scholarly journals Altered Brain Functional Network Dynamics in Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Liu ◽  
Jiao Han ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Topological Organization

Abstract Background: Accumulating studies have indicated a wide range of brain alterations in structure and function of Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN). Given the dynamic nature of pain experience, the exploration of temporal fluctuations in interregional activity covariance may enhance the understanding of pain process in brain. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal features of functional connectivity (FC) states as well as topological alteration in CTN.Methods: Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 41 CTN patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HC). After group independent component analysis, sliding window based dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis was applied to investigate specific FC states and related temporal properties. Then the dynamics in whole brain topological organization were estimated by calculating coefficient of variation of graph-theoretical properties. The further correlation analysis were performed between all those measurements and clinical data.Results: Two distinct states were identified, of which the state 2, characterized by complicate coupling between default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CC) and tight connections within DMN, expressed more in CTN patients, presented as increased fractional windows and dwell time. Also, patients switched less frequently between states than HC. Regarding to dynamic topological analysis, disruptions in global graph-theoretical properties (including network efficiency and small-worldness) were observed in patients, coupled with decreased variability in nodal efficiency of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in salience network (SN) and thalamus, caudate in subcortical network (SC). The variation of topological properties showed negative correlation with disease duration and attack frequency.Conclusions: The present study indicated disrupted flexibility of brain topological organization under persistent noxious stimulation and further highlighted the important role of “dynamic pain connectome” regions (including DMN/CC/SN) in pathophysiology of CTN from temporal fluctuation aspect. Additionally, the findings provided supplementary evidence for current knowledge about the aberrant cortical-subcortical interaction in pain development.

scholarly journals Altered brain functional network dynamics in classic trigeminal neuralgia: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Liu ◽  
Jiao Han ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Topological Organization

Abstract Background Accumulating studies have indicated a wide range of brain alterations with respect to the structure and function of classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN). Given the dynamic nature of pain experience, the exploration of temporal fluctuations in interregional activity covariance may enhance the understanding of pain processes in the brain. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal features of functional connectivity (FC) states as well as topological alteration in CTN. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 41 CTN patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HCs). After group independent component analysis, sliding window based dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis was applied to investigate specific FC states and related temporal properties. Then, the dynamics of the whole brain topological organization were estimated by calculating the coefficient of variation of graph-theoretical properties. Further correlation analyses were performed between all these measurements and clinical data. Results Two distinct states were identified. Of these, the state 2, characterized by complicated coupling between default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CC) and tight connections within DMN, was expressed more in CTN patients and presented as increased fractional windows and dwell time. Moreover, patients switched less frequently between states than HCs. Regarding the dynamic topological analysis, disruptions in global graph-theoretical properties (including network efficiency and small-worldness) were observed in patients, coupled with decreased variability in nodal efficiency of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the salience network (SN) and the thalamus and caudate nucleus in the subcortical network (SC). The variation of topological properties showed negative correlation with disease duration and attack frequency. Conclusions The present study indicated disrupted flexibility of brain topological organization under persistent noxious stimulation and further highlighted the important role of “dynamic pain connectome” regions (including DMN/CC/SN) in the pathophysiology of CTN from the temporal fluctuation aspect. Additionally, the findings provided supplementary evidence for current knowledge about the aberrant cortical-subcortical interaction in pain development.

scholarly journals Resting-state fMRI data of awake dogs (Canis familiaris) via group-level independent component analysis reveal multiple, spatially distributed resting-state networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Szabó ◽  
Kálmán Czeibert ◽  
Ádám Kettinger ◽  
Márta Gácsi ◽  
Attila Andics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract Resting-state networks are spatially distributed, functionally connected brain regions. Studying these networks gives us information about the large-scale functional organization of the brain and alternations in these networks are considered to play a role in a wide range of neurological conditions and aging. To describe resting-state networks in dogs, we measured 22 awake, unrestrained individuals of both sexes and carried out group-level spatial independent component analysis to explore whole-brain connectivity patterns. In this exploratory study, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we found several such networks: a network involving prefrontal, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate and hippocampal regions; sensorimotor (SMN), auditory (AUD), frontal (FRO), cerebellar (CER) and striatal networks. The network containing posterior cingulate regions, similarly to Primates, but unlike previous studies in dogs, showed antero-posterior connectedness with involvement of hippocampal and lateral temporal regions. The results give insight into the resting-state networks of awake animals from a taxon beyond rodents through a non-invasive method.

