scholarly journals Modeling of Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia for Hepatic Tumors Using Floating Sleeve Antenna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faihaa Eltigani ◽  
Sulafa Ahmed ◽  
Maged Yahya ◽  
Mawahib Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Model C ◽  
Spherical Tumor ◽  
Microwave Hyperthermia

Abstract Background: Liver tumor, also known as hepatic tumor is one of the most common cancers with 80% of cases occurs in developing countries. Microwave hyperthermia is one of the promising treatment modalities that use microwaves to destroy the cancer cells by rising their temperature to 41- 45°C. This temperature elevation is achieved by using an applicator such as antennas. This study aims to design a microwave sleeve antenna capable of heating hepatic tumors (with different sizes and locations) to the therapeutic range of temperature for hyperthermia. Method: The sleeve antenna was designed to be resonate at 2.45 GHz and tested in a free space. Then; the antenna was tested in 6 different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor or blood vessels, Model B: with a tumor (2B3cm) and without blood vessels, Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B, then a small tumor (1.5a1.5cm) was created and its location (Model D) and size (Model E) were changed. Finally, a model with a spherical tumor of 1.5 cm diameter (Model F) was tested. Results: The return loss (S-parameters) of the antenna was varied from -45 dB to -25 dB in the different liver models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reached 30W/kg in the tumor and less than 24 W/kg in the surrounding tissues, while the tumor temperature elevated to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia in the all models and the surrounding tissues remain at a safe temperature range. Conclusions: The obtained results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Modeling of Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia for Hepatic Tumors Using Floating Sleeve Antenna

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faihaa Eltigani ◽  
Sulafa Ahmed ◽  
Maged Yahya ◽  
Mawahib Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Small Tumor ◽  
Model C ◽  
Spherical Tumor

Abstract PurposeMicrowave hyperthermia is a treatment modality that uses microwaves to destroy cancer cells by increasing their temperature to 41- 45°C. This study aims to design, modeling, and simulation of a microwave sleeve antenna for hepatic (liver) hyperthermia. MethodThe designed antenna resonated at 2.45 GHz. The antenna was tested in six different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor and blood vessels; Model B: with a realistic tumor (2x3 cm) and without blood vessels; Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B; Model D: created by adding a small tumor (1.5x1.5 cm) to model C and changed its location; Model E: same as model C with a different tumor size; Model F: model with a simple spherical tumor (1.5x1.5 cm).ResultsThe return loss of the antenna varied from -45 dB to -25 dB for the 6 models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was between 29 W/kg to 30W/kg in the tumors and below 24 W/Kg in the surrounding tissues. The tumors’ temperature elevated to 43- 45°C, while the temperature of the surrounding tissues was below 41°C.ConclusionsThe results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet: A Dietary Modification as an Anxiolytic Approach?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3822
Author(s):  
Adam Włodarczyk ◽  
Wiesław Jerzy Cubała ◽  
Aleksandra Wielewicka
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Fat Diets

Anxiety disorders comprise persistent, disabling conditions that are distributed across the globe, and are associated with the high medical and socioeconomic burden of the disease. Within the array of biopsychosocial treatment modalities—including monoaminergic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and CBT—there is an unmet need for the effective treatment of anxiety disorders resulting in full remission and recovery. Nutritional intervention may be hypothesized as a promising treatment strategy; in particular, it facilitates relapse prevention. Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (LCHF) may provide a rewarding outcome for some anxiety disorders; more research is needed before this regimen can be recommended to patients on a daily basis, but the evidence mentioned in this paper should encourage researchers and clinicians to consider LCHF as a piece of advice somewhere between psychotherapy and pharmacology, or as an add-on to those two.

scholarly journals A Compact Broadband Antenna with Dual-Resonance for Implantable Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongqiang Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Guohong Du ◽  
Xiaofeng Sun ◽  
Haoran Sun
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Broadband Antenna ◽  
Dual Resonance

A compact broadband implantable patch antenna is designed for the field of biotelemetry and experimentally demonstrated using the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz). The proposed antenna can obtain a broad impedance bandwidth by exciting dual-resonant frequencies, and has a compact structure using bent metal radiating strips and a short strategy. The total volume of the proposed antenna, including substrate and superstrate, is about 479 mm3 (23 × 16.4 × 1.27 mm3). The measured bandwidth is 52 MHz (382–434 MHz) at a return loss of −10 dB. The resonance, radiation and specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna are examined and characterized.

scholarly journals Sclerotherapy of Intraoral Superficial Hemangioma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmije Ademi Abdyli ◽  
Yll Abdyli ◽  
Feriall Perjuci ◽  
Ali Gashi ◽  
Zana Agani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Intralesional Injection ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Vascular Neoplasm ◽  
Sclerosing Agents ◽  
Number Of Injections

Hemangioma is the clinical term for a benign vascular neoplasm due to proliferation of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. Their most frequent location is the body skin and oral mucosa. One of the treatment modalities for hemangiomas is intralesional injection of sclerosing agents which cause the damage of blood vessels followed by their obliteration. The objective of the study was to describe the facility of application and evaluate the efficiency of sclerotherapy with aethoxysklerol 1%.Method. The case presented with intraoral submucosal hemangioma of the cheek was treated by intralesional injection of aethoxysklerol 3% diluted in water for injections at a 4 : 1 ratio (0.75%) at the first appointment and 3 : 1 (1%) at the second appointment. The effect of sclerotherapy was evaluated on the following visits in time intervals of two weeks.Results. The hemangioma disappeared without complications after the second injection of aethoxysklerol 1%. The successful results of the study were comparable to the data of literature with variations according to the used sclerosant agent, its concentration, the number of injections, and the intervals between each session.Conclusion. Since sclerotherapy is a very effective, inexpensive, and easy-to-apply treatment, it should be the treatment of choice, especially for intraoral superficial hemangiomas.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Cyanine-Based Phototherapy Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra Bilici ◽  
Sultan Cetin ◽  
Eda Aydındogan ◽  
Havva Yagci Acar ◽  
Safacan Kolemen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Promising Treatment

