scholarly journals Comparison of BP26, Omp25 and Omp31 and a Multi-Epitope Based Fusion Protein in Serological Detection of Canine Brucellosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixue Yao ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Diagnostic Reagent ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. Canine brucellosis caused mainly by B. canis is seriously neglected and there is lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Methods In this study, using 34 brucellosis positive dog sera and 62 negative control sera, the Brucella outer membrane protein of Omp31, BP26, Omp25 and a multi-epitope based fusion protein were evaluated by iELISA for their potential use as antigens in serological diagnosis for canine brucellosis. Results The result showed that multi-epitope based fusion protein performed best in distinguishing brucellosis positive and negative dog sera, with positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.41%. BP26 and Omp31 showed excellent sensitivity in detecting brucellosis positive dog sera, but their cross reaction to sera infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes may hinder their application as diagnostic reagent. While Omp25 was lack of sufficient sensitivity and just showed limited ability in distinguishing positive and negative dog sera. Conclusion The multi-epitope based fusion protein could accelerate the development of diagnostic kit for canine brucellosis currently urgently needed in China.

Diagnostic Value of Real-Time Shear Wave Elastography in Diagnosing Thyroid Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2818-2822
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Oprea ◽  
Mihaela Vlad ◽  
Ioana Golu ◽  
Ioan Sporea ◽  
Lazar Fulger
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tissue Elasticity

Thyroid nodules are a common pathology found in 50 to 60% of otherwise healthy people. Diagnostic imaging techniques are help discriminating between benign and malignant nodules, while fine needle aspiration is still a gold standard. Shear wave elastography, a recent imaging technique, holds the promise to become reliable diagnostic tools and is currently used in combination with ultrasound. We here report data obtained in a series of 52 thyroid nodules analysed by means of elastography, as well as conventional and Doppler ultrasound. We found no differences in age, nodule and thyroid volume, length, width, thickness and maximum diameter between benign and malignant lesions. Several sonographic patterns are considered to be predictive of malignancy, out of which we only found the intranodular blood flow to be statistically significant. By the means of shear wave elastography we have first assessed tissue elasticities, which are shown in a range of colours, depending on tissue elasticity/stiffness. Then, we have measured and recorded four parameters automatically displayed by the system, namely SWE-mean, SWE-max, SWE-SD and SWE-ratio. Data analysis showed all these quantitative parameters had good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve, as calculated by the ROC curve. As with these parameters, the cut-off points were lower than in literature, still able to indicate reliable diagnoses, which were confirmed by histopathological exam. Our conclusion is that shear wave elastography has great potential for reliably and accurately diagnosing thyroid malignancies.

scholarly journals New screening approach to detecting congenital syphilis in China: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320549
Author(s):  
Fang Hu ◽  
Shuai-Jun Guo ◽  
Jian-Jun Lu ◽  
Ning-Xuan Hua ◽  
Yan-Yan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Rule Out

BackgroundDiagnosis of congenital syphilis (CS) is not straightforward and can be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of an algorithm using timing of maternal antisyphilis treatment and titres of non-treponemal antibody as predictors of CS.MethodsConfirmed CS cases and those where CS was excluded were obtained from the Guangzhou Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of syphilis programme between 2011 and 2019. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in two situations: (1) receiving antisyphilis treatment or no-treatment during pregnancy and (2) initiating treatment before 28 gestational weeks (GWs), initiating after 28 GWs or receiving no treatment for syphilis seropositive women.ResultsAmong 1558 syphilis-exposed children, 39 had confirmed CS. Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of maternal non-treponemal titres before treatment and treatment during pregnancy were 0.80, 76.9%, 78.7% and 0.79, 69.2%, 88.7%, respectively, for children with CS. For the algorithm, ROC results showed that PPV and NPV for predicting CS were 37.3% and 96.4% (non-treponemal titres cut-off value 1:8 and no antisyphilis treatment), 9.4% and 100% (non-treponemal titres cut-off value 1:16 and treatment after 28 GWs), 4.2% and 99.5% (non-treponemal titres cut-off value 1:32 and treatment before 28 GWs), respectively.ConclusionsAn algorithm using maternal non-treponemal titres and timing of treatment during pregnancy could be an effective strategy to diagnose or rule out CS, especially when the rate of loss to follow-up is high or there are no straightforward diagnostic tools.