scholarly journals Altered Topological Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Betel Quid Dependence: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Liting Liu ◽  
Hui Juan Chen ◽  
Qingqing Fu ◽  
Lili Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Characteristic Path Length ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Topological Organization

Background: Betel quid dependence (BQD) is associated with abnormalities in the widespread inter-regional functional connectivity of the brain. However, no studies focused on the abnormalities in the topological organization of brain functional networks in chewers in Mainland China.Methods: In the current study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from 53 BQD individuals and 37 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). A functional network was constructed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients among 90 subregions in the human Brainnetome Atlas. The topological parameters were compared between BQD individuals and HCs.Results: The results showed that BQD individuals presented a small-world topology, but the normalized characteristic path length (λ) increased compared with HCs (0.563 ± 0.030 vs. 0.550 ± 0.027). Compared to HCs, BQ chewers showed increased betweenness centrality (Be) in the right supplementary motor area, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right paracentral lobule, right insula, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right hippocampus, right post-central gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus, while decreased Be was found in the orbitofrontal area and temporal area, which is associated with reward network, cognitive system, and default mode network. The area under the curve (AUC) value of λ displayed a positive correlation with the duration of BQ chewing (r = 0.410, p = 0.002).Conclusions: The present study revealed the disruption of functional connectome in brain areas of BQD individuals. The findings may improve our understanding of the neural mechanism of BQD from a brain functional network topological organization perspective.

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammation Impairs Mood Function by Disrupting the Resting-State Functional Network in a Rat Animal Model Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Mu-Huo Ji ◽  
Shu-Ming Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Right

Background. Systemic inflammation impairs cognitive performance, yet the brain networks mediating this process remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the current study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore changes in the functional connectivity in a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced systemic inflammation animal model. Materials and Methods. We used the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method to examine abnormal brain regions between the control and LPS groups and then considered them as seeds of functional connectivity analysis. Results. Compared with the control group, our study showed that (1) LPS impaired mood function, as reflected by a depression-like behavior in the forced swim test; (2) LPS induced significantly increased ReHo values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and caudate putamen (CPu); (3) the ACC seed showed increased functional connectivity with the retrosplenial cortex, superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus; and (4) the right CPu seed showed increased functional connectivity with the left CPu. Linear regression analysis showed a LPS-induced depression-like behavior which was associated with increased ReHo values in the ACC and right CPu. Moreover, the LPS-induced depression-like behavior was related to increased functional connectivity between the right CPu and left CPu. Conclusion. This is the first study to show that systemic inflammation impairs mood function that is associated with an altered resting-state functional network based on ReHo analysis, providing evidence of the abnormal regional brain spontaneous activity which might be involved in inflammation-related neurobehavioral abnormalities.

scholarly journals Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vila-Aiub
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease Progressively Reduces Visual Functional Network Connectivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Paul Beach ◽  
Andrea Bozoki ◽  
David C. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Processing Network

Background: Postmortem studies of brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) not only find amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the visual cortex, but also reveal temporally sequential changes in AD pathology from higher-order association areas to lower-order areas and then primary visual area (V1) with disease progression. Objective: This study investigated the effect of AD severity on visual functional network. Methods: Eight severe AD (SAD) patients, 11 mild/moderate AD (MAD), and 26 healthy senior (HS) controls undertook a resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and a task fMRI of viewing face photos. A resting-state visual functional connectivity (FC) network and a face-evoked visual-processing network were identified for each group. Results: For the HS, the identified group-mean face-evoked visual-processing network in the ventral pathway started from V1 and ended within the fusiform gyrus. In contrast, the resting-state visual FC network was mainly confined within the visual cortex. AD disrupted these two functional networks in a similar severity dependent manner: the more severe the cognitive impairment, the greater reduction in network connectivity. For the face-evoked visual-processing network, MAD disrupted and reduced activation mainly in the higher-order visual association areas, with SAD further disrupting and reducing activation in the lower-order areas. Conclusion: These findings provide a functional corollary to the canonical view of the temporally sequential advancement of AD pathology through visual cortical areas. The association of the disruption of functional networks, especially the face-evoked visual-processing network, with AD severity suggests a potential predictor or biomarker of AD progression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document