scholarly journals The evolving role of microRNA subtypes 21, 155 and 10b as oncogenes and biomarkers in breast cancer in a decade: A systematic review article

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Elnour ◽  
Nagham Eltayeb ◽  
Arwa Esam ◽  
Shiraz Faisal ◽  
Nuha M. Elhassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
High Incidence

Abstract Breast cancer is a malignant disease with a high incidence worldwide in women-and to less extent in men-, thus remains a health burden. miRNA plays a key role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer; as a single miRNA has the ability to regulate multiple gene targets and adversely alter their expression. In this review, we attempt to systematically analyze the rapidly accumulating body of research regarding the role of miRNAs subtypes particularly as oncogenes and biomarkers in breast cancer, and their clinical implications. A total of 11 pertinent articles in the past 10 years were extracted from high-rank reviews, analyzed, and summarized. Amongst many (eight miRNA subtypes), three subtypes (miR21, 155, and 10b) were selected in order to evaluate the validity of their oncogenicity as well as their diagnostic value as biomarkers.

scholarly journals The Evolving Role of Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer: Translational Implications Present and Future

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4576
Author(s):  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Hui-Wen Ho ◽  
Yen-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Chun-Jui Wei ◽  
Pei-Yi Chu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Common Malignancy

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. The discovery of regulated cell death processes has enabled advances in the treatment of BC. In the past decade, ferroptosis, a new form of iron-dependent regulated cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of BC. Intriguingly, the induction of ferroptosis acts to suppress conventional therapy-resistant cells, and to potentiate the effects of immunotherapy. As such, pharmacological or genetic modulation targeting ferroptosis holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks involved in ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumor suppression, its potential in therapeutic targeting, and explore recent advances in the development of therapeutic strategies for BC.

scholarly journals Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: An Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Musso ◽  
Nicola Petrosillo
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Yearly Rate

Over the past decades cardiovascular disease management has been substantially improved by the increasing introduction of medical devices as prosthetic valves. The yearly rate of infective endocarditis (IE) in patient with a prosthetic valve is approximately 3 cases per 1,000 patients. The fatality rate of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remains stable over the years, in part due to the aging of the population. The diagnostic value of echocardiography in diagnosis is operator-dependent and its sensitivity can decrease in presence of intracardiac devices and valvular prosthesis. The modified Duke criteria are considered the gold standard for diagnosing IE; their sensibility is 80%, but in clinical practice their diagnostic accuracy in PVE is lower, resulting inconclusively in nearly 30% of cases. In the last years, these new imaging modalities have gained an increasing attention because they make it possible to diagnose an IE earlier than the structural alterations occurring. Several studies have been conducted in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of various nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosis of PVE. We performed a review of the literature to assess the available evidence on the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis of PVE.

scholarly journals Breast cancer in young patients. Peculiarities of prognosis and adjuvant hormone therapy (a literature review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
D. N. Kravchenko ◽  
A. A. Parokonnaya ◽  
M. I. Nechushkin ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
N. D. Hakurinova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adjuvant Hormone Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Function Suppression

Breast cancer (BC) keeps being the most predominant malignant disease in women. In recent years, a trend towards “rejuvenescence” of the disease has been observed that affects its features. Despite modern methods of diagnosis and complex treatment used in young patients, survival in this age group are inferior that’s associated with biological and morphological peculiarities of BC in young age. Gradually are being collected data according to what age might be an independent factor exacerbating prognosis. For BC patients younger 40 years, various aspectsof hormone therapy remain ambiguous: prolonged tamoxifen use, aromatase inhibitors prescription, ovarian function suppression, a role of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea on prognosis. The issue of appropriate, personalized adjuvant hormone therapy of BC is complex and heterogenous that requires a necessity to further conduct international randomized trials.

scholarly journals Hibernating Myocardium and Role of 18F FDG PET Cardiac Imaging – A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Raihan Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hibernating Myocardium ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Tissue Viability ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Artery Disease

<p>The term “Hibernation” is a challenging term but not infrequently used in Nuclear Cardiology. It often is used synonymously for tissue viability, although technically there are some differences. Viability is a prospective definition, but it does not imply evidence of functional recovery after interventions whereas hibernation is a retrospective definition based on evidence of functional recovery after interventions. But for practical clinical purposes both carries the similar meaning. The aim of this review article is to summarize our current understanding of the concept of hibernation and its clinical implications in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the role of FDG PET study in its proper evaluation.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(1): 45-50, January 2017</p>

High prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. ARGILLA ◽  
L. HOWE ◽  
B. D. GARTRELL ◽  
M. R. ALLEY
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Campbell Island

