scholarly journals Reported Change in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the Covid-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Kapetanovic ◽  
Sevtap Gurdal ◽  
Birgitta Ander ◽  
Emma Sorbring
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Critical Number ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Abstract What effect the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning is unknown. Using data of N = 1789 (50% females) adolescents in Sweden we described adolescents’ thoughts and behaviors, as well as perceived changes in substance use, everyday life, relations, victimization, and mental health during the outbreak. Results show that a) adolescents tend to comply with regulations from the government, b) although most adolescents do not experience psychosocial changes, a critical number report increase in substance use and negative relational changes and c) most of the adolescents report poorer control of their everyday life and mental health. Adolescent females and adolescents with distance schooling were likely to report negative changes in their psychosocial functioning during the Covid-19 outbreak. Based on these findings, we suggest that the society should pay close attention to changes in adolescents’ psychosocial functioning during the time of crisis.

scholarly journals Reported Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Adolescents ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Sabina Kapetanovic ◽  
Sevtap Gurdal ◽  
Birgitta Ander ◽  
Emma Sorbring
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Critical Number ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Government

What effect the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning is currently unknown. Using the data of 1767 (50.2% female and 49.8 male) adolescents in Sweden, we discuss adolescents’ thoughts and behaviors around the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as reported changes in substance use, everyday life, relations, victimization, and mental health during the outbreak. Results showed that (a) the majority of adolescents have been complying with regulations from the government; (b) although most adolescents did not report changes in their psychosocial functioning, a critical number reported more substance use, conflict with parents, less time spent with peers, and poorer control over their everyday life; and (c) the majority of adolescents have experienced less victimization, yet poorer mental health, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Adolescent girls and adolescents in distance schooling were likely to report negative changes in their psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on these findings, we suggest that society should pay close attention to changes in adolescents’ psychosocial functioning during times of crisis.

scholarly journals Gendered Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviors and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Home Quarantine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10819
Author(s):  
Shu-Mei Liu ◽  
Shu-Fang Shih ◽  
Bo Meng ◽  
Rui Zhen ◽  
Xiao-Ben Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
High Odds ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Government

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly impacted the life and mental health of many people globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with preventive behaviors and mental health among Chinese adults during their home quarantine in the COVID-19 period. An online questionnaire survey was administered in March 2020. The study participants were adults aged between 18 and 70 years old from 31 provinces in China. Of the 3878 participants, 1314 reported moderate levels of anxiety, and the remaining participants reported moderate to severe levels of anxiety. Findings revealed that females aged between 18 and 30 years old who had higher educational qualifications, greater levels of preventive knowledge, trust in the government, and resided in urban and medium-risk areas (R2 = 0.100, F = 27.97, p < 0.001) were more likely to exhibit preventive behaviors. In contrast, a higher negative emotional response was generally seen in males who had low levels of preventive knowledge and behaviors, higher risk perception of infection, lower trust in the government, and unhealthy lifestyles (R2 = 0.127, F = 32.33, p < 0.001). In addition, the high-risk perception of infection was positively associated with high odds of anxiety (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10–1.24), whereas a greater level of preventive knowledge (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19–0.70) and behaviors (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84), higher trust in the government’s COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71–0.83), and a healthier lifestyle (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99) were negatively associated with high odds of anxiety. Results showed that a lower level of anxiety and negative emotional response were associated with better preventive behaviors against COVID-19, which were influenced by preventive knowledge, risk perception, trust in the government’s COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures, and healthy lifestyle. Findings in this study could help formulate health interventions for vulnerable groups related to gendered vulnerabilities in the COVID-19 environment to improve their mental health and preventive behaviors, especially during the period of a pandemic.

scholarly journals Attitudes toward COVID-19 among Young Adults: Role of Psychological Distress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Imtiaz ◽  
Emran Hasan ◽  
Akram Hossain ◽  
Noor Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Young adults’ attitudes toward COVID-19 are vital for their adherence to control measures taken by the government to break the chain of contamination. This study aims to measure differences in attitudes to this pandemic across various demographic groups of young adults living inside and outside of Dhaka. The predictors of optimistic attitudes toward COVID-19 also have been investigated. The study is cross-sectional in nature using data from the members of Secondary and Intermediate Level Students’ Welfare Association (SILSWA). Participants (n = 700) self-reported their attitudes toward controlling and defeating the pandemic. ANOVA and a two-sample t-test were utilized to find the differences in the mean attitude across demographic groups. Predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 were searched using multivariate logistic regression. Psychologically distressed participants showed more negative attitudes toward winning over COVID-19 than participants with good mental health both inside and outside of Dhaka. Participants inhabiting in Dhaka demonstrated less optimism for controlling and beating the pandemic. Less psychological distress [AOR=0.51; 95 per cent CI: 0.35, 0.76; p=0.001] found to be the significant predictors of an optimistic attitude of young adults. Dissemination of précised and accurate information regarding COVID-19 coupled with mental health intervention based on necessity can improve the attitudes of young adults.

