scholarly journals Pre-Processing Unsellable Tomatoes into Separated Streams with the Intention of Recovering Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Baker ◽  
Dave Preskett ◽  
Dominik Krienke ◽  
Kasper S. Runager ◽  
Anne C.S. Hastrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Protein Recovery ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Protein Rich

Abstract PurposeA large proportion of the European Union’s tomato crop is discarded during harvesting and there is a valorisation potential to recover proteins from this waste. MethodsCherry tomatoes were segregated into three separate components: juice, pomace (peels and skins), and seeds. The peels and skins, and seeds were separately hydrolyzed with carbohydrases to determine whether protein recovery could be increased. In addition, a strategy to fractionate the seeds using sequential washing of milled tomato seeds followed by low-speed centrifugation to remove the denser seed hulls and to collect the protein rich kernels remaining in suspension. ResultsThe protein content of the seeds was highest with 27.4% while the peels and skins contained 7.6%. Carbohydrase mediated hydrolysis revealed a minor increase in protein recovery from seeds by 10% using Filta 02L (cellulase, xylananse and β-glucanase), and the quantity of protein recovered from peels and skins increased by 210% using Tail 157 (pectinase, hemicellulase). The strategy to separate the seeds into two fractions, revealed that a higher proportion of the fibre (65%) was associated with the hull fraction compared with the original seeds (47%). A significant proportion of the fibre in this fraction was composed lignin although the protein contents between both fractions was similar ranging from 27.4% to 29.9%. ConclusionsThese results reveal that carbohydrases were quite effective in protein extraction from peels and skins, but not from seeds. An alternative strategy was developed to remove the seed hulls from the milled seeds and to collect a crude protein fraction where the protein content could be further improved.

scholarly journals Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johansson ◽  
O. Placha ◽  
J. Pickova ◽  
A. Andrén ◽  
G. Zamaratskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Protein Rich

Two concentrates, one protein-rich and one based on cereals, were combined with two silages with a crude protein content of 17 and 13% of dry matter (DM), respectively to give four different diets for dairy cows. Milk content of caseins (&alpha;<sub>S1</sub>-, &alpha;<sub>S2</sub>-, &beta;-, and &kappa;-casein) and whey proteins (&alpha;-lactalbumin (&alpha;-LA) and &beta;-lactoglobulin (&beta;-LG)) and the fatty acid profile of milk were analyzed before the start and on four occasions during the experiment. Milk analyses showed that diet had no influence on the protein profile of the milk. However, a significant increase of &alpha;-linolenic acid, 13 and 39%, was obtained on the high protein concentrate feed and on the silage higher in crude protein, respectively. Cows on the protein-rich concentrate diet increased the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid by 53%. Linoleic acid was not affected by the diet. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Recovery of proteins from wastewater of tannery beamhouse operations: influence on the main pollution parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marsal ◽  
E. Hernández ◽  
S. Cuadros ◽  
R. Puig ◽  
E. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Protein Recovery ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Isoelectric Ph ◽  
Co Precipitation

The recovery of proteins from effluents of beamhouse operations in a hair-pulping process of hides is proposed. Precipitation with sulphuric acid at the isoelectric pH was chosen for protein recovery. The precipitates were characterized in order to study their potential uses. Apart from the protein nitrogen, the precipitate also contained a considerable content of fats resulting from the co-precipitation of natural fat of the hide in the wastewaters. The precipitation of the protein fraction resulted in a reduction of 80–85% of COD, whereas the protein content decreased 68–78%. This diminution of the contamination load led to a notable reduction of the tax on wastewater. The content of protein material in the precipitate varied from 15 to 44%. As expected, the protein in the precipitate did not result from the collagen decomposition of the hide but from soluble proteins such as albumin and globulin and remains of keratin. The precipitates obtained met the maximum limits of heavy metals according to legislation on organic fertilizers. The potential uses of the protein fraction recovered from tannery wastewaters are currently being investigated.

The Role of the Operation Regime in Wastewater Treatment with Duckweed

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Oron ◽  
Andre de-Vegt ◽  
Dan Porath
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Outdoor Experiments

The results of outdoor experiments with Lemnaqibba (a duckweed species) grown in mini-ponds proved to be highly competitive in comparison with other existing secondary treatment methods. The treated wastewater is at an acceptable level and can be reused for agricultural irrigation. The duckweed biomass, with a crude protein content of over 30% of dry weight, may be used as a protein rich alternative fodder. The ease of duckweed harvesting makes the potential treatment system even more economically attractive. Operational regime was controlled by the retention time and wastes depth. Retention time was in the range of 3 to 10 days, while the depths examined were 20 cm and 30 cm. The results indicate that shortening the retention time was associated with increase in protein content and did not affect the yield very much. The duckweed yield (dry basis) in the deep ponds (30 cm) was very similar to the 20 cm ponds, viz. around 14 g /m2 per day.

