scholarly journals Altered Topological Organization of Functional Brain Networks in Betel Quid Dependence: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Liting Liu ◽  
Hui Juan Chen ◽  
Qingqing Fu ◽  
Lili Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Characteristic Path Length ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Topological Organization

Background: Betel quid dependence (BQD) is associated with abnormalities in the widespread inter-regional functional connectivity of the brain. However, no studies focused on the abnormalities in the topological organization of brain functional networks in chewers in Mainland China.Methods: In the current study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from 53 BQD individuals and 37 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). A functional network was constructed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients among 90 subregions in the human Brainnetome Atlas. The topological parameters were compared between BQD individuals and HCs.Results: The results showed that BQD individuals presented a small-world topology, but the normalized characteristic path length (λ) increased compared with HCs (0.563 ± 0.030 vs. 0.550 ± 0.027). Compared to HCs, BQ chewers showed increased betweenness centrality (Be) in the right supplementary motor area, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right paracentral lobule, right insula, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right hippocampus, right post-central gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus, while decreased Be was found in the orbitofrontal area and temporal area, which is associated with reward network, cognitive system, and default mode network. The area under the curve (AUC) value of λ displayed a positive correlation with the duration of BQ chewing (r = 0.410, p = 0.002).Conclusions: The present study revealed the disruption of functional connectome in brain areas of BQD individuals. The findings may improve our understanding of the neural mechanism of BQD from a brain functional network topological organization perspective.

Aberrant topographical organization in default-mode network in first-episode remitted geriatric depression: a graph-theoretical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Yuefeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Topological Organization

ABSTRACTBackground:Neuroimaging studies have shown that major depressive disorder is associated with altered activity patterns of the default-mode network (DMN). In this study, we sought to investigate the topological organization of the DMN in patients with remitted geriatric depression (RGD) and whether RGD patients would be more likely to show disrupted topological configuration of the DMN during the resting-state.Methods:Thirty-three RGD patients and thirty-one healthy control participants underwent clinical and cognitive evaluations as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The functional connectivity (FC) networks were constructed by thresholding Pearson correlation metrics of the DMN regions defined by group independent component analysis, and their topological properties (e.g. small-world and network efficiency) were analyzed using graph theory-based approaches.Results:Relative to the healthy controls, the RGD patients showed decreased FC in the posterior regions of the DMN (i.e. the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, angular gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus). Furthermore, the RGD patients showed abnormal global topology of the DMN (i.e. increased characteristic path length and reduced global efficiency) when compared with healthy controls. Importantly, significant correlations between these network measures and cognitive performance indicated their potential use as biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in RGD.Conclusions:The present study indicated disrupted FC and topological organization of the DMN in the context of RGD, and further implied their contribution to cognitive deficits in RGD patients.

scholarly journals Altered Brain Functional Network Dynamics in Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Liu ◽  
Jiao Han ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Topological Organization

Abstract Background: Accumulating studies have indicated a wide range of brain alterations in structure and function of Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN). Given the dynamic nature of pain experience, the exploration of temporal fluctuations in interregional activity covariance may enhance the understanding of pain process in brain. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal features of functional connectivity (FC) states as well as topological alteration in CTN.Methods: Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 41 CTN patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HC). After group independent component analysis, sliding window based dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis was applied to investigate specific FC states and related temporal properties. Then the dynamics in whole brain topological organization were estimated by calculating coefficient of variation of graph-theoretical properties. The further correlation analysis were performed between all those measurements and clinical data.Results: Two distinct states were identified, of which the state 2, characterized by complicate coupling between default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CC) and tight connections within DMN, expressed more in CTN patients, presented as increased fractional windows and dwell time. Also, patients switched less frequently between states than HC. Regarding to dynamic topological analysis, disruptions in global graph-theoretical properties (including network efficiency and small-worldness) were observed in patients, coupled with decreased variability in nodal efficiency of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in salience network (SN) and thalamus, caudate in subcortical network (SC). The variation of topological properties showed negative correlation with disease duration and attack frequency.Conclusions: The present study indicated disrupted flexibility of brain topological organization under persistent noxious stimulation and further highlighted the important role of “dynamic pain connectome” regions (including DMN/CC/SN) in pathophysiology of CTN from temporal fluctuation aspect. Additionally, the findings provided supplementary evidence for current knowledge about the aberrant cortical-subcortical interaction in pain development.