scholarly journals Knowledge, beliefs, mental health, substance use, and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults: a national online survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph J. DiClemente ◽  
Ariadna Capasso ◽  
Shahmir H. Ali ◽  
Abbey M. Jones ◽  
Joshua Foreman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals Burden of Psychological Issues in Young, Adults and Parents Globally and in India due to COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to several provinces in China. India had 15.3 million cases as of April 21, 2021, with 13.1 million cases recovered; however, 181 thousand patients died as a result of the covid. The government enforced a full lockdown across the country to break the chain of Covid infections. People became isolated from society as a result of the lockdown. They limited access to the healthcare system, as well as schools, universities, and other social institutions. The new normal was difficult for people to adjust to, the health-care system was on the verge of collapsing, and the fear of COVID caused widespread anxiety and mental health issues. According to the recent study published in Lancet on November 9, 18 percent of COVID-19 patients developed a mental health issue— like depression, anxiety, or dementia — within 3 months of diagnosis. Their risk was doubled compared to people who didn’t have COVID-19. In the study, authors examined whether a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with increased rates of subsequent psychiatric diagnoses, and whether patients with a history of psychiatric illness are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19, using data from 69 million people, 62354 of whom have been diagnosed with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Disparities in Cigarette Smoking in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1983905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Cynthia Callard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada

Objectives: The Government of Canada has proposed an ‘endgame’ target for cigarette smoking that aims to reduce prevalence below 5% by 2035. To meet this difficult goal, it will be necessary to identify populations where interventions will (1) have the greatest impact in reducing the number of smokers and (2) have the greatest impact in addressing smoking disparities. Method(s): Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, smoking prevalence was estimated for populations that differed with respect to demographic, substance use, and mental health factors. Risk difference, relative risk, and attributable disparity number, which describes the magnitude of the potential impact if the disparity were addressed, were calculated for each group. Results: The strongest disparities (relative risk ⩾ 2) were associated with immigration status (for women), substance use, marital status, and lifetime experience of mental health or substance use disorders. The smallest disparities (relative risk ⩽ 1.5) were associated with sexual orientation, household income, immigration status (men), and province of residence. The groups with the largest attributable disparity number were among those who used cannabis, and those who were not immigrants, not married, and white. Conclusions: Disparities which were both strong and had a large potential impact on prevalence overall were found for populations facing mental health and substance use concerns. Differences in rankings were found depending on the scale of the measure. Addressing disparities in smoking rates is an important component of developing tobacco endgame strategies.

scholarly journals How Did The First COVID-19 Lockdown Affect Persons With Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Norway? A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Leonhardt ◽  
Morten Brodahl ◽  
Nicola Cogan ◽  
Lars Lien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Everyday

Abstract Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 with its severe social restrictions touched the daily life of most people. While everyday social life becomes difficult for citizens with economic and cultural capital, it becomes even worse for vulnerable groups such as persons with mental health and substance use disorders, who are particularly vulnerable to social exclusion. The aim of this study is to investigate how the first COVID-19 lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.Methods: This qualitative study reports data from 17 individual interviews and one focus group of five participants, all with a self-reported mental health and substance use disorder. Interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured interview guide in September and October 2020 in a medium-sized local authority in Norway. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. A reference group of people with varied knowledge and experiences of the phenomenon were involved in study design, recruitment, data generation and analysis.Results: The analysis identified four interrelated main themes, describing how the first lockdown affected the everyday life and health of persons suffering from a mental health and substance use disorder: 1) The COVID-19 outbreak as a perceived challenge, 2) A decline in mental health and well-being, 3) Increased substance use challenges, and 4) Diverse experiences with health and social services. The results show that people with a co-occurring disorder have challenges with digital tools and/or do not have the appropriate equipment. Further, participants were not concerned about becoming infected themselves, but infecting others.Conclusion:Persons with a mental health and substance use disorder face major challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to maintain continuous low-threshold services especially directed towards persons with co-occurring disorders during the pandemic. Furthermore, it is important to improve the digital skills of every service user or offer alternatives to digital consultations and meetings.