Proximal and Functional Properties of Edible Ripened Split Beans of Coastal Wild Legume Canavalia maritima

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Prabhavathi Supriya ◽  
Kandikere R. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Rich

Background: Utilization of wild legumes has received prime importance in the recent past to compensate the scarcity of protein-rich foods as well as to tackle the protein energy malnutrition. Ripened split beans of Canavalia maritima devoid of seed coat and testa serve as traditional nutraceutical source for the coastal dwellers of Southwest India. Objective: The present study projects proximal and functional attributes of uncooked and cooked ripened split beans of C. maritima to be used in the preparation of functional foods. Methods: Proximal properties (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, crude fibre, carbohydrates and calorific value) and functional properties (protein solubility, gelation capacity, water-absorption, oilabsorption, emulsion qualities and foam qualities) of split beans were evaluated by standard methods. Results: Cooking did not significantly changed the crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrates and calorific value, while it significantly increased the crude fibre. The protein solubility, water-absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability were significantly higher in uncooked than cooked beans. The cooked beans were superior to uncooked beans in least gelation concentration, low oil-absorption capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion stability. Conclusion: The functional properties of split bean flours were influenced by the proximal components like crude protein, total lipids and crude fibre. The energy-rich ripened split beans of C. maritima can serve as a new potential source for production of value added functional foods owing to their rich protein, rich carbohydrates, low-lipid and potential bioactive attributes.

Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenalee M. Mischkolz ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Eric G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass

Mischkolz, J. M., Schellenberg, M. P. and Lamb, E. G. 2013. Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 445–454. We evaluated the early establishment productivity of forage swards of native, perennial, cool and warm season grasses, and legumes as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, productive, and drought resistant rangelands. Seven species with agronomic potential and a broad native geographic distribution were selected for testing including: nodding brome [Bromus anomalus (Coult.)], blue bunch wheatgrass [Pseudoregneria spicata (Pursh)], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)], side oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)], little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)], purple prairie clover [Dalea purpurea (Vent.)], and white prairie clover [Dalea candida (Willd.)]. Forage swards, including all seven monocultures, 21 two-species mixtures and a mixture with all species, were planted in two sites, Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Western wheatgrass (WWG) had the highest overall plant density and the strongest effect on the forage yield of the forage swards; however, productivity and crude protein content were not reduced when other species were also included in the forage sward. Dalea spp. did not establish as well as the other species, but had the highest crude protein concentrations. This work provides insight into forage sward development at the establishment stage; additional work is required to determine long-term species impacts for well established forage swards.

scholarly journals 224 A method for estimating the target for protein energy retention in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Holland C Dougherty ◽  
Hutton Oddy ◽  
Mark Evered ◽  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Reference Weight ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract Target protein mass at maturity is a common “attractor” used in animal models to derive components of animal growth. This target muscle protein at maturity, M*, is used as a driver of a model of animal growth and body composition with pools representing muscle and visceral protein; where viscera is heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, reticulorumen and gastrointestinal tract; and muscle is non-visceral protein. This M* term then drives changes in protein mass and heat production, based on literature data stating that heat production scales linearly with protein mass but not liveweight. This led us to adopt a modelling approach where energy utilization is directly related to protein content of the animal, and energy not lost as heat or deposited as protein is fat. To maintain continuity with existing feeding systems we estimate M* from Standard Reference Weight (SRW) as follows: M* (kJ) = SRW * SHRINK * (1-FMAT) * (MUSC) * (CPM)* 23800. Where SRW is standard reference weight (kg), SHRINK is the ratio of empty body to live weight (0.86), FMAT is proportion of fat in the empty body at maturity (0.30), MUSC is the proportion of empty body protein that is in muscle (0.85), CPM is the crude protein content of fat-free muscle at maturity (0.21), and 23800 is the energetic content (kJ) of a kilogram of crude protein. Values for SHRINK, FMAT, MUSC and CPM were derived from a synthesis of our own experimental data and the literature. For sheep, these values show M* to be: M* (kJ) = SRW * 0.86* (1-0.3) * 0.85 * 0.21 *23800 = SRW * 2557. This method allows for use of existing knowledge regarding standard reference weight and other parameters in estimating target muscle mass at maturity, as part of a model of body composition and performance in ruminants.

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