scholarly journals Convectively-coupled High-frequency Atmospheric waves triggered Kerala floods in 2018 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRAN S R
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The State ◽  
Equatorial Waves ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Normal Rainfall

Abstract Floods have repeatedly battered the South Indian state, Kerala, as a result of the unprecedented heavy rainfall during Boreal Summers, in recent years. The state witnessed large departures from normal rainfall in 2018 and 2019. Previous studies have seldom adopted a systematic approach to understand the phenomenon responsible for the recurrent extreme events. Hence, this study, based on spectral methods, identifies a characteristic propagation of high-frequency equatorial waves in the atmosphere, which travelled from near tropical west Pacific to the east coast of Africa. These waves stimulated intense convection and ensured sufficient availability of moisture over the state, and are hence responsible for Kerala Floods.

scholarly journals Convectively-coupled High-frequency waves triggered Kerala floods in 2018 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRAN S R
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
East Coast ◽  
East Indian ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
High Frequency Waves ◽  
East Indian Ocean

Abstract Floods have repeatedly battered the South Indian state, Kerala, as a result of extremely anomalous rainfall during Boreal Summers, since 2018. Previous studies have seldom adopted a systematic approach to understand the phenomenon responsible for the extreme events. Hence, this study intends to identify this dynamical phenomenon based on spectral methods, and attempts to render a preliminary solution to the problem. The study exposes the presence of westward-propagating high-frequency tropical atmospheric waves of 5-8 days period, which originated from east Indian Ocean or West Pacific and headed towards the east coast of Africa. The wave troughs ensured sufficient moisture availability along its path, causing extreme precipitation over Kerala on the way.

scholarly journals Effect of monsoon depression of east coast at some distant region in west

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
ASOI LAL ◽  
R. S. SUNDAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Easterly Wave ◽  
Rainfall Occurrences ◽  
Normal Rainfall ◽  
Distant Region ◽  
Made In

Whenever a vortex or system of low or depression forms over head bay during Monsoon months, the west coast experiences heavy rainfall. These heavy rainfall occurrences are usually higher than the normal rainfall. An attempt has been made in this study to visualise the easterly wave model during monsoon months with the help of satellite imageries. The rain is expected heavy and wide spread over Madhya Maharashtra and South Gujarat when third sector of the wave covers these areas, as visualised in satellite wave and depression or vortex lies in the 5th or 6th sector of the wave.

“Sultan among Hindu Kings”: Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Wagoner
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Natural Result

When Robert Sewell inaugurated the modern study of the South Indian state of Vijayanagara with his classic A Forgotten Empire (1900), he characterized the state as “a Hindu bulwark against Muhammadan conquests” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1), thereby formulating one of the enduring axioms of Vijayanagara historiography. From their capital on the banks of the Tungabhadra river, the kings of Vijayanagara ruled over a territory of more than 140,000 square miles, and their state survived three changes of dynasty to endure for a period of nearly three hundred years, from the mid-fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth centuries (Stein 1989, 1–2). According to Sewell, this achievement was to be understood as “the natural result of the persistent efforts made by the Muhammadans to conquer all India” ([1900] 1962, 1). Hindu kingdoms had exercised hegemony over South India for most of the previous millennium, but were divided among themselves when the Muslim forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq swept over the South in the early decades of the fourteenth century: “When these dreaded invaders reached the Krishna River the Hindus to their south, stricken with terror, combined, and gathered in haste to the new standard [of Vijayanagara] which alone seemed to offer some hope of protection. The decayed old states crumbled away into nothingness, and the fighting kings of Vijayanagar became the saviours of the south for two and a half centuries” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1).

scholarly journals Analysis of non-pharmaceutical interventions and their impacts on COVID-19 in Kerala

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Goult ◽  
Shubha Sathyendranath ◽  
Žarko Kovač ◽  
Christina Eunjin Kong ◽  
Petar Stipanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
International Media ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractIn the absence of an effective vaccine or drug therapy, non-pharmaceutical interventions are the only option for control of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic with global implications. Each of the over 200 countries affected has followed its own path in dealing with the crisis, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of measures implemented, either individually, or collectively. In this paper we analyse the case of the south Indian state of Kerala, which received much attention in the international media for its actions in containing the spread of the disease in the early months of the pandemic, but later succumbed to a second wave. We use a model to study the trajectory of the disease in the state during the first four months of the outbreak. We then use the model for a retrospective analysis of measures taken to combat the spread of the disease, to evaluate their impact. Because of the differences in the trajectory of the outbreak in Kerala, we argue that it is a model worthy of a place in the discussion on how the world might best handle this and other, future, pandemics.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Kerala: analysis of measures and impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Goult ◽  
Shubha Sathyendranath ◽  
Žarko Kovač ◽  
Anas Abdulaziz ◽  
Nandini Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
International Media ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract In the absence of an effective vaccine or drug therapy, non-Pharmaceutical Interventions are the only option for control of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic with global implications. Each of the over 200 countries affected1 has followed its own path in dealing with the crisis, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of measures implemented, either individually, or collectively. In this paper we analyse the case of the south Indian state of Kerala, which received much praise in the international media for its success in containing the spread of the disease in the early months of the pandemic, but is now in the grips of a second wave. We use a model to study the trajectory of the disease in the state during the first four months of the outbreak. We then use the model for a retrospective analysis of measures taken to combat the spread of the disease, to evaluate their impact. Because of the unusual aspects of the Kerala case, we argue that it is a model worthy of a place in the discussion on how the world might best handle this and other, future, pandemics.

