DNA methylome and lncRNAome Analysis Provide Insights Into Mechanism of Genome-dosage Effects in Autotetraploid Cassava
Abstract BackgroundDuring newly formed polyploidy, one of the most intriguing aspects is that whole-genome duplication (WGD) increase the dosage of all coding and non-coding genes. However, the molecular implications of genome-dosage effects remain elusive.ResultsWe conducted integrated maps of methylomes and lncRNAomes in autotetraploid cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its donor parent, both of which were independently clonal propagated for three years. DNA methylation variation of transposable elements (TEs) was observed as widespread in autotetraploid cassava. The hypermethylation of DNA transposons in mCG and mCHH sites may be an effective way to suppress the expression of nearby PCGs in autotetraploid cassava, resulting in similar expression levels for most of PCGs between autotetraploid and diploid cassava. The decreased methylation levels of retrotransposons in mCHG and mCHH sites, which partly attributed to reduction methylation of Cypsy neighboring long intergenic noncoding RNAs in autotetraploid cassava, may be a mechanism that may suppress the expression levels of nearby lncRNA, leading to no significant differences in transcriptome alterations for major of lncRNAs from its diploid parent.ConclusionsThis work highlighted that WGD-induced DNA methylation variation in DNA transposons and retrotransposons may be as direct adaptive responses to dosage of all coding-genes and lncRNAs, respectively.