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF GRAY SCALE ULTRASONOGRAPHY VERSUS COLOR DOPPLER IN SUSPECTED CASES OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Usman Shahid ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Shad ◽  
Shahzad Karim Bhatti ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Versus Color ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A common surgical emergency is acute appendicitis. Various diagnostic tools are available to diagnosis acute appendicitis. Radiological investigations play an important role in making accurate and early diagnosis and thus preventing morbidity associated with the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of gray scale ultrasonography versus color Doppler in suspected cases of acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried in the department of Radiology of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. A total of 75 patients were enrolled of age 18-40 years, both genders who were suspected cases of acute appendicitis. All patients underwent baseline investigations along with gray scale ultrasonography and color Doppler. All patients were subjected to surgery to confirm the diagnosis and findings were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 23.25 ±10.55 and mean transverse diameter of appendix was 8.37 ±3.39. There were 62.7% males and 37.3%females. Findings of gray scale ultrasonography and color Doppler were then correlated with surgical findings to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities. The results revealed that gray scale ultrasonography sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was 92.7%, 94.32%, 95%, 91.4% and 93.3% respectively, whereas color Doppler had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 97.7%, 93.9%, 95.3%, 97% and 96% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of both modalities together was 98.6%. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler has better diagnostic accuracy than gray scale ultrasonography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis and the combination of both modalities yields diagnostic accuracy that is similar to gold standard.

scholarly journals International network for capacity building for the control of emerging viral vector-borne zoonotic diseases: ARBO-ZOONET

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ahmed ◽  
M Bouloy ◽  
O Ergonul ◽  
A. R. Fooks ◽  
J Paweska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Vector Borne

Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, which include West Nile fever virus (WNFV), a mosquito-borne virus, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne virus. These arthropod-borne viruses can cause disease in different domestic and wild animals and in humans, posing a threat to public health because of their epidemic and zoonotic potential. In recent decades, the geographical distribution of these diseases has expanded. Outbreaks of WNF have already occurred in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, CCHF is endemic in many European countries and serious outbreaks have occurred, particularly in the Balkans, Turkey and Southern Federal Districts of Russia. In 2000, RVF was reported for the first time outside the African continent, with cases being confirmed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. This spread was probably caused by ruminant trade and highlights that there is a threat of expansion of the virus into other parts of Asia and Europe. In the light of global warming and globalisation of trade and travel, public interest in emerging zoonotic diseases has increased. This is especially evident regarding the geographical spread of vector-borne diseases. A multi-disciplinary approach is now imperative, and groups need to collaborate in an integrated manner that includes vector control, vaccination programmes, improved therapy strategies, diagnostic tools and surveillance, public awareness, capacity building and improvement of infrastructure in endemic regions.

scholarly journals Paper-based ELISA Diagnosis Technology for Human Brucellosis Based on a Multiepitope Fusion Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehui Yin ◽  
Qiongqiong Bai ◽  
Xiling Wu ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Jihong Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nano Zinc

Abstract Background: At present, as a serious zoonotic infectious disease, the incidence of brucellosis is increasing each year worldwide, exhibiting signs of resurgence. Brucellosis seriously threatens the health of humans, and it is necessary to strengthen the methods utilized for its rapid and accurate diagnosis.Methods: Bioinformatic technology was used to predict B-cell epitopes of the main outer membrane proteins of Brucella and subsequently verified the antigenicity of these epitopes. Prepared a Brucella multiepitope fusion protein and verified the antigenicity of the protein by indirect ELISA. Whatman filter paper was then modified with nano-zinc oxide to construct a paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) technology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.Results: A total of 22 linear B cell epitopes were predicted. Each epitope could recognize some brucellosis sera. The constructed multiepitope fusion protein had good antigenicity and significantly reduced cross-reaction compared with LPS. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 92.38% and 98.35%, the positive predictive value was 98.26%, and the negative predictive value was 91.67%.Conclusions: A multiepitope fusion protein of Brucella was successfully prepared, and a rapid diagnostic technique for brucellosis was established. This technology has potential application value and can be used for the rapid diagnosis of brucellosis.

scholarly journals 4100 Chronic Pain in Refugee Torture Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Gunisha Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Brachial Plexopathy ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Istanbul Protocol