Impact of Co-Occurring Substance use on 6 Month Outcomes for Young People Seeking Mental Health Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn D. Baker ◽  
Dan I. Lubman ◽  
Elizabeth M. Cosgrave ◽  
Eoin J. Killackey ◽  
Hok Pan Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders are highly prevalent among young people attending services, yet few studies have examined the effect of such comorbidity among those referred for treatment. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) on 6 month outcomes for young people seeking mental health treatment. Method: One hundred and six young people (aged 15–24 years) with a non-psychotic DSM-IV Axis I disorder were assessed following referral to a specialist youth public mental health service. Participants were given a structured interview, as well as questionnaires assessing drug use, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning and self-esteem at baseline and 6 month follow up. Results: At baseline, 23 participants met criteria for a co-occurring SUD and 83 had a non-psychotic Axis I disorder. Both the non-SUD and the co-occurring SUD groups had high levels of psychopathology, serious impairments in functioning and moderate levels of suicidal ideation, although those with co-occurring SUD had significantly poorer levels of functioning. At 6 month follow up the co-occurring SUD group continued to experience substantial problems with symptoms and functioning whereas the non-SUD group had significant improvement in both of these domains. Conclusions: The present findings are consistent with studies examining the impact of co-occurring substance use and mental health issues across different treatment settings, and reinforce recommendations that young people with co-occurring disorders require more intensive and integrated interventions. The present findings also highlight the need for routine assessment and management of substance use issues within youth mental health settings.

Tobacco smoking among people living with a psychotic illness: The second Australian survey of psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Cooper ◽  
Serafino G Mancuso ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Low Education

Objective: The aims of this study were to (a) describe patterns of tobacco smoking among Australians living with a psychotic illness and (b) explore the association between smoking and measures of psychopathology, psychiatric history, psychosocial functioning, physical health, substance use and demographic characteristics. Methods: Data were from 1812 participants in the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis. Participants were aged 18–64 years and resided in seven mental health catchment sites across five states of Australia. Bivariate statistics were used to compare smokers with non-smokers on the measures of interest, and to compare ICD-10 diagnostic categories on measures of smoking prevalence, nicotine addiction and quitting history. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test whether (a) demographics and psychiatric history were associated with having ever smoked and (b) whether symptoms and psychosocial functioning were independently associated with current smoking, after controlling for demographics, psychiatric history and substance use. Results: The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 66.6% (72% of men and 59% of women); lifetime prevalence was 81%. In univariate analyses, individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were most likely to be smoking tobacco (70%) and were more nicotine dependent. Smokers reported worse perceived physical health, lower body mass index and waist circumference, and more lifetime medical conditions. A younger age of illness onset, male gender and low education were associated with having ever smoked. Associations with current smoking included low education, male gender, no formal employment, worse negative symptoms, higher daily caffeine consumption, and alcohol dependence and substance abuse/dependence. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high amongst people with a psychotic disorder, and is associated with adverse mental health symptoms as well as high rates of other substance use, poorer subjective physical health, and a higher risk of the many known health consequences of smoking.

Risk Factors Associated With Bullying at School and Electronic Bullying in U.S. Adolescent Females With Asthma

2020 ◽  
pp. 105984052095163
Author(s):  
Ellen M. McCabe ◽  
Shiela M. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Electronic Bullying ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk

Although adolescent females with asthma are at increased risk for bullying, relationships between bullying at school and electronic bullying and demographics, mental health issues, and substance use have not specifically been studied in these young women. The purpose of this research was to examine such relationships among adolescent females with asthma. Complex sampling software was used to extrapolate frequencies and χ2 analyses to adolescent females with asthma. In this U.S. sample of adolescent females with asthma ( n = 1,634), younger age, mental health issues, and substance use were significantly related to bullying at school and electronic bullying, while race/ethnicity and grade in school were significantly related only to bullying at school. In general, findings are consistent with previous research regarding relationships between bullying and risk factors among all U.S. adolescent females. Guidance by school nurses is needed to create effective supports for victimization reduction in this vulnerable group.

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