scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the variability of Escherichia coli in rivers in southwest Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Majedul Islam ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Faecal contamination of surface water sources is an important water quality issue worldwide. Although quite a few studies exist on surface water faecal contamination and variability of indicator bacteria, most of the studies have been based on larger river basins and in temperate region. The variability is relatively unknown in local scale and in tropical developing countries. In this study we assess how anthropogenic and environmental factors affect faecal contamination and physicochemical parameters in Rupsha and Bhairab rivers around Khulna city, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from six locations of the rivers during a wet and dry period in 2018 to measure Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations. Water physicochemical parameters—temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were also measured. Higher concentrations of E. coli were found in the sampling sites located near the densely populated urban area compared to the downstream site, which receives fewer amounts of discharges from sewer drains. All the E. coli samples violated bathing water quality standards. E. coli concentrations were found to be correlated positively with precipitation and turbidity. A linear regression model was applied, that explains large part of the variation in E. coli concentration (R2 = 0.42). Water quality index assessment was also ranked the water quality as ‘poor’ category; indicate that the water is unsuitable for uses in domestic and recreational purposes and high health risks involved with the water use. The study findings highlight the problem of untreated sewage discharge into the rivers. Implementation of sewage treatment plant with adequate capacity is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Community-based wastewater treatment systems and water quality of an Indonesian village

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Lim ◽  
L. Y. Lee ◽  
S. E. Bramono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Community Based ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of community-based water treatment systems on water quality in a peri-urban village in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Water samples were taken from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), irrigation canals, paddy fields and wells during the dry and wet seasons. The samples were tested for biological and chemical oxygen demand, nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and Escherichia coli. Water quality in this village is affected by the presence of active septic tanks, WWTP effluent discharge, small-scale tempe industries and external sources. We found that the WWTPs remove oxygen-demanding wastes effectively but discharged nutrients, such as nitrate and ammonia, into irrigation canals. Irrigation canals had high levels of E. coli as well as oxygen-demanding wastes. Well samples had high E. coli, nitrate and total nitrogen levels. Rainfall tended to increase concentrations of biological and chemical oxygen demand and some nutrients. All our samples fell within the drinking water standards for nitrate but failed the international and Indonesian standards for E. coli. Water quality in this village can be improved by improving the WWTP treatment of nutrients, encouraging more villagers to be connected to WWTPs and controlling hotspot contamination areas in the village.

scholarly journals Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes, Escherichia coli Strains, and Salmonella spp. Frequently Found in Surface Water Used for Irrigation of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in New York State

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4814-4820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Jones ◽  
Randy W. Worobo ◽  
Christine D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
New York ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
New York State ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
York State ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACTIn the United States, surface water is commonly used to irrigate a variety of produce crops and can harbor pathogens responsible for food-borne illnesses and plant diseases. Understanding when pathogens infest water sources is valuable information for produce growers to improve the food safety and production of these crops. In this study, prevalence data along with regression tree analyses were used to correlate water quality parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity), irrigation site properties (source, the presence of livestock or fowl nearby), and precipitation data to the presence and concentrations ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., and hymexazol-insensitive (HIS) oomycetes (PhytophthoraandPythiumspp.) in New York State surface waters. A total of 123 samples from 18 sites across New York State were tested forE. coliandSalmonellaspp., of which 33% and 43% were positive, respectively. Additionally, 210 samples from 38 sites were tested for HIS oomycetes, and 88% were found to be positive, with 10 species ofPhytophthoraand 11 species ofPythiumbeing identified from the samples. Regression analysis found no strong correlations between water quality parameters, site factors, or precipitation to the presence or concentration ofE. coliin irrigation sources. ForSalmonella, precipitation (≤0.64 cm) 3 days before sampling was correlated to both presence and the highest counts. Analyses for oomycetes found creeks to have higher average counts than ponds, and higher turbidity levels were associated with higher oomycete counts. Overall, information gathered from this study can be used to better understand the food safety and plant pathogen risks of using surface water for irrigation.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in Sunter River