SUMMARYYellow-eyed penguins (YEPs) have suffered major population declines over the past 30 years, with no single cause established.Leucocytozoonwas first identified in yellow-eyed penguins in 2005. During the 2008/09 breeding season, a high mortality was seen in both mainland yellow-eyed penguins as well as those on Enderby Island of the Auckland Islands archipelago. A high overall prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in association with a high incidence of chick mortality was observed during this period on Enderby Island. One chick had histological evidence of leucocytozoonosis with megaloschizonts in multiple organs throughout its body. In addition, a high prevalence (73·7%) ofLeucocytozoonwas observed by PCR in the blood of adult Enderby yellow-eyed penguins taken during the 2006/07 season. These findings were different from the low prevalence detected by PCR on the coast of the South Island (11%) during the 2008/2009 breeding session and earlier on Campbell Island (21%) during the 2006/2007 breeding session. TheLeucocytozoonspp. sequences detected lead us to conclude that theLeucocytozoonparasite is common in yellow-eyed penguins and has a higher prevalence in penguins from Enderby Island than those from Campbell Island and the mainland of New Zealand. The Enderby Island yellow-eyed penguins are infected with aLeucocytozoonspp. that is genetically distinct from that found in other yellow-eyed penguin populations. The role ofLeucocytozoonin the high levels of chick mortality in the yellow-eyed penguins remains unclear.

scholarly journals Taxanes for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S8205 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Gradishar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Current Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Taxane Resistance

Taxanes have remained a cornerstone of breast cancer treatment over the past three decades, improving the lives of patients with both early- and late-stage disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current role of taxanes, including an albumin-bound formulation that enhances delivery of paclitaxel to tumors, in the management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Since the introduction of Cremophor EL-paclitaxel to the clinic in the mid-1990s, a substantial amount of investigation has gone into subjects such as formulation, dose, schedule, and taxane resistance, allowing physicians greater flexibility in treating patients with MBC. This review will also examine how the shrinking pool of taxane-naive patients, a result of the expansion of taxanes into the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, will respond to taxane retreatment for metastatic disease. Taxane treatment seems likely to continue to play an important role in the treatment of MBC.

scholarly journals Oude waarheden - Over de terugkeer van de klassieke oudheid in de verlichtingshistoriografie

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Wyger R.E. Velema
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Many

Since the publication of Peter Gay’s The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, scholarly interest in the classical presence in Enlightenment culture has waned. Over the past decade, however, this topic has returned to center stage. This review article discusses the ways in which recent research has contributed to the rediscovery of the classical past in the Enlightenment. It starts with an evaluation of the current reinterpretation of the Querelle des anciens et des modernes, continues with an overview of recent scholarship on the various intellectual and institutional environments in which knowledge of the classical past was acquired and transmitted, and ends with a discussion of the crucial role of the ancient world in eighteenth-century historiography and political thought. In its conclusion the article draws attention to the many ways in which recent scholarship on the eighteenth-century reception of the classics has broken new ground. It also argues that the ‘classical turn in Enlightenment studies’ is still unjustifiably neglected in general interpretations of the Enlightenment.

scholarly journals The Role of BRCA1/2-Mutated Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Svetlana Miklikova ◽  
Lenka Trnkova ◽  
Jana Plava ◽  
Martin Bohac ◽  
Marcela Kuniakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Taking into account the factors of high incidence rate, prevalence and mortality, breast cancer represents a crucial social and economic burden. Most cases of breast cancer develop as a consequence of somatic mutations accumulating in mammary epithelial cells throughout lifetime and approximately 5–10% can be ascribed to monogenic predispositions. Even though the role of genetic predispositions in breast cancer is well described in the context of genetics, very little is known about the role of the microenvironment carrying the same aberrant cells impaired by the germline mutation in the breast cancer development and progression. Based on the clinical observations, carcinomas carrying mutations in hereditary tumor-suppressor genes involved in maintaining genome integrity such as BRCA1/2 have worse prognosis and aggressive behavior. One of the mechanisms clarifying the aggressive nature of BRCA-associated tumors implies alterations within the surrounding adipose tissue itself. The objective of this review is to look at the role of BRCA1/2 mutations in the context of breast tumor microenvironment and plausible mechanisms by which it contributes to the aggressive behavior of the tumor cells.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbial β-Glucuronidase in Estrogen Reactivation and Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Sui ◽  
Jianming Wu ◽  
Jianping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Bile Excretion

Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has received considerable attention for its interactions with the host. Microbial β-glucuronidase generated by this community has hence aroused concern for its biotransformation activity to a wide range of exogenous (foreign) and endogenous compounds. Lately, the role of gut microbial β-glucuronidase in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been proposed for its estrogen reactivation activity. This is plausible considering that estrogen glucuronides are the primary products of estrogens’ hepatic phase II metabolism and are subject to β-glucuronidase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the gut via bile excretion. However, research in this field is still at its very preliminary stage. This review outlines the biology of microbial β-glucuronidase in the gastrointestinal tract and elaborates on the clues to the existence of microbial β-glucuronidase–estrogen metabolism–breast cancer axis. The research gaps in this field will be discussed and possible strategies to address these challenges are suggested.

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