scholarly journals Emergency Preparedness of The New Generation Retail Outlets of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
R. Roshan ◽  
D. Kinslin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Indian State ◽  
New Generation

The aim of this research study is to analyze the preparedness of the new generation retail outlets of Kerala to face an unexpected emergency situation. Kerala is a small south Indian state with 580km of its western boundary as a coastal line to the Arabian sea. With a population density of 860 people per square kilometer and a human development index of 0.79 which is the highest in the country, the state is multi hazard prone, though it ranks high in education health, and purchasing power. The last decade has seen a tremendous increase in the number of organized retail outlets in the state. With 14.5% of the state prone to floods, 14.4% of the area prone to landslides and with an average of 70 people dying of lightning every year this consumer state has to be more conscious about the safety measures existing in the new generation sales outlets. This study was focused on discovering the awareness, the presence, the maintenance and the usage of emergency management systems in the new generation retail outlets. The data was collected using interview schedule and observation. The result of the study shows an alarming nature of general negligence to even the simplest precautions that could be taken. 

Political and Economic History of Land-Grabs in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer Ghulam Nabi Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
The State ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Land Grabs ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

This chapter begins with tracing the roots of colonialism in India, followed by understanding its various structures and processes of resource-grabbing. It argues, that India has largely followed the colonial approach towards land appropriation. After independence, although the Indian state followed a nationalistic path of development, the developmental approach of the state was far from being pro-peasant and/or pro-ecology. In a similar fashion, hydroelectricity projects in Kashmir, developed by NHPC from 1970s, have been displacing thousands of peasants from their lands and houses. Despite this, they are yet to become a major debate in the media, in the policy circles, or in academia in India.

Political Economy of Development in the Indian State of Nagaland: Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110620
Author(s):  
S. Limakumba Walling ◽  
Tumbenthung Y. Humtsoe
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Union Government

The state of Nagaland came into existence in 1963, with the union government granting special status to the state under Article 371A of the Indian constitution. These special provisions safeguard the indigenous social and customary practices and economic resources from the interventions and policies of the union government sans state legislature’s concurring resolution on the same. The special status while protecting the aforementioned rights of the Nagas creates a contrasting duality of sorts—in that modern market based democratic and economic institutions coexist with the traditional institutions. This blending of the old and the new often creates contestations and contradictions within the state’s political, social and economic spheres. In understanding these issues besieging Nagaland, neoliberal narratives of development economics and policy prescriptions thereof may be ill-disposed. The present article attempts to unravel the factors arresting economic development in the state by analysing various macroeconomic indicators. It is suggested that at the core lies the conflict between an attempt to establish a modern market-based economy with private ownership and that of a tribal-community based economic rights with customary laws and practices. The imperative role of the state government is emphasised to provide a mechanism for resolving the economic questions and ushering in development while preserving the rights of the indigenous people.

Does the ‘Two Dogs’ Method of Clandestine Synthesis Use Precursors that are not Legally Regulated on the Australian East Coast?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Victor Chiruta ◽  
Robert Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
East Coast ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

In the State of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, the prosecution in criminal proceedings is seeking deterrence punishment for offenders manufacturing 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) from the precursor helional via the ‘Two Dogs’ method (TDM). The reason given by the prosecution is a presumption that the TDM does not use any unrestricted chemicals in the synthesis of MDA. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. The relevant law was searched to fact-check the assertion of the prosecution. It was found that the prosecution was incorrect. Intermediate precursors of the TDM are restricted in NSW. However, the starting precursor helional remains unscheduled in NSW, yet helional is scheduled in some other Australian States. The prosecution’s position may play a significant factor in the sentencing proceedings of offenders. Therefore, as a matter of urgency, the prosecution must review and update its position and its submissions, keeping with the factual position in relation to the legal provisions of precursors used in the TDM.

scholarly journals Class, Caste, and Gender among Cashew Workers in the South Indian State of Kerala 1930–2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews

The main concern of this paper is the issue of women workers' identity and class consciousness. This investigation is principally based on in-depth interviews with three generations of female factory workers. Extremely unequal power relations between capital and labour is insufficient to explain the more pronounced exploitation of female workers over males. In spite of these women having the potential for collective power, their factory lives have been characterized by treatment in constant violation of labour laws. Low-caste female workers have gone through a process of effeminization which has acted to curb their class identity and limit their scope of action. In the process of caste and class emancipation, the question of gender has been neglected by trade union leaders and politicians. The radicalism of males is built upon women's maintaining of the families – a reality which strongly contradicts hegemonic gender discourses and confuses gender identities.

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