scholarly journals Altered brain functional network dynamics in classic trigeminal neuralgia: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Liu ◽  
Jiao Han ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Topological Organization

Abstract Background Accumulating studies have indicated a wide range of brain alterations with respect to the structure and function of classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN). Given the dynamic nature of pain experience, the exploration of temporal fluctuations in interregional activity covariance may enhance the understanding of pain processes in the brain. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal features of functional connectivity (FC) states as well as topological alteration in CTN. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 41 CTN patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HCs). After group independent component analysis, sliding window based dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis was applied to investigate specific FC states and related temporal properties. Then, the dynamics of the whole brain topological organization were estimated by calculating the coefficient of variation of graph-theoretical properties. Further correlation analyses were performed between all these measurements and clinical data. Results Two distinct states were identified. Of these, the state 2, characterized by complicated coupling between default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CC) and tight connections within DMN, was expressed more in CTN patients and presented as increased fractional windows and dwell time. Moreover, patients switched less frequently between states than HCs. Regarding the dynamic topological analysis, disruptions in global graph-theoretical properties (including network efficiency and small-worldness) were observed in patients, coupled with decreased variability in nodal efficiency of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the salience network (SN) and the thalamus and caudate nucleus in the subcortical network (SC). The variation of topological properties showed negative correlation with disease duration and attack frequency. Conclusions The present study indicated disrupted flexibility of brain topological organization under persistent noxious stimulation and further highlighted the important role of “dynamic pain connectome” regions (including DMN/CC/SN) in the pathophysiology of CTN from the temporal fluctuation aspect. Additionally, the findings provided supplementary evidence for current knowledge about the aberrant cortical-subcortical interaction in pain development.

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease Progressively Reduces Visual Functional Network Connectivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Paul Beach ◽  
Andrea Bozoki ◽  
David C. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Processing Network

Background: Postmortem studies of brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) not only find amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the visual cortex, but also reveal temporally sequential changes in AD pathology from higher-order association areas to lower-order areas and then primary visual area (V1) with disease progression. Objective: This study investigated the effect of AD severity on visual functional network. Methods: Eight severe AD (SAD) patients, 11 mild/moderate AD (MAD), and 26 healthy senior (HS) controls undertook a resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and a task fMRI of viewing face photos. A resting-state visual functional connectivity (FC) network and a face-evoked visual-processing network were identified for each group. Results: For the HS, the identified group-mean face-evoked visual-processing network in the ventral pathway started from V1 and ended within the fusiform gyrus. In contrast, the resting-state visual FC network was mainly confined within the visual cortex. AD disrupted these two functional networks in a similar severity dependent manner: the more severe the cognitive impairment, the greater reduction in network connectivity. For the face-evoked visual-processing network, MAD disrupted and reduced activation mainly in the higher-order visual association areas, with SAD further disrupting and reducing activation in the lower-order areas. Conclusion: These findings provide a functional corollary to the canonical view of the temporally sequential advancement of AD pathology through visual cortical areas. The association of the disruption of functional networks, especially the face-evoked visual-processing network, with AD severity suggests a potential predictor or biomarker of AD progression.

scholarly journals Cranio-Vertebral Junction Triangular Area: Quantification of Brain Stem Compression by Magnetic Resonance Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Chih-Chang Chang ◽  
Ching-Lan Wu ◽  
Tsung-Hsi Tu ◽  
Jau-Ching Wu ◽  
Hsuan-Kan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Triangular Area