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An estimated 87% of torture survivors, or 27 million people globally, suffer from chronic pain such as brachial plexopathy from upper extremity suspension or lumbosacral plexus injury from leg hyperextension. However, a vast majority of pain is undetected by evaluators due to a lack of diagnostic tools and confounding psychiatric illness. This diagnostic gap results in exclusive psychological treatment rather than multimodal therapies, substantially limiting rehabilitation, placing vulnerable individuals at higher risk of drug abuse, and increasing healthcare expenditures. We hypothesized that the novel application in torture survivors of a validated pain screen can supplement the UNIP and improve its sensitivity for pain from approximately 15% to 90%, as compared to the reference standard. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this prospective, blind comparison to gold standard study, 25 patients who survived torture by World Medical Association definition first received the standard evaluation protocol for torture survivors (United Nations Istanbul Protocol, UNIP) by a trained evaluator, and subsequently received a validated pain screen (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, BPISF) followed by a non-invasive examination by a pain specialist physician (reference standard). The primary outcome was the diagnostic and treatment capability of the standard protocol (index test) versus the validated pain screen (BPISF), as compared to the reference standard. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Providers using only the UNIP detected and treated pain in a maximum of 16% of patients as compared to 85% of patients who were diagnosed with pain by the reference standard. When employed, the validated pain screen had a sensitivity of 100% [95% CI: 72% - 100%] and a negative predictive value of 100%, as compared to a sensitivity of 24% [95% CI: 8% - 50%] and negative predictive value of 19% by the index test. The difference in the sensitivity of the UNIP as compared to the BPISF was significant, with p < 0.001. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : These data indicate that the current global standard assessment of torture survivors, the United Nations Istanbul Protocol, should be supplemented by the use of a validated pain screen to increase the accuracy of chronic pain diagnosis. This would change the standard medical assessment of 70.8 million people globally, a number that continues to rise by nearly 45,000 people each day. ClinicalTrials.gov protocol number NCT03018782.

scholarly journals Development of a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for specific and early detection of Mycobacterium leprae in clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nupur Garg ◽  
Upasana Sahu ◽  
Sudeshna Kar ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

AbstractLeprosy, a progressive, mutilating and highly stigmatized disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (ML), continues to prevail in the developing world. This is due to the absence of rapid, specific and sensitive diagnostic tools for its early detection since the disease gets notified only with the advent of physical scarring in patients. This study reports the development of a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for fast, sensitive and specific amplification of 16S rRNA gene of ML DNA for early detection of leprosy in resource-limited areas. Various parameters were optimized to obtain robust and reliable amplification of ML DNA. Blind clinical validation studies were performed which showed that this technique had complete concurrence with conventional techniques. Total absence of amplification of negative control DNA confirmed the specificity of this test. Various visual detection methods viz. colorimetric, turbidity differentiation and bridge flocculation were standardized to establish easy-to-read and rapid diagnosis. This technique eliminates the lack of accuracy and sensitivity in skin smear tests in patients and the requirement for expensive lab equipments and trained technicians. The technique holds promise for further expansion and has the potential to cater to the unmet needs of society for a cheap, highly-sensitive and robust rapid diagnosis of ML.

scholarly journals Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against choline kinase α and their potential use as diagnostic tools in cancer

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gallego-Ortega ◽  
Ana Ramirez De Molina ◽  
Ruth Gutierrez ◽  
Maria Ramos ◽  
Jacinto Sarmentero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Choline Kinase ◽  
Potential Use

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Liaison Automated Testing System for Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea-Romana Prusa ◽  
Michael Hayde ◽  
Arnold Pollak ◽  
Kurt R. Herkner ◽  
David C. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACTCongenital toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem, and different screening strategies exist. Testing of toxoplasma-specific antibodies in infants identifies congenital toxoplasmosis during the first year of life. However, experience with commercial available immunoassays is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the performance and analytical characteristics of the Liaison diagnostic system in infants. In a retrospective study, serumToxoplasma gondiiantibodies were measured in samples from 333 infants, including 212 noninfected infants and 121 infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. A total of 1,157 umbilical cord blood and peripheral serum samples were analyzed. Liaison toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgM antibodies and the IgG avidity index were compared to the infection status of the infant, determined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test and immunosorbent agglutination assay—IgM. All noninfected infants were seronegative by Liaison IgG within the first year of life. The Liaison system showed a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 100.0%, a positive predictive value of 100.0%, a negative predictive value of 90.6%, and overall agreement of 84.4% by comparison with the dye test. Overall agreement of both IgM test systems was 96.0%. In this study cohort, avidity did not show a potential diagnostic benefit for the detection of congenital infection. In conclusion, the Liaison system is a valuable tool to monitor the serologic course of infants at risk. A final serologic confirmatory test is recommended to improve the rate of detection of congenital toxoplasmosis at 1 year of life. Protocols of routine follow-up testing in infants and accurate diagnostic tools after acute gestational infections are needed to improve medical care.

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