be partly due to excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and weight retention so that women begin a subsequent pregnancy with extra weight. Excessive GWG has been linked to chronic disease risk in the mother and also to an unhealthy foetal environment with downstream consequences for offspring health with risk for childhood obesity. Weight control during pregnancy and prevention of excessive GWG is an important issue for both mother and developing child. A healthy lifestyle through healthy eating and physical activity are key to prevention. Weight management for non-pregnant individuals has been evaluated for over 30 years, and lessons learned may assist in planning interventions for preventing excessive GWG. Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses analyzing the same studies on GWG report very different results. Recently, 10 intervention trials to prevent excessive GWG were published and only 6 of them were successful. Significant association between maternal exercise and GWG guidelines were reported, however, “one size does not fit all”. The failed trials did not have extra faceto- face sessions, were educational based and adherence was <50%. Accountability, face-to-face exercise sessions, and pedometers may motivate pregnant women to increase step counts to 10,000, which, when combined with nutrition control, prevents excessive GWG. Community walking programs that include family members and children may assist pregnant women of all body mass index categories to overcome potential barriers to promote a healthy lifestyle that will benefit them and their families for weight control and prevention of future chronic disease risk.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Australian Adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Denney-Wilson ◽  
Louise L. Hardy ◽  
Timothy Dobbins ◽  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
Louise A. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

scholarly journals Clustering of noncommunicable disease risk factors among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Kasaragod District, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Thekke Veedu Sreena ◽  
Elezebeth Mathews ◽  
Prakash Babu Kodali ◽  
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Limited evidence exists on the presence of collective non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Kerala, India. We aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with multiple NCD risk factors and clustering of these risk factors among adolescents in Kasaragod District, Kerala. Methods: We selected 470 adolescents (mean age 16.6 years, male 53.8%) through multi-stage cluster sampling from higher secondary schools of Kasaragod district. Self-administered questionnaires were used, and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques and protocols. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, inadequate physical activity, extra salt intake, overweight, consumption of soft drinks and packed foods were the eight NCD risk factors included. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was done to find out the factors associated with one, two and three or more NCD risk factors. Results: Risk factor clusters with two risk factors (dyads) and three risk factors (triads) were observed in 163 (34.7%) and 102 (21.7%) of the sample, respectively. Adolescents residing in urban areas (odds ratio (OR) = 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-8.73), whose father’s education level was lower (OR = 3.54;  95% CI = 1.24-10.10), whose mother’s education was lower (OR= 4.13; 95% CI = 1.27-13.51), who had restrictions on physical activity (OR = 5.41; 95% CI = 1.20-24.30) and who did not have a kitchen garden (an area where fruits and vegetables are grown for domestic use) (OR=4.51;95%  CI = 1.44-14.12) were more likely to have three or more NCD risk factors compared to their counterparts.   Conclusions: Clustering of NCD risk factors was prevalent in more than half of the adolescents. Efforts are warranted to reduce multiple risk factors, focussing on children of low educated parents and urban residents. Parents of adolescents may be encouraged to have kitchen gardens and not to restrict adolescent’s physical activity.

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