Phototherapies, in the form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), are very promising treatment modalities for cancer since they provide locality and turn-on mechanism for toxicity, both of which are critical in reducing off-site toxicity. Irradiation of photosensitive agents demonstrated successful therapeutic outcomes; however, each approach has its limitations and needs to be improved for clinical success. The combination of PTT and PDT may work in a synergistic way to overcome the limitations of each method and indeed improve the treatment efficacy. The development of single photosensitive agents capable of inducing both PDT and PTT is, therefore, extremely advantageous and highly desired. Cyanine dyes are shown to have such potential, hence have been very popular in the recent years. Luminescence of cyanine dyes renders them as phototheranostic molecules, reporting the localization of the photosensitive agent prior to irradiation to induce phototoxicity, hence allowing image-guided phototherapy. In this review, we mainly focus on the cyanine dye–based phototherapy of different cancer cells, concentrating on the advancements achieved in the last ten years.

scholarly journals Novel Therapeutic Paradigms to Treat Hemodialysis Access Dysfunction

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalathaksha Kumbar ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Hafeez Alsmaan ◽  
Anatole Besarab
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Vascular access dysfunction continues to be a major factor contributor to the morbidity and mortality of hemodialysis patient. Percutaneous intervention has been the central therapeutic modality used to treat dialysis vascular access dysfunction with limited success. Vascular biology research has shed considerable light on the pathophysiologic processes that lead to the development of neointimal hyperplasia, the culprit lesion for vascular access dysfunction, suggesting possible newer novel therapeutic interventions. In this review we discuss; (1) recent advances in the utilization of image based predictive medicine in improving access type selection prior to access creation; (2) current and promising treatment modalities including brachytherapy, gene therapy and pharmacotherapy for prevention of neointimal hyperplasia; (3) alternate imaging modalities during percutaneous endovascular interventions. Though novel therapeutic interventions are evolving, robust clinical studies to identify optimal therapeutic method are needed. A combination of evidenced based interventions from pre access creation up until final abandonment of vascular access is worthy of exploration.

The inducers of immunogenic cell death for tumor immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality that acts by selectively harnessing the host immune defenses against cancer. An effective immune response is often needed to eliminate tumors following treatment which can trigger the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells. Some treatment modalities (such as photodynamic therapy, high hydrostatic pressure or radiotherapy) and agents (some chemotherapeutic agents, oncolytic viruses) have been used to endow tumor cells with immunogenicity and/or increase their immunogenicity. These treatments and agents can boost the antitumor capacity by inducing immune responses against tumor neoantigens. Immunogenic cell death is a manner of cell death that can induce the emission of immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to trigger the immune system. This review focuses on the latest developments in the treatment modalities and agents that can induce and/or enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cells.

scholarly journals Zebrafish G protein γ2 is required for VEGF signaling during angiogenesis

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
TinChung Leung ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Anna M. Stauffer ◽  
Kathryn E. Giger ◽  
Soniya Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of pathologic angiogenesis, a process necessary for the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth. Historically, VEGF has been thought to signal via receptor tyrosine kinases, which are not typically considered to be G protein dependent. Here, we show that targeted knockdown of the G protein gng2 gene (Gγ2) blocks the normal angiogenic process in developing zebrafish embryos. Moreover, loss of gng2 function inhibits the ability of VEGF to promote the angiogenic sprouting of blood vessels by attenuating VEGF induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLCγ1) and serine/threonine kinase (AKT). Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel interaction between Gγ2- and VEGF-dependent pathways to regulate the angiogenic process in a whole-animal model. Blocking VEGF function using a humanized anti-VEGF antibody has emerged as a promising treatment for colorectal, non-small lung cell, and breast cancers. However, this treatment may cause considerable side effects. Our findings provide a new opportunity for cotargeting G protein- and VEGF-dependent pathways to synergistically block pathologic angiogenesis, which may lead to a safer and more efficacious therapeutic regimen to fight cancer. (Blood. 2006;108:160-166)

scholarly journals Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage: Review of the Current Treatment Possibilities

2021 ◽  
pp. S379-S401
Author(s):  
A FRAJEWICKI ◽  
Z LAŠTŮVKA ◽  
V BORBÉLYOVÁ ◽  
S KHAN ◽  
K JANDOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a disorder with heterogeneous manifestation due to asphyxia during perinatal period. It affects approximately 3-12 children per 1000 live births and cause death of 1 million neonates worldwide per year. Besides, motor disabilities, seizures, impaired muscle tone and epilepsy are few of the consequences of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Despite an extensive research effort regarding various treatment strategies, therapeutic hypothermia with intensive care unit supportive treatment remains the only approved method for neonates who have suffered from moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, these protocols are only partially effective given that many infants still suffer from severe brain damage. Thus, further research to systematically test promising neuroprotective treatments in combination with hypothermia is essential. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and delved into different promising treatment modalities, such as melatonin and erythropoietin. However, preclinical studies and clinical trials are still needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of these modalities.

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