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Efadeswarni ◽  
F Y Amandita ◽  
N Puspandari ◽  
N Aini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Abstract The water quality of the Sunter River in Jakarta was classified as heavily polluted due to activities around the river, both domestic and non-domestic. As one of the environmental parameters for water quality, the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is normally found any natural environment, and under certain conditions it can become resistant to antimicrobials due to genetic mutations. The mutated E. coli produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and has a higher survival ability in antibiotic-contaminated river water, thus potentially endangering public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of ESBL producing E. coli and their resistance to antibiotic cefotaxime. Sampling was conducted in six locations representing the upstreams and the downstreams of Sunter River, following the Global Surveillance guidelines. E. coli strains were isolated using Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar medium (with and without the addition of cefotaxime 4μg/ml) and the antibiotic sensitivity test of ESBL E. coli was conducted by performing a double-disk test. The results showed that the highest average abundance of ESBL E. coli was found in the sample taken from Sindang Station (904.24 x 104 colony per unit (CFU) / 100 mL) and the lowest was from Sunter Station (1,58 x 104 CFU / 100 mL). The results of the Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity were negatively correlated with the abundance of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam Using Water Quality Index and Statistical Approaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Phan Kim Anh ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted to spatiotemporally analyze the quality, location and critical water variables influencing water quality using water monitoring data from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Dong Thap province in 2019. The water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), oil and grease, sulfate (SO42−), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were collected at 58 locations with the frequency of four times per year (February, May, August, and November). These parameters were compared with national technical regulation on surface water quality—QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated and spatially presented by geographical information system (GIS) tool. Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the correlation among water quality parameters, group and reduce the sampling sites, and identify key parameters and potential water pollution sources. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the significant concerns impairing the water quality. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by WQI analysis. CA suggested that the current monitoring locations could be reduced from 58 sites to 43 sites which can be saved the total monitoring budget up to 25.85%. PCA showed that temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, TN, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the key water parameters influencing water quality in Dong Thap province’s canals and rivers; thus, these parameters should be monitored annually. The water pollution sources were possibly hydrological conditions, water runoff, riverbank erosion, domestic and urban activities, and industrial and agricultural discharges. Significantly, the municipal and agricultural wastes could be decisive factors to the change of surface water quality in the study area. Further studies need to focus on identifying sources of water pollution for implementing appropriate water management strategies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Kolpu Khola in Sisdol Landfill Area of Nuwakot District

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Jaya K. Shrestha ◽  
Rohini P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Impact

The present study was carried out to determine the impact of the leachate contamination on water quality of Kolpu Khola nearby Sisdol landfill site. Water samples were collected from six different sites of Kolpu Khola from upstream to downstream. The samples were collected in clean plastic bottles from a leachate collection from December, 2007 to August, 2008 and analyzed for the determination of physical parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature) and chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, chloride, calcium hardness, total hardness, BOD5, PO4-P, NO3-N, NH4-N) using a standard method. It was found that leachate was severely polluted with most of the physicochemical parameters being higher than the generic standard for industrial effluent discharged into inland surface water. The variation of BOD and COD showed that the chemistry of the leachate in the landfill was undergoing rapid change. The surface water of Kolpu Khola was not polluted from chloride point of view and the spatial variation of chloride content was significant at 0.01 significance level. The river water at all the sites under study had PO4-P above natural range i.e. 0.005 to 0.020 mg/l and was not suitable for livestock drinking and for aquatic animals with reference to most of the physicochemical parameters studied.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12026Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 107-114

Comparative survival of Cryptosporidium, coxsackievirus A9 and Escherichia coli in stream, brackish and sea waters

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Nasser ◽  
N. Zaruk ◽  
L. Tenenbaum ◽  
Y. Netzan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coxsackievirus A9 ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

Discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into streams may result in the dissemination of pathogens and the contamination of surface water sources. Determining the die-off rate of pathogenic microorganisms in stream and sea waters may serve as the basis for evaluating the health risks posed by the presence of pathogens in seawater. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial load, temperature, salinity and turbidity on the die-off of oocysts of Cryptosporidium as compared to that of coxsackie A9 virus (Cox A9) and E. coli. The test microorganisms were seeded into stream, outfall or sea waters and incubated at either 30°C (summer) or 15°C (winter). At 30°C, the fastest die-off was observed for Cox A9 where <5-log was reduced regardless of the water quality. At 15°C Cox A9 persistence was similar to that of Cryptosporidium where no change was detected in the concentration of either throughout the study period. E coli die-off reached 5 orders of magnitude within 10d then its concentration remained unchanged. The die-off of E coli was faster than observed for Cox A9 at 15°C regardless of the water quality. No decrease was observed in the viability of Cryptosporidium under all tested conditions throughout the study period indicating the unsuitability of E coli to serve as an indicator for the presence of parasites and viruses in stream and marine waters. The prolonged persistence of pathogenic microorganisms in marine waters suggested that discharge of contamination into streams may present a serious environmental health risk.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of the Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Discharges on Maritsa River

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Tony Venelinov ◽  
◽  
Galina Yotova ◽  
Veronika Mihaylova ◽  
Svetlana Lazarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The Impact

Data analysis of wastewater samples at the outlets of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Pazardzhik, Plovdiv and Svilengrad, which discharge into the Maritsa River is presented. Total monthly loads for 2017 at the outlets are calculated using the monthly averages for the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen (TN) and the monthly averages for the flow rates. The contributions of the WWTPs to the total river loads emphasize that the impact of WWTPs of Pazardzhik and Plovdiv is significantly greater than WWTP of Svilengrad. Additionally, river water samples were collected before and after the discharge points of the WWTPs in August 2018 and analyzed for water quality parameters listed in Directive 75/440/EEC. Comparison between the river concentrations before the outlet of WWPT - Pazardzhik and after the last sampling point (the outlet of WWTP - Svilengrad) indicates an increase for all the studied parameters, except for Al and Cu. Based on the results obtained for TN, the category of the surface water is significantly deteriorated after discharge of the WWTP - Plovdiv. Wastewater effect on the river surface water is also estimated by using a battery of ecotoxicological tests. The results are presented and compared by the classical approach using categorization based on water quality indicators.

scholarly journals Variations in microbial indicator densities in beach waters and health-related assessment of bathing water quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. S. Cheung ◽  
K. C. K. Chang ◽  
R. P. S. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Microbial Indicators ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Related ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Routine Sampling ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

SUMMARYDaily and hourly variations in microbial indicators densities in the beach-waters of Hong Kong have been described. The levels of Escherichia coli at a number of beaches was observed to be influenced by tide, and for staphylococci, by bather numbers. The tidal influence was most obvious during spring tides; and for the effect of bathers, during neap tides. Both organisms are present in high densities in external sources of faecal pollution of bathing beaches, with the average staphylococci to E. coli ratios being 0·04–3. Staphylococci may serve as an indicator of bather density and the risk of cross-infection amongst bathers (rather than as another indicator of faecal contamination) when the average staphylococci to E. coli ratio for a bathing beach is considerably higher than 3. The variability of microbial indicator densities means the routine sampling of bathing beaches should be carried out on weekend days with maximum numbers of swimmers exposed to the water, and spread throughout the bathing season.

Survey of the Ecological State of Eight Man-Made Lakes Within the City Limits of Freiburg, Germany

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Agnes G. Pulvermüller ◽  
Heidulf E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
The City ◽  
Oxygen Profiles

Abstract The survey of the ecological condition of eight lakes within the city limits of Freiburg included hydrochemical measurements and analyses (oxygen profiles, Secchi depth, pH, biochemical oxygen demand) together with biological parameters (chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonbiomass, Escherichia coli counts), as well as parasitic examinations. Only some of the investigated parameters are presented here. Seven of the eight lakes were found to be eutrophic. The process of eutrophication appears to be still in progress. One lake can be considered to be hypertrophic. Schistosome dermatitis was observed. The water quality in general was considered to be acceptable; suggestions to maintain or improve the water quality are made.

Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sarah Jubb ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
Ian Guymer ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

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