(1) Background: Most of the currently used radiological criteria for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) were developed prior to the popularity of magnetic resonance images (MRIs). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel triangular area (TA) calculated on MRIs for pathologies at the CVJ. (2) Methods: A total of 702 consecutive patients were enrolled, grouped into three: (a) Those with pathologies at the CVJ (n = 129); (b) those with underlying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but no CVJ abnormalities (n = 279); and (3) normal (control; n = 294). TA was defined on T2-weighted MRIs by three points: The lowest point of the clivus, the posterior-inferior point of C2, and the most dorsal indentation point at the ventral brain stem. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to correlate the prognostic value of the TA with myelopathy. Pre- and post-operative TA values were compared for validation. (c) Results: The CVJ-pathology group had the largest mean TA (1.58 ± 0.47 cm2), compared to the RA and control groups (0.96 ± 0.31 and 1.05 ± 0.26, respectively). The ROC analysis calculated the cutoff-point for myelopathy as 1.36 cm2 with the area under the curve at 0.93. Of the 81 surgical patients, the TA was reduced (1.21 ± 0.37 cm2) at two-years post-operation compared to that at pre-operation (1.67 ± 0.51 cm2). Moreover, intra-operative complete reduction of the abnormalities could further decrease the TA to 1.03 ± 0.39 cm2. (4) Conclusions: The TA, a valid measurement to quantify compression at the CVJ and evaluate the efficacy of surgery, averaged 1.05 cm2 in normal patients, and 1.36 cm2 could be a cutoff-point for myelopathy and of clinical significance.

scholarly journals Disrupted Topological Organization in Whole-Brain Functional Networks of Heroin-Dependent Individuals: A Resting-State fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e82715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Jiang ◽  
Xue Wen ◽  
Yingwei Qiu ◽  
Ruibin Zhang ◽  
Junjing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Functional Networks ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Topological Organization

scholarly journals Supraspinatus-to-Glenoid Contact Occurs During Standardized Overhead Reaching Motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712110369
Author(s):  
Gaura Saini ◽  
Rebekah L. Lawrence ◽  
Justin L. Staker ◽  
Jonathan P. Braman ◽  
Paula M. Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Internal Impingement ◽  
Glenoid Morphology ◽  
Minimum Distances ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Rotator cuff tears may result from repeated mechanical deformation of the cuff tendons, and internal impingement of the supraspinatus tendon against the glenoid is one such proposed mechanism of deformation. Purpose: To (1) describe the changing proximity of the supraspinatus tendon to the glenoid during a simulated overhead reaching task and (2) determine the relationship between scapular morphology and this proximity. Additionally, the patterns of supraspinatus-to-glenoid proximity were compared with previously described patterns of supraspinatus-to-coracoacromial arch proximity. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Shoulder models were created from magnetic resonance images of 20 participants. Standardized kinematics were imposed on the models to simulate functional reaching, and the minimum distances between the supraspinatus tendon and the glenoid and the supraspinatus footprint and the glenoid were calculated every 5° between 0° and 150° of humerothoracic elevation. The angle at which contact between the supraspinatus and the glenoid occurred was documented. Additionally, the relationship between glenoid morphology (version and inclination) and the contact angle was evaluated. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the minimum distances, and glenoid morphology was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and simple linear regressions. Results: The minimum distances between the tendon and the glenoid and between the footprint and the glenoid decreased as elevation increased. Contact between the tendon and the glenoid occurred in all participant models at a mean elevation of 123° ± 10°. Contact between the footprint and the glenoid occurred in 13 of 20 models at a mean of 139° ± 10°. Less glenoid retroversion was associated with lower tendon-to-glenoid contact angles ( r = –0.76; R 2 = 0.58; P < .01). Conclusion: This study found that the supraspinatus tendon progressively approximated the glenoid during simulated overhead reaching. Additionally, all participant models eventually made contact with the glenoid by 150° of humerothoracic elevation, although anatomic factors influenced the precise angle at which contact occurred. Clinical Relevance: Contact between the supraspinatus and the glenoid may occur frequently within the range of elevation required for overhead activities. Therefore, internal impingement may be a prevalent mechanism for rotator cuff deformation that could contribute to cuff